English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Open the basic text version — works without JavaScript and is suitable for printing.
Your private study tools
Track your learning with My Vocabulary
Use the three small controls beside any word. Your choices stay attached to your account and appear in your My Vocabulary record.
- Star a difficult word to practise it again.
- Check a word when you have learned it.
- Add a note with a memory clue, synonym, or reminder.
These controls work during your free visits and save privately on this browser. Sign in to move them into your account’s My Vocabulary record.
| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1261 | interference | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. интерфере́нция 2. интерференция | Interference creates alternating bright and dark bands on the screen. |
| 1262 | cluster | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cluster is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | кла́стер | A cluster near the upper right appears in the scatter plot. |
| 1263 | projection | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | проекция | Every map projection distorts some combination of area, shape, or distance. |
| 1264 | exposition | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. вы́ставка 2. экспози́ция | The exposition explains why the family moved to the island. |
| 1265 | conditional | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: conditional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | усло́вный | The conditional sentence explains what will happen if the temperature falls. |
| 1266 | squared | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: squared is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. в кле́тку 2. в кле́точку | Five squared equals twenty-five. |
| 1267 | soar | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: soar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. взлета́ть 2. взлете́ть 3. взмыва́ть | The eagle began to soar above the canyon. |
| 1268 | gloomy | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gloomy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. мра́чный 2. угрю́мый 3. хму́рый | The gray sky gave the empty street a gloomy appearance. |
| 1269 | evade | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: evade is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. избега́ть 2. избежа́ть | The quick rabbit tried to evade the circling hawk. |
| 1270 | magma | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: magma is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. ла́ва 2. ма́гма 3. магма | Pressure forced magma upward through a crack. |
| 1271 | carefree | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: carefree is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. беззабо́тный 2. беспе́чный 3. легкомы́сленный | The children enjoyed a carefree afternoon beside the lake. |
| 1272 | structural | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: structural is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. структу́рный 2. структурный | The earthquake caused structural damage to two columns. |
| 1273 | consecutive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 1. после́довательный 2. консекути́вный | The river exceeded flood level for three consecutive days. |
| 1274 | advisory | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: advisory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | совеща́тельный | The weather agency issued an advisory notice about dangerous heat. |
| 1275 | doctrine | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: doctrine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. доктри́на 2. ве́ра 3. доктрина | The movement's doctrine emphasized nonviolent resistance. |
| 1276 | defendant | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: defendant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. обвиня́емый 2. обвиня́емая 3. отве́тчик | The defendant entered a plea at the hearing. |
| 1277 | neglected | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: neglected is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. забро́шенный 2. беспризо́рный 3. запу́щенный | Volunteers repaired the neglected playground. |
| 1278 | apparatus | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: apparatus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. аппара́т 2. аппарату́ра 3. обору́дование | The filtration apparatus includes a funnel, paper, and collection flask. |
| 1279 | reflective | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | отража́тельный | Her reflective journal considers what she learned from the failed trial. |
| 1280 | constituent | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: constituent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | избира́тель | Each constituent may write to the senator about the proposed law. |
| 1281 | hearty | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hearty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. оби́льный 2. сы́тный | The hikers ate a hearty stew after the long climb. |
| 1282 | underlying | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: underlying is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | фундаментальный | The physician treated the underlying infection rather than only the fever. |
| 1283 | compliance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. согла́сие 2. соотве́тствие | The audit confirmed compliance with workplace safety law. |
| 1284 | succession | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | последовательность | After the lava cools, ecological succession begins with lichens. |
| 1285 | memoir | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: memoir is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. мемуа́ры 2. воспомина́ния 3. воспоминание | In her memoir, the pilot recalls learning to navigate by the stars. |
| 1286 | continuity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. непреры́вность 2. непрерывность | Shared symbols create continuity between the novel's three sections. |
| 1287 | algebra | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: algebra is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. алгебра 2. а́лгебра | Algebra can express the same pattern for any input. |
| 1288 | parameter | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: parameter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. пара́метр 2. параметр | The program lets users change each parameter in the model. |
| 1289 | latitude | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: latitude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. широта́ 2. широта | Places at high latitude often have cold winters. |
| 1290 | adhere | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: adhere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. прикле́иваться 2. прикле́иться 3. прилипа́ть | The label will adhere better to a clean surface. |
| 1291 | scarcity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. нехва́тка 2. ску́дость 3. недоста́ток | Water scarcity forced the town to limit outdoor use. |
| 1292 | opaque | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: opaque is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. ма́товый 2. непрозра́чный | The opaque wall blocked all light from the next room. |
| 1293 | liability | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. обяза́тельство 2. долг 3. задо́лженность | The company accepted liability for the defective product. |
| 1294 | calculation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. вычисле́ние 2. исчисле́ние 3. расчёт | Check the calculation by estimating the result first. |
| 1295 | biased | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: biased is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. отклонённый 2. предубеждённый 3. пристра́стный | A biased question can distort survey results. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 37 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 37.
English reading
Reading passage is being prepared.
Russian translation
A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.
Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words