English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1191 | dissolve | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dissolve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 녹다 2. 용해되다 | Salt will dissolve more quickly in warm water. |
| 1192 | prevention | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 방지 2. 예방 3. 방재 | Vaccination is an important form of disease prevention. |
| 1193 | socialism | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice. | 1. 사회주의(社會主義) 2. 사회주의 | The party promoted democratic socialism through elections. |
| 1194 | metric | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: metric is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 미터법의 2. 미터계의 | The metric unit for liquid volume is the liter. |
| 1195 | geometry | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: geometry is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 기하학(幾何學) 2. 기하학 | Geometry helps architects calculate angles and areas. |
| 1196 | credibility | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ibility forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action. | 1. 신빙 2. 신뢰도 | Citations and transparent methods increase a report's credibility. |
| 1197 | unanimous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | 만장일치(滿場一致) | The jury reached a unanimous decision. |
| 1198 | sensory | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sensory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 감각 | Sensory details describe the bread's warm scent and crisp crust. |
| 1199 | rigorous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | 1. 엄격한 2. 철저한 | The medicine passed a rigorous series of safety tests. |
| 1200 | avalanche | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: avalanche is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 눈사태(沙汰) 2. 설붕(雪崩) | The avalanche blocked the road through the mountain pass. |
| 1201 | shabby | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: shabby is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 낡고 허름한 2. 허름한 | Fresh paint improved the shabby wooden fence. |
| 1202 | unstable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action. | 불안정한 | The cracked slope became unstable after heavy rain. |
| 1203 | surplus | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: surplus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 여분 2. 과잉 3. 흑자 | A food surplus allowed some workers to specialize in other trades. |
| 1204 | renaissance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 르네상스 | The Harlem Renaissance transformed American literature, music, and art. |
| 1205 | consult | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: consult is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 찾다 | The builders consult an engineer before altering the support beam. |
| 1206 | scope | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: scope is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 스코프 2. 레인지 3. 폭 | The paper narrows its scope to public transportation in three coastal cities. |
| 1207 | acquisition | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 획득(獲得) 2. 획득 3. 취득 | Regular conversation supports the acquisition of a new language. |
| 1208 | prosecution | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 소추 2. 검찰 3. 공소 | The prosecution introduced evidence connecting the suspect to the theft. |
| 1209 | nonprofit | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Prefix focus: non- means not or without. | 비영리 단체(非營利團體) | The nonprofit restored the historic theater. |
| 1210 | lethal | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lethal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 치명적-이다 2. 치사의 | Even a small dose of the chemical can be lethal to fish. |
| 1211 | judiciary | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: judiciary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 사법부 2. 사법 | An independent judiciary can limit abuses of power. |
| 1212 | hardy | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hardy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 튼튼한 | The hardy shrub survives cold winds and poor soil. |
| 1213 | correlation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 상관관계 | A correlation does not by itself prove that one variable causes the other. |
| 1214 | tangible | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected. | 명백한 | The repaired roof was tangible evidence of the volunteers' work. |
| 1215 | inventive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 창의적인 | The inventive student designed a rain catcher from bottles. |
| 1216 | orientation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 방향 2. 꼭짓점 배열 방향 | A reflection reverses a polygon's orientation. |
| 1217 | exceptional | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exceptional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 뛰어난 2. 비범한 | Her exceptional memory allowed her to recite the entire speech. |
| 1218 | recession | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 불황 2. 경기 침체 | During the recession, many businesses reduced hiring. |
| 1219 | mock | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mock is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 비웃다 | The bullies mock the new student's accent until a friend intervenes. |
| 1220 | censorship | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: censorship is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 검열 | Government censorship prevented the newspaper from reporting the protest. |
| 1221 | satire | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: satire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 풍자 | The play uses satire to expose the mayor's vanity. |
| 1222 | posture | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: posture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 자세 2. 체위 3. 태세 | Good posture keeps the screen near eye level and the shoulders relaxed. |
| 1223 | wavelength | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: wavelength is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 파장(波長) 2. 파장 | Red light has a longer wavelength than violet light. |
| 1224 | thunderstorm | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: thunderstorm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 뇌우 | The thunderstorm moved east before midnight. |
| 1225 | echo | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: echo is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 메아리 2. 에코 3. 산울림 | The shout returned as an echo from the canyon wall. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words