English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1296 | encryption | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 加密 | The messaging service uses encryption to protect private conversations. |
| 1297 | dissent | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dissent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 异议 | The judge wrote a dissent explaining why she opposed the ruling. |
| 1298 | asteroid | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: asteroid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 小行星 | The probe photographed an asteroid between Mars and Jupiter. |
| 1299 | sparse | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sparse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 清楚 | Only sparse grass grew on the dry hillside. |
| 1300 | mischief | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mischief is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 惡作劇 2. 暴动 | The puppy's mischief left muddy paw prints across the floor. |
| 1301 | astronomer | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: astronomer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 天文學家 2. 天文学家 | The astronomer observed a distant comet. |
| 1302 | binary | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: binary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 二進 | Computers store many kinds of information in binary form using zeros and ones. |
| 1303 | rigid | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rigid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 硬性 2. 僵硬 3. 硬 | A rigid frame keeps the telescope steady. |
| 1304 | pyramid | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pyramid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 角錐 2. 金字塔 3. 棱锥 | The square pyramid has four triangular side faces. |
| 1305 | naive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: naive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 天真 2. 幼稚 | It was naive to believe the advertisement without checking its claims. |
| 1306 | pun | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pun is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 雙關語 2. 俏皮話 | The bakery sign's bread joke is a pun. |
| 1307 | cumulative | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 积累 | The cumulative rainfall for the month reached twenty centimeters. |
| 1308 | senseless | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: senseless is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 毫无意义的 | Damaging the new playground would be a senseless act. |
| 1309 | revert | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: revert is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 恢复 | Without maintenance, the garden may revert to an overgrown field. |
| 1310 | escalate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: escalate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 升級 2. 升高 | A small disagreement can escalate when no one listens. |
| 1311 | provision | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 條件 2. 條款 3. 支付 | One provision of the contract requires monthly safety reports. |
| 1312 | vain | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 虛榮 2. 嘐 | The vain ruler ordered statues of himself in every square. |
| 1313 | potent | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: potent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 有力的 | The concentrated cleaner is potent enough to damage paint. |
| 1314 | prosecute | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prosecute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 起訴 2. 追求 | The state may prosecute anyone who deliberately poisons the river. |
| 1315 | descriptive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 描述性的 | The descriptive paragraph helps readers imagine the crowded market. |
| 1316 | ridicule | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ridicule is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 嘲笑 | No student should ridicule another person's accent. |
| 1317 | perseverance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. 恆心 2. 毅力 | Solving the complicated puzzle required perseverance. |
| 1318 | powerfully | adverb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs. | 有力地 | The river flowed powerfully after the storm. |
| 1319 | elimination | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 消除 | Using elimination, Rae added the equations to remove y. |
| 1320 | watershed | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: watershed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 分水岭 | Pollution anywhere in the watershed can reach the reservoir. |
| 1321 | syntax | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: syntax is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 句法學 2. 語法學 3. 语法学 | Changing the syntax can place more emphasis on the final idea. |
| 1322 | suspense | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: suspense is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 焦虑 | The ticking clock creates suspense during the rescue scene. |
| 1323 | subset | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: subset is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 子集 | The survey examined a subset of the town's households. |
| 1324 | hoax | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hoax is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 騙局 2. 惡作劇 | The report of a sea monster proved to be a hoax. |
| 1325 | eerie | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: eerie is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 詭異 2. 怪異 3. 森森 | An eerie howl echoed through the empty valley. |
| 1326 | blunder | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: blunder is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 錯誤 | Sending the letter without an address was a blunder. |
| 1327 | pursuit | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pursuit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 追求 | Her pursuit of accuracy led her back to the original records. |
| 1328 | manuscript | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: manuscript is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 手稿 2. 手抄本 3. 原稿 | The author sent the completed manuscript to her editor. |
| 1329 | prose | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 散文 | The author shifts from verse to prose when the formal ceremony ends. |
| 1330 | perceive | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: perceive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 察覺 2. 感知 3. 知覺 | Bats perceive their surroundings through reflected sound. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 38 vocabulary review
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English reading
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Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words