English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 176 | outline | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: outline is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 提要 | Before drafting, Mina will outline the reasons for protecting the marsh. |
| 177 | distribute | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: distribute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 分 | Volunteers distribute clean water after the storm. |
| 178 | innovative | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 创新的 | The innovative roof collects rainwater and cools the building. |
| 179 | administer | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: administer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 举 | Trained nurses administer the vaccine. |
| 180 | ecological | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ecological is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 生態的 2. 生態學的 3. 環保 | The oil spill caused serious ecological damage along the coast. |
| 181 | maintenance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. 保養 2. 維持 3. 保守 | Routine maintenance prevented the machine from overheating. |
| 182 | bacteria | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bacteria is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 细菌 | Helpful bacteria live in healthy soil. |
| 183 | galaxy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: galaxy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 恆星系 2. 群星 3. 星系 | Our solar system lies within the Milky Way galaxy. |
| 184 | multiple | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: multiple is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 倍數 2. 乘數 | Thirty is a multiple of both five and six. |
| 185 | astronaut | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: astronaut is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 太空人 2. 宇航員 3. 航天員 | The astronaut repaired equipment outside the spacecraft. |
| 186 | cloning | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cloning is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 克隆 2. 複製 | Researchers use cloning to create many copies of a useful gene. |
| 187 | element | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: element is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 元素 | Oxygen is an element found in air and water. |
| 188 | municipal | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: municipal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 城市的 2. 市立 3. 市 | The municipal library is funded by the city. |
| 189 | integration | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 融合 2. 統合 | School integration faced organized resistance. |
| 190 | charter | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: charter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 憲章 2. 卡 | The royal charter authorized the colony's government. |
| 191 | organism | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice. | 1. 生物 2. 有機體 | Every organism in the pond depends on water. |
| 192 | knowledge | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: knowledge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 知識 2. 見識 3. 知识 | Reading the guide increased our knowledge of local birds. |
| 193 | function | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 函数 | The roots' main function is to absorb water and anchor the plant. |
| 194 | graphic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: graphic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 画 | The graphic novel combines dialogue with illustrated panels. |
| 195 | workshop | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: workshop is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 实验室 | During the writing workshop, students shared their revised leads. |
| 196 | highlight | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: highlight is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 凸显 | The conclusion should highlight the strongest evidence. |
| 197 | evolve | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: evolve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 發展 | Languages evolve as speakers create and borrow expressions. |
| 198 | endanger | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: endanger is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 危害 2. 危及 3. 使受危險 | Plastic rings can endanger animals in the ocean. |
| 199 | antibiotic | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Prefix focus: anti- means against or opposed to. | 1. 抗生素 2. 抗菌素 | A doctor may prescribe an antibiotic for a confirmed bacterial infection. |
| 200 | period | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: period is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 週期 2. 期间 | The chicks remained warm during the cold period. |
| 201 | significant | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: significant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 高 | The discovery was significant because it changed what scientists understood. |
| 202 | budget | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: budget is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 預算 2. 財政預算案 | The club created a budget before ordering supplies. |
| 203 | unit | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: unit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 單位 | The meter is a unit used to measure length. |
| 204 | assist | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assist is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 幫 2. 幫助 3. 協助 | Two volunteers assist visitors at the museum entrance. |
| 205 | virus | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: virus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 病毒 | A virus can spread through cough droplets. |
| 206 | engineering | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: engineering is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 工程 2. 工程学 | Bridge engineering balances strength, cost, and safety. |
| 207 | resource | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resource is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 原料 | The encyclopedia is a valuable resource for the research project. |
| 208 | density | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 密度 | Oil floats because its density is lower than water's. |
| 209 | sustainable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action. | 1. 可持續的 2. 持久 | The farm uses sustainable methods to protect the soil. |
| 210 | respond | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: respond is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 回答 | The essay must respond directly to the prompt's central question. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 6 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 6.
English reading
Reading passage is being prepared.
Simplified Chinese translation
A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.
Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words