English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 631 | underground | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: underground is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. под земля 2. подзе́мный | The mole dug an underground tunnel. |
| 632 | democracy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -cracy relates to rule or a system of government. | 1. демокра́тия 2. народовла́стие 3. демократия | In a democracy, citizens vote in elections. |
| 633 | relation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. отноше́ние 2. зави́симость 3. связь | The graph shows the relation between rainfall and plant growth. |
| 634 | equivalent | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: equivalent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. равноце́нный 2. эквивале́нтный | Two quarters are equivalent to one half. |
| 635 | involvement | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result. | 1. прича́стность 2. уча́стие 3. заме́шанность | Parent involvement helped the community garden succeed. |
| 636 | succeed | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: succeed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. преуспе́ть 2. достига́ть це́ли 3. дости́чь це́ли | With patience and practice, the team can succeed. |
| 637 | awkward | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: awkward is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. нело́вкий 2. неуклю́жий | The long package was awkward to carry through the doorway. |
| 638 | union | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: union is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. сою́з 2. соедине́ние 3. объедине́ние | Leaders debated how to preserve the union. |
| 639 | mature | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mature is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. зре́лый 2. взро́слый 3. развито́й | Green tomatoes mature more quickly in warm sunlight. |
| 640 | loss | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: loss is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. поте́ря 2. убы́ток 3. потеря | The shop reported a loss after repairs cost more than monthly sales. |
| 641 | circuit | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: circuit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | цепь | The bulb lights when the circuit is closed. |
| 642 | frequent | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: frequent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. ча́сто посеща́ть 2. захаживать 3. части́ть | Frequent rain keeps the forest floor damp. |
| 643 | moral | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: moral is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. мора́льный 2. нравоучи́тельный 3. назида́тельный | The fable's moral warns readers not to be greedy. |
| 644 | venture | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: venture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. рискова́ть 2. рискованный 3. риско́ванное начина́ние | Opening a weekend craft stall was a new venture for Maya. |
| 645 | considerable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action. | значи́тельный | Repairing the roof required considerable time and effort. |
| 646 | wage | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: wage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. за́работная пла́та 2. зарпла́та 3. за́работок | The farm pays each worker an hourly wage. |
| 647 | producer | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: producer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. продю́сер 2. производитель | Grass is a producer that uses sunlight to make food. |
| 648 | noble | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: noble is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. благоро́дный 2. дворянский | Returning the lost wallet was a noble act. |
| 649 | electricity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. электри́чество 2. электричество | The wind turbine generates electricity. |
| 650 | permit | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: permit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. позволя́ть 2. позво́лить 3. разреша́ть | Park rules permit bicycles only on marked paths. |
| 651 | amateur | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: amateur is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. люби́тель 2. люби́тельница 3. дилета́нт | The amateur photographer captured a remarkable rainbow. |
| 652 | accidentally | adverb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs. | 1. ненаме́ренно 2. случа́йно | I accidentally spilled water on the drawing. |
| 653 | association | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. объедине́ние 2. соедине́ние | The scatter plot suggests a positive association between temperature and ice-cream sales. |
| 654 | relevant | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: relevant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. соотве́тствующий 2. уме́стный 3. релева́нтный | Include only relevant details in the summary. |
| 655 | medium | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: medium is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | среда́ | Clay was the sculptor's chosen medium. |
| 656 | draft | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: draft is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | чернови́к | Her first draft contains strong ideas but needs clearer organization. |
| 657 | alliance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. сою́з 2. алья́нс | The two nations formed an alliance for mutual defense. |
| 658 | resist | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resist is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. ока́зывать сопротивле́ние 2. оказа́ть сопротивле́ние | The strong roof can resist heavy wind. |
| 659 | aside | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: aside is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. в сто́рону 2. в стороне́ 3. поо́даль | In an aside, the actor revealed the villain's secret plan. |
| 660 | proud | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: proud is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. го́рдый 2. гордый | The volunteers felt proud of the garden they had restored. |
| 661 | occasion | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. возмо́жность 2. собы́тие 3. по́вод | The family saved the decorated dishes for a special occasion. |
| 662 | angle | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: angle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. у́гол 2. угол | A right angle measures ninety degrees. |
| 663 | amendment | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result. | 1. попра́вка 2. измене́ние | The amendment added a new protection to the constitution. |
| 664 | physician | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: physician is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. врач 2. врачи́ха 3. до́ктор | The physician listened carefully to the patient's heartbeat. |
| 665 | patient | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: patient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. терпели́вый 2. терпеливый | A patient instructor explained the process again. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words