English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1121 | spatial | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: spatial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 공간적(空間的) 2. 공간-의 | A floor plan shows the spatial relationship among rooms. |
| 1122 | plentiful | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: plentiful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 풍족 2. 풍부하다 3. 풍성하다 | Wild berries are plentiful in the valley during summer. |
| 1123 | documentation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 증빙 서류 2. 문서 자료 | The application requires documentation of the volunteer hours. |
| 1124 | specification | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 사양 2. 스펙 3. 규격 | The ramp must meet the safety specification for maximum slope. |
| 1125 | summon | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: summon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 불러들이다 | The captain will summon the crew when the ship is ready. |
| 1126 | luxurious | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | 호화(豪華) | The hotel offered a luxurious room overlooking the harbor. |
| 1127 | impatient | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: impatient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 참을성 없는 2. 조급한 | The impatient customer kept checking the clock. |
| 1128 | hesitation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 주춤 2. 주저 3. 망설임 | After a moment of hesitation, Priya stepped onto the stage. |
| 1129 | compassionate | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compassionate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 인정 많은 | The compassionate doctor listened carefully to the frightened child. |
| 1130 | sober | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sober is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 냉철한 | The report offers a sober assessment of the recovery costs. |
| 1131 | oppose | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: oppose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 반대하다 | Several residents oppose the highway because it would divide the wetland. |
| 1132 | idol | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: idol is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 우상(偶像) 2. 아이돌 3. 우상 | The novel questions whether a famous athlete should become an unquestioned idol. |
| 1133 | generator | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: generator is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 발전기(發電機) 2. 발전기 3. 발생기 | The bicycle generator powers the headlamp. |
| 1134 | endurance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. 지구력 2. 인내력 | Swimming regularly improved her endurance. |
| 1135 | haven | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: haven is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 안식처 | The sheltered bay became a haven for boats during the storm. |
| 1136 | norm | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: norm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 표준 2. 규범 | Greeting visitors politely is a social norm in many communities. |
| 1137 | quantitative | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 양적 | The graph presents quantitative data from five years of rainfall. |
| 1138 | dilemma | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dilemma is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 딜레마 2. 곤경 3. 궁지 | The character faces a dilemma when honesty may hurt her friend. |
| 1139 | acceleration | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 가속도 2. 가속 | The bicycle's acceleration increased as the rider pedaled harder. |
| 1140 | fungus | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fungus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 곰팡이 2. 균 | The damp log was covered by a pale fungus. |
| 1141 | blizzard | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: blizzard is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 눈보라 2. 블리자드 3. 폭설 | The blizzard buried the road beneath deep snow. |
| 1142 | frantic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: frantic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 미친 듯이 서두르는 2. 다급한 | The frantic search ended when we found the puppy asleep. |
| 1143 | legislative | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 입법 | The bill entered the legislative process. |
| 1144 | pi | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pi is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 원주율 2. 파이 | Use pi to calculate the circumference from the diameter. |
| 1145 | competent | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: competent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 능숙한 | A competent editor checks facts as well as grammar. |
| 1146 | strive | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: strive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 노력하다 2. 애쓰다 3. 힘쓰다 | The athletes strive to improve their times each week. |
| 1147 | onset | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: onset is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 시작 2. 개시 | At the onset of winter, the lake begins to freeze. |
| 1148 | caption | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: caption is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 표제 | The caption identifies the people in the historical photograph. |
| 1149 | dishonest | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dishonest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 부정직하다 | The dishonest player secretly changed the score. |
| 1150 | implementation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 이행(履行) 2. 실행 3. 구현 | Training began before implementation of the new safety policy. |
| 1151 | editorial | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: editorial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 사설 | The newspaper's editorial argues for safer bicycle lanes. |
| 1152 | bankruptcy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bankruptcy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 파산 | Bankruptcy allowed the company to reorganize what it owed. |
| 1153 | suburban | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: suburban is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 교외의 | A new rail line connected the suburban community to downtown. |
| 1154 | optional | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: optional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 선택적인 2. 선택 사항인 | The extra research question is optional. |
| 1155 | genocide | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: genocide is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 집단 학살 2. 제노사이드 | The museum documents the genocide through survivor testimony. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 33 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 33.
English reading
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Vocabulary chart page
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words