English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1156 | exotic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exotic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 외래의 2. 외국산의 | The greenhouse protects exotic plants from the winter cold. |
| 1157 | hazardous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | 위험한 | Workers wear protective clothing around hazardous chemicals. |
| 1158 | diplomacy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: diplomacy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 외교(外交) 2. 외교 | Diplomacy prevented the border dispute from becoming a war. |
| 1159 | analogy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: analogy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 유추 2. 비유 | The teacher used an analogy between the heart and a pump. |
| 1160 | ample | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ample is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 충분한 | The wide shelf provides ample space for the collection. |
| 1161 | trustworthy | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: trustworthy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 신뢰할 수 있는 | A trustworthy guide admits when a route is uncertain. |
| 1162 | symmetry | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: symmetry is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 대칭성 2. 대칭 | The butterfly's wings show approximate symmetry. |
| 1163 | prohibit | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prohibit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 금하다 | The signs prohibit swimming near the waterfall. |
| 1164 | parasite | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: parasite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 기생충(寄生蟲) 2. 기생물(寄生物) 3. 기생식물(寄生植物) | A tick is a parasite that feeds on an animal's blood. |
| 1165 | nutrient | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: nutrient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 영양소(營養素) 2. 영양소 3. 양분 | Iron is a nutrient that helps blood carry oxygen. |
| 1166 | dedicate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dedicate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 바치다 | The volunteers dedicate each Saturday to restoring the trail. |
| 1167 | quarrel | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: quarrel is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 시비 2. 다툼 3. 말다툼 | The friends ended their quarrel by listening to each other. |
| 1168 | declaration | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 공언 2. 성명서 3. 성명 | The delegates issued a declaration explaining their decision to seek independence. |
| 1169 | slope | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: slope is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 기울기 | The line's slope is two because y rises two units for every unit of x. |
| 1170 | persistent | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: persistent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 끈질기다 | Her persistent questions uncovered the accounting error. |
| 1171 | elevation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 고도 2. 해발고도 | The mountain town has an elevation of two thousand meters. |
| 1172 | drought | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: drought is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 가뭄 2. 한발 | The drought lowered reservoirs and damaged crops. |
| 1173 | chorus | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: chorus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 후렴(後斂) 2. 리프레인 3. 제창 | The chorus comments on events that the main characters cannot see. |
| 1174 | verification | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 검증 2. 증명 3. 입증 | Image verification showed that the photograph came from an older event. |
| 1175 | delegate | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: delegate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 대표 2. 대표자 3. 대의원 | Each school sent a delegate to the youth council. |
| 1176 | chronicle | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: chronicle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 크로니클 2. 연대기 | The monk's chronicle describes several years of drought. |
| 1177 | bland | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bland is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 싱겁다 2. 밋밋하다 | The soup tasted bland until we added herbs. |
| 1178 | daycare | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: daycare is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 어린이집 | My little cousin attends daycare near her mother's office. |
| 1179 | attentive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 1. 주의 깊은 2. 집중하는 | The attentive audience heard every detail of the speech. |
| 1180 | loop | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: loop is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 반복문 2. 루프 | The loop processes every item in the list. |
| 1181 | interaction | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 상호작용(相互作用) 2. 교류 | The medication can cause a harmful interaction with grapefruit. |
| 1182 | heir | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: heir is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 상속인(相續人) 2. 계승자(繼承者) 3. 후계자 | The missing heir returns just before the estate is sold. |
| 1183 | biography | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: biography is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 전기(傳記) 2. 열전 3. 평전 | The biography traces the scientist's work from childhood experiments to major discoveries. |
| 1184 | retrieve | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: retrieve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 건지다 | The dog can retrieve the ball from the shallow pond. |
| 1185 | manipulate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: manipulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 주무르다 | The operator can manipulate the robotic arm with a joystick. |
| 1186 | invasive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 1. 침입성의 2. 생태계를 교란하는 | The invasive vine covered trees and blocked sunlight. |
| 1187 | hemisphere | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hemisphere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 반구(半球) 2. 반구 | Australia lies mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. |
| 1188 | allegiance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. 충성 2. 충성심 | The knight promised allegiance to the new queen. |
| 1189 | mimic | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mimic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 모방하다 | The parrot can mimic the sound of a ringing phone. |
| 1190 | forgiving | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: forgiving is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 너그럽게 용서하는 2. 관대한 | Her forgiving response allowed the friends to begin again. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
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Review five selected words from page 34.
English reading
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Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words