English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 981 | logical | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: logical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. логи́ческий 2. логический | The final conclusion is logical because each step follows from evidence. |
| 982 | immune | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: immune is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | свободный | An immune response targets a harmful pathogen. |
| 983 | conviction | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. убеждённость 2. убежде́ние | Her conviction that every child deserves books inspired the donation drive. |
| 984 | terrain | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: terrain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. ме́стность 2. релье́ф | The rocky terrain slowed the rescue vehicles. |
| 985 | aggregate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: aggregate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. масса 2. совокупность | The website can aggregate rainfall records from many weather stations. |
| 986 | jealousy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: jealousy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. за́висть 2. ре́вность 3. ревность | Jealousy made the character ignore her friend's success. |
| 987 | arrogant | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: arrogant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. высокоме́рный 2. гордели́вый 3. зано́счивый | The arrogant champion refused to congratulate the other team. |
| 988 | texture | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: texture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. строе́ние 2. структу́ра 3. тексту́ра | Thick brushstrokes give the painting a rough texture. |
| 989 | sanctuary | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sanctuary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. убе́жище 2. прибе́жище 3. прию́т | The wetland is a sanctuary for migrating birds. |
| 990 | solitary | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: solitary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. отше́льник 2. затво́рник 3. одиночный | A solitary lighthouse stood on the rocky island. |
| 991 | anticipate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: anticipate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | предви́деть | Farmers anticipate frost when the temperature drops sharply. |
| 992 | linear | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: linear is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. лине́йный 2. линейный | A linear relationship adds the same amount at each step. |
| 993 | journalism | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice. | 1. журнали́стика 2. журналистика | Responsible journalism separates confirmed facts from speculation. |
| 994 | velocity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. ско́рость 2. быстрота́ | The boat's velocity changed when it turned east. |
| 995 | inequality | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | нера́венство | The inequality x > 7 represents all numbers greater than seven. |
| 996 | miniature | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: miniature is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | миниатю́рный | The exhibit included a miniature model of the castle. |
| 997 | atom | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: atom is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. а́том 2. атом | An atom contains a nucleus surrounded by electrons. |
| 998 | eruption | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. взрыв 2. извержение | The eruption sent a cloud of ash into the sky. |
| 999 | throne | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: throne is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. трон 2. престо́л | The prince renounced the throne and left the kingdom. |
| 1000 | refuge | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: refuge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. убе́жище 2. укры́тие | The cave offered refuge from the sudden hailstorm. |
| 1001 | accountability | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ability forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action. | компетентность | Public reports create accountability for how the funds are spent. |
| 1002 | respectful | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: respectful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. почти́тельный 2. уважи́тельный | A respectful listener does not interrupt. |
| 1003 | pedestrian | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pedestrian is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. пешехо́д 2. пе́шая 3. пе́ший | The driver stopped to let a pedestrian cross the street. |
| 1004 | friction | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. си́ла тре́ния 2. трение | Friction between the tires and road helps the bicycle stop. |
| 1005 | hardware | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hardware is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. аппарату́ра 2. хардве́р 3. аппара́тное обеспече́ние | The keyboard and monitor are computer hardware. |
| 1006 | nutrition | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. пита́ние 2. питание | Balanced nutrition supplies energy and essential nutrients. |
| 1007 | hurricane | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hurricane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. урага́н 2. ураган | The hurricane strengthened before reaching the coast. |
| 1008 | discretion | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | прозорли́вость | The guide used discretion and canceled the hike as clouds darkened. |
| 1009 | advocacy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: advocacy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. защи́та 2. засту́пничество | Her advocacy helped the town build safer sidewalks. |
| 1010 | irregular | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: irregular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. непра́вильный 2. неправильный | The stone has an irregular shape with five uneven sides. |
| 1011 | comprehend | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: comprehend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. понима́ть 2. постигать 3. осознать | The timeline helped us comprehend the order of historical events. |
| 1012 | meter | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: meter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. разме́р 2. ритм | The steady meter resembles the beat of marching feet. |
| 1013 | solidarity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. солида́рность 2. солидарность | The march expressed solidarity with families displaced by the flood. |
| 1014 | cellular | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cellular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. кле́точный 2. клеточный | The microscope revealed damage at the cellular level. |
| 1015 | trait | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: trait is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. осо́бенность 2. прису́щее 3. черта́ | Patience is a useful trait for a careful scientist. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
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Vocabulary chart page
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words