English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 526 | modify | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: modify is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Engineers will modify the design so the ramp is less steep. |
| 527 | perception | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Lighting can change the perception of a room's size. |
| 528 | accessible | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The museum provides an accessible entrance and captions for its videos. |
| 529 | specify | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The directions specify which measurements belong in the final table. |
| 530 | exert | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exert is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Climbers must exert extra force on the steep slope. |
| 531 | ecology | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ecology is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Ecology examines how water quality affects an entire food web. |
| 532 | excerpt | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: excerpt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | We read an excerpt from the explorer's journal. |
| 533 | derive | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: derive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Many English words derive from Latin and Greek roots. |
| 534 | burrow | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: burrow is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The rabbit disappeared into its burrow beneath the hedge. |
| 535 | reinforce | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reinforce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Steel beams reinforce the old building during earthquakes. |
| 536 | accumulate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: accumulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Dust can accumulate on a shelf that is rarely cleaned. |
| 537 | interactive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The interactive map displays new information when a region is selected. |
| 538 | effectiveness | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ness forms a noun naming a quality or state. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The trial measures the effectiveness of the new filtration method. |
| 539 | simulate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: simulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The computer model can simulate the movement of a hurricane. |
| 540 | isolation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Geographic isolation allowed the island species to develop independently. |
| 541 | minimize | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Protective covers minimize damage from dust and sunlight. |
| 542 | exaggerate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exaggerate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Do not exaggerate the size of the fish you caught. |
| 543 | compile | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Students compile their field notes into a shared report. |
| 544 | adversity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The neighbors supported one another through adversity. |
| 545 | characteristic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: characteristic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Dark volcanic soil is characteristic of the island. |
| 546 | complementary | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: complementary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Angles of thirty and sixty degrees are complementary. |
| 547 | ingenious | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Her ingenious trap caught rainwater without harming wildlife. |
| 548 | analytical | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: analytical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | An analytical reader compares the author's claim with the supporting data. |
| 549 | thematic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: thematic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The novel's thematic focus on belonging connects its different episodes. |
| 550 | optimize | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The team will optimize the blade angle to capture more wind. |
| 551 | condensation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | Condensation formed droplets on the cold glass. |
| 552 | saturated | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: saturated is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | No more sugar dissolved once the solution became saturated. |
| 553 | imaginative | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The imaginative solution reused rainwater to cool the roof. |
| 554 | conscientious | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The conscientious volunteer checked every name on the list. |
| 555 | formulate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: formulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The council will formulate a plan after reviewing the evidence. |
| 556 | photosynthesis | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: photosynthesis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | During photosynthesis, leaves release oxygen. |
| 557 | exclude | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exclude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | A study should not exclude relevant evidence merely because it challenges the hypothesis. |
| 558 | collaborative | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The collaborative project combines local knowledge with satellite data. |
| 559 | embryo | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: embryo is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The plant embryo is protected inside the seed. |
| 560 | tribune | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tribune is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Reviewed Cantonese equivalent not yet available. | The tribune could veto certain actions that threatened plebeians. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 16 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 16.
English reading
Reading passage is being prepared.
Cantonese translation
A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.
Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words