English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta

TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary

This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.

A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.

Open the basic text version — works without JavaScript and is suitable for printing.

Your private study tools

Track your learning with My Vocabulary

Use the three small controls beside any word. Your choices stay attached to your account and appear in your My Vocabulary record.

Star a difficult word to practise it again.
Check a word when you have learned it.
Add a note with a memory clue, synonym, or reminder.

These controls work during your free visits and save privately on this browser. Sign in to move them into your account’s My Vocabulary record.

Printable study sheet

Create a PDF worksheet

Choose any start-to-end page range and meaning language, then include or omit each practice section.

Start page End page Meaning language

Include practice sections Reading passage Comprehension questions Existing cloze MCQs

Words 71–105 of 1600
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
71	cell	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cell is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 세포(細胞) 2. 셀 3. 세포	A microscope can reveal the structure of a plant cell.
72	heading	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: heading is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 표제(標題) 2. 제목(題目) 3. 제목	The heading tells readers that the next section concerns migration.
73	insert	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: insert is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 삽입하다 2. 넣다 3. 끼우다	Insert the card into the slot with the arrow facing up.
74	energy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: energy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 에너지 2. 기운 3. 기	Food provides energy for the body.
75	complex	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: complex is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	복잡하다	The complex machine uses dozens of gears to keep time.
76	affect	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: affect is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 영향을 미치다 2. 변화를 주다	A long drought can affect the price of vegetables.
77	opportunity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. 기회(機會) 2. 찬스 3. 기회	The science fair gave us an opportunity to test our invention.
78	request	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: request is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 요청 2. 부탁	The librarian approved our request for more study time.
79	recognize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	1. 알아보다 2. 알아주다	I recognize the bird by its bright orange wings.
80	purpose	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: purpose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 목적 2. 의도	The article's purpose is to explain how vaccines train the immune system.
81	major	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: major is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 주요한 2. 중대한	Repairing the bridge was a major project for the town.
82	recent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: recent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	최근	A recent snowfall covered the mountain peak.
83	effective	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	효과적인	The new filter is effective at removing lead.
84	ancestor	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ancestor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 조상 2. 선조 3. 시조	My ancestor kept a journal during her journey across the ocean.
85	requirement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. 요건 2. 요구사항 3. 소요	A laboratory report is a graduation requirement.
86	paradox	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: paradox is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 모순(矛盾) 2. 자가당착(自家撞着) 3. 역설	“Less is more” is a paradox about the power of simplicity.
87	movement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. 이동 2. 움직임	The camera recorded the slow movement of the glacier.
88	range	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: range is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 레인지 2. 폭 3. 범위	The range of four, seven, and twelve is eight.
89	factor	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: factor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 요인 2. 팩터 3. 요소	Daily sunlight is an important factor in plant growth.
90	price	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: price is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 값 2. 가격(價格) 3. 가격	A shortage of oranges caused the price of juice to rise.
91	separate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: separate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 분리하다 2. 나누다	A mesh screen can separate large stones from fine soil.
92	satisfaction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. 만족 2. 충족 3. 만족감	Completing the mural gave the artists great satisfaction.
93	adapt	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: adapt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	익숙해지다	Desert plants adapt to dry conditions by storing water.
94	basic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: basic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	기초의	Clean water is a basic need for every community.
95	surface	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: surface is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 표면 2. 수면	A thin sheet of ice covered the pond's surface.
96	art	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: art is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 예술 2. 미술	Public art can preserve community memory.
97	essential	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: essential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	필수적인	Sunlight is essential for most plants to grow.
98	strategy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: strategy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 전략 2. 작전 3. 전술	Checking headings first is a useful reading strategy.
99	contract	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: contract is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 수축하다 2. 오그라들다	Metal may contract when its temperature drops.
100	organization	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	1. 구성 2. 체계적 배열	Clear organization guides readers from the problem to the proposed solution.
101	inspire	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inspire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	불어넣다	The astronaut's visit may inspire students to study science.
102	enhance	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: enhance is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	향상시키다	A labeled map can enhance the report.
103	salary	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: salary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 급료(給料) 2. 봉급(俸給) 3. 임금(賃金)	The job offer includes an annual salary and health benefits.
104	rights	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rights is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 권리 2. 권익 3. 인권	The law protects the rights of every voter.
105	necessary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: necessary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	필요하다	A helmet is necessary for safe rock climbing.

Vocabulary reading and practice

Page 3 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 3.

Vocabulary quiz

Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.

JavaScript is unavailable. The word list, language links, page links, reading, and answer-reveal questions above still work as ordinary HTML. Use the Basic text version to display the complete level on one page.

About this cross-exam English set

TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.

The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.

ETS TOEFL test overview

Sources and curriculum references

These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.

TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary

Track your learning with My Vocabulary

Create a PDF worksheet

Page 3 vocabulary review

English reading

Korean translation

Vocabulary quiz

Vocabulary chart page

Website | 웹사이트

Address | 주소

Email | 이메일