English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1471 | metadata | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: metadata is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | siêu dữ liệu | A photograph's metadata may include its date and file size. |
| 1472 | attribution | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | Sự | The image requires attribution to its photographer. |
| 1473 | analogous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | tương tự | The two plots are analogous because each follows a child searching for home. |
| 1474 | relevance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. Sự 2. thích đáng 3. thích hợp | The judge questioned the relevance of testimony about an unrelated event. |
| 1475 | cybersecurity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | an ninh mạng | Strong passwords are one part of good cybersecurity. |
| 1476 | conspicuous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | dễ thấy | The bright orange tent was conspicuous against the snow. |
| 1477 | sever | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sever is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. Chia rẽ 2. tách | The storm may sever weak branches from the tree. |
| 1478 | loudspeaker | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: loudspeaker is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | phóng thanh | The announcement echoed through the loudspeaker. |
| 1479 | seismic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: seismic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | địa chấn | Seismic waves allow scientists to study Earth's interior. |
| 1480 | inscription | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. chữ khắc 2. Câu 3. viết | The weathered inscription names the bridge's original builder. |
| 1481 | inhibit | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inhibit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. Ngăn chặn 2. hạn chế 3. kiềm chế | Cold temperatures can inhibit the growth of some bacteria. |
| 1482 | hazy | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hazy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. Mù sương 2. mù mịt | The distant hills looked hazy through the morning fog. |
| 1483 | covenant | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: covenant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. Hiệp 2. thoả 3. khoản | The communities signed a covenant promising to share water during droughts. |
| 1484 | sentimental | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sentimental is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | đa cảm | The worn toy has sentimental value because it belonged to her grandmother. |
| 1485 | robotics | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: robotics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. Người 2. máy 3. học | Robotics combines programming, mechanics, and electronics. |
| 1486 | reformation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. Sự 2. cải cách 3. cải lương | The Protestant Reformation divided western Christianity. |
| 1487 | customary | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: customary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | phong tục | In the customary system, twelve inches equal one foot. |
| 1488 | characterization | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming. | 1. Sự 2. biểu thị 3. đặc điểm | The author uses dialogue and actions for indirect characterization. |
| 1489 | tectonic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tectonic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | kiến tạo | Tectonic plates move only a few centimeters each year. |
| 1490 | synonym | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: synonym is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | từ đồng nghĩa | “Rapid” is a synonym for “quick.” |
| 1491 | denominator | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: denominator is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. mẫu số 2. mẫu 3. mẫu thức | In three fifths, five is the denominator. |
| 1492 | plantation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. đồn điền 2. Vườn ươm | The plantation produced sugar for overseas markets. |
| 1493 | tsunami | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tsunami is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. sóng thần 2. Sóng 3. địa chấn | The offshore earthquake triggered a tsunami warning. |
| 1494 | truce | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: truce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. đình chiến 2. hưu chiến 3. ngừng bắn | Both sides accepted a truce to evacuate the wounded. |
| 1495 | doubtful | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: doubtful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | nghi ngờ | It is doubtful that the damaged bridge can reopen today. |
| 1496 | treacherous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | nguy hiểm | Black ice made the mountain road treacherous. |
| 1497 | approximation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. Sự 2. gần | Rounding 398 to 400 gives a useful approximation. |
| 1498 | murky | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: murky is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | đục | The pond water became murky after the storm. |
| 1499 | quotation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | trích dẫn | The quotation supports the paragraph because it states the witness's observation. |
| 1500 | cyclone | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cyclone is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. khi xoáy thuận 2. khi xoáy tụ 3. bão | The satellite image shows the cyclone turning over warm water. |
| 1501 | appendix | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: appendix is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | phụ lục | The report's appendix contains the complete survey questions. |
| 1502 | abolition | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. Sự 2. thủ tiêu 3. bãi bỏ | The movement demanded the abolition of slavery. |
| 1503 | linger | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: linger is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | Kéo dài | The scent of smoke may linger after the fire is out. |
| 1504 | intimidate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: intimidate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. Hăm 2. doạ 3. đe doạ | The bully tried to intimidate witnesses into silence. |
| 1505 | dehydration | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. khử nước 2. loại 3. nước | The runner stopped to prevent dehydration in the intense heat. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 43 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 43.
English reading
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Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words