English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 911 | discomfort | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: discomfort is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 불편 2. 불쾌 3. 불쾌감 | The new shoes caused discomfort during the long walk. |
| 912 | conversion | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 변환 2. 전환 3. 전향 | The conversion from meters to centimeters multiplies the value by one hundred. |
| 913 | authentic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: authentic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 진정하다 2. 진짜의 | The museum displayed an authentic letter signed by the explorer. |
| 914 | tolerate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tolerate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 참는다 | These plants can tolerate a few nights of cold weather. |
| 915 | sincere | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sincere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 진솔하다 | Her sincere apology helped repair the friendship. |
| 916 | enthusiastic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: enthusiastic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 열광적인 2. 열성의 | The enthusiastic volunteers arrived early with extra supplies. |
| 917 | pitch | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pitch is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 음높이 2. 피치 | A faster vibration produces a higher pitch. |
| 918 | supplement | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: supplement is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 보태다 | The teacher will supplement the article with a short video. |
| 919 | orbit | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: orbit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 궤도(軌道) 2. 궤도 | The satellite completes one orbit every ninety minutes. |
| 920 | thoughtful | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: thoughtful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 사려 깊은 2. 생각이 깊은 | Her thoughtful question helped the speaker explain the issue. |
| 921 | plead | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: plead is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 간청하다 | The lost hikers plead for help over the radio. |
| 922 | inspect | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inspect is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 검사하다 | A mechanic will inspect the brakes before the trip. |
| 923 | unemployment | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result. | 1. 실업 2. 무직 | The factory closure caused unemployment to rise. |
| 924 | inclusion | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 포함 2. 망라 3. 포괄 | The ramp improved inclusion by making the stage accessible. |
| 925 | flexibility | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ibility forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action. | 유연성 | Gentle stretching can improve flexibility. |
| 926 | algorithm | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: algorithm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 알고리즘 | The search engine uses an algorithm to rank results. |
| 927 | pardon | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pardon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 용서하다 2. 사면하다 | The governor may pardon a prisoner after reviewing the case. |
| 928 | despair | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: despair is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 절망(絶望) 2. 절망 3. 낙담 | The stranded sailors felt despair when the radio stopped working. |
| 929 | deliberate | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: deliberate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 고의의 | Her deliberate choice of strong evidence improved the argument. |
| 930 | generosity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. 관대 2. 인심 3. 관용 | The shelter thanked the town for its generosity. |
| 931 | blossom | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: blossom is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 피다 2. 피어나다 | The apple trees blossom when warm weather returns. |
| 932 | assembly | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assembly is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 어셈블리 2. 조립 3. 집합 | Final assembly of the bicycle occurs after the frame is painted. |
| 933 | civilization | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming. | 1. 문명(文明) 2. 문물 3. 문명 | The river supported a civilization of farmers and traders. |
| 934 | reluctant | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reluctant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 꺼리는 2. 마지못한 | The reluctant puppy stopped at the edge of the water. |
| 935 | narrator | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: narrator is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 이야기꾼 2. 내레이터 | The narrator knows what every character is thinking. |
| 936 | interpret | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: interpret is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 해석-하다 | Students interpret the graph by comparing the heights of its bars. |
| 937 | glimpse | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: glimpse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 일견 | We caught a glimpse of the fox before it vanished. |
| 938 | weary | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: weary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 지친 2. 고단한 | The weary runners rested beneath a shady tree. |
| 939 | spectacle | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: spectacle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 광경 2. 정경 | The meteor shower was a brilliant spectacle. |
| 940 | elite | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: elite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 엘리트 2. 정예 | Only the elite of the sport qualify for the final race. |
| 941 | acute | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: acute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 심각한 2. 극심한 | The village faced an acute shortage of medicine. |
| 942 | restrict | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: restrict is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 제한하다 | Park rules restrict campfires during dry weather. |
| 943 | conductor | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: conductor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 도체 | Copper is a good conductor of electricity. |
| 944 | restless | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: restless is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 안절부절못하는 2. 가만있지 못하는 | The restless horse paced around the stable. |
| 945 | meadow | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: meadow is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 들 2. 초지(草地) | Butterflies drifted across the sunny meadow. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 27 vocabulary review
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English reading
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Vocabulary quiz
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Vocabulary chart page
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words