English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1226 | repeating | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: repeating is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | One third has the repeating decimal 0.333. |
| 1227 | viewpoint | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: viewpoint is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The novel shows the conflict from each sibling's viewpoint. |
| 1228 | plausible | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The detective considered each plausible explanation for the missing key. |
| 1229 | ascend | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ascend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The hikers ascend the hill before sunrise. |
| 1230 | regulatory | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: regulatory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The agency has regulatory authority over drinking-water quality. |
| 1231 | controversial | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: controversial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The controversial proposal would relocate several families. |
| 1232 | nationalism | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Nationalism helped unite the region but also heightened rivalries. |
| 1233 | critique | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: critique is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Partners critique each proposal using the same three criteria. |
| 1234 | cone | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cone is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The traffic cone has a circular base. |
| 1235 | stationary | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: stationary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The bicycle remained stationary while its wheel spun. |
| 1236 | refrain | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: refrain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Everyone joined in when the refrain returned. |
| 1237 | drastic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: drastic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The drought required drastic limits on water use. |
| 1238 | coherent | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: coherent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Transitions made the explanation coherent from beginning to end. |
| 1239 | budge | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: budge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The heavy cabinet would not budge across the floor. |
| 1240 | bizarre | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bizarre is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The bizarre sculpture combines a bicycle wheel with a glass umbrella. |
| 1241 | tornado | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tornado is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The tornado damaged a narrow path through the town. |
| 1242 | reckless | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reckless is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Reckless driving endangered everyone near the crossing. |
| 1243 | citation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Each borrowed statistic needs a citation. |
| 1244 | bibliography | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -graphy relates to writing, recording, or describing. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The bibliography identifies every book, interview, and website in the project. |
| 1245 | mantle | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mantle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Slow movement in the mantle helps drive plate motion. |
| 1246 | empirical | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: empirical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The team collected empirical data by measuring the plants each day. |
| 1247 | assert | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assert is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The author will assert that clean water is a basic human need. |
| 1248 | sediment | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The river left a layer of sediment along its banks. |
| 1249 | shatter | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: shatter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | A hard fall can shatter a glass jar. |
| 1250 | nudge | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: nudge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Mina used her elbow to nudge the door open. |
| 1251 | operational | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: operational is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The repaired water pump is operational again. |
| 1252 | sympathetic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sympathetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The counselor was sympathetic but still explained the rule. |
| 1253 | solemn | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: solemn is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The crowd remained solemn during the memorial ceremony. |
| 1254 | crafty | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: crafty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The crafty fox hid its tracks near the stream. |
| 1255 | communism | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Different governments interpreted communism in sharply different ways. |
| 1256 | automation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Automation allows the greenhouse to adjust watering overnight. |
| 1257 | climax | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: climax is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The climax occurs when the climber must choose whether to turn back. |
| 1258 | peril | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: peril is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The climbers faced peril when the ice began to crack. |
| 1259 | gorge | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gorge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The river flows through a rocky gorge. |
| 1260 | emphasis | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: emphasis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The course places emphasis on evidence rather than memorized dates. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 36 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 36.
English reading
Reading passage is being prepared.
Cantonese translation
A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.
Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words