English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 281 | subsequent | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: subsequent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. после́дующий 2. сле́дующий 3. дальне́йший | Subsequent experiments confirmed the first result. |
| 282 | regulation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. уста́в 2. пра́вило 3. регла́мент | The safety regulation requires workers to wear helmets. |
| 283 | devoted | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: devoted is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | посвящённый | The devoted nurse checked on every patient. |
| 284 | reflection | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | отраже́ние | The mirror formed an image through reflection. |
| 285 | demanding | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: demanding is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. тре́бующий уси́лий 2. напряжённый | Training for the long race was demanding. |
| 286 | temporary | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: temporary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. вре́менный 2. временный | A temporary bridge will carry pedestrians during repairs. |
| 287 | diameter | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: diameter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. диа́метр 2. попере́чник 3. диаметр | The plate's diameter is twice its radius. |
| 288 | adjust | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: adjust is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. настра́ивать 2. настро́ить 3. отрегули́ровать | Please adjust the microscope until the image is clear. |
| 289 | calculate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: calculate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. вычисля́ть 2. подсчита́ть 3. вы́числить | We calculate the total cost by adding the three prices. |
| 290 | evolution | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. эволю́ция 2. разви́тие 3. эволюция | Fossils provide evidence of evolution over long periods. |
| 291 | bond | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bond is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | связь | The city issued a bond to finance a new water system. |
| 292 | habitat | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: habitat is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | среда́ обита́ния | The marsh provides a habitat for frogs and herons. |
| 293 | monitor | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: monitor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. отсле́живать 2. отследи́ть 3. следи́ть | Sensors monitor the bridge for unusual movement. |
| 294 | frustration | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. разочарова́ние 2. неудовлетворённость 3. расстро́йство | Repeated computer errors caused understandable frustration. |
| 295 | experimental | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: experimental is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. о́пытный 2. эксперимента́льный | Our experimental probability changed as we repeated the toss. |
| 296 | assumption | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | Успение Богородицы | The experiment tested our assumption that all seeds need direct sunlight. |
| 297 | confuse | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: confuse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | сме́шивать | Similar street names can confuse visitors. |
| 298 | publication | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. обнаро́дование 2. опубликова́ние 3. публика́ция | The scientific publication requires every study to describe its methods. |
| 299 | vary | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | варьировать | Daily temperatures vary more in the desert than near the ocean. |
| 300 | verdict | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: verdict is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. пригово́р 2. реше́ние 3. верди́кт | After considering the evidence, the jury announced its verdict. |
| 301 | humidity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | вла́жность | High humidity made the warm day feel uncomfortable. |
| 302 | tension | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tension is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | натяже́ние | The locked door increases the tension as footsteps approach. |
| 303 | precision | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. то́чность 2. точность | Building the model requires precision because each piece must fit. |
| 304 | competitive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | конкурентоспосо́бный | The company submitted a competitive bid for the project. |
| 305 | workforce | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: workforce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. рабо́чая си́ла 2. трудовы́е ресу́рсы 3. штат | The factory expanded its workforce when orders increased. |
| 306 | foster | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: foster is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | поощря́ть | The exchange program aims to foster respect between the two communities. |
| 307 | mandatory | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mandatory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | обяза́тельный | Safety goggles are mandatory in the laboratory. |
| 308 | resemble | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resemble is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. походи́ть 2. напомина́ть 3. быть похожий | The cloud seemed to resemble a sailing ship. |
| 309 | hypothesis | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hypothesis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. гипо́теза 2. предположе́ние | Our hypothesis predicts that warmer water will dissolve sugar faster. |
| 310 | mathematical | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mathematical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. математи́ческий 2. математический | The puzzle requires mathematical reasoning rather than guessing. |
| 311 | prototype | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prototype is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. моде́ль 2. проо́браз 3. прототи́п | The engineers tested a cardboard prototype before using metal. |
| 312 | distinctive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 1. осо́бенный 2. осо́бый 3. типи́чный | The bird's distinctive call begins with three short notes. |
| 313 | sustainability | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ability forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action. | усто́йчивость | The farm improved sustainability by rebuilding the soil. |
| 314 | lunar | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lunar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. лу́нный 2. лунный | A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon. |
| 315 | simulation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. симуля́ция 2. притво́рство | The computer simulation predicts how traffic may flow. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words