English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 771 | rough | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rough is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 거칠다 2. 거친 | The rough stone can scratch polished wood. |
| 772 | contemporary | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: contemporary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 당대의 2. 동시대의 | Contemporary accounts describe how residents experienced the flood. |
| 773 | framework | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: framework is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 골격 2. 뼈대 3. 틀거리 | The outline provides a framework for the research paper. |
| 774 | eligible | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected. | 1. 적격(適格)-의 2. 적임(適任)-의 | Students who complete the course are eligible for the certificate. |
| 775 | anxious | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | 불안해하는 | Dev felt anxious while waiting for news about the missing dog. |
| 776 | destructive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 파괴적 | The destructive storm tore branches from several trees. |
| 777 | collaboration | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 콜라보레이션 2. 콜라보 3. 협업(協業) | The mural required collaboration among artists, students, and residents. |
| 778 | myth | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: myth is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 신화(神話) 2. 신화 | The ancient myth tells how the stars reached the sky. |
| 779 | basin | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: basin is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 유역 2. 집수역 | Rain from the entire basin flows toward the main river. |
| 780 | pointless | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pointless is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 무의미한 | Arguing about a finished game would be pointless. |
| 781 | adjustment | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result. | 1. 조정(調整) 2. 조절(調節) 3. 조정 | One adjustment made the telescope image clearer. |
| 782 | immigration | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 이민 2. 이주 유입 | Immigration changed the city's languages, foods, and industries. |
| 783 | margin | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: margin is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 격차 2. 차이 | The team won by a margin of three points. |
| 784 | dispute | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dispute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 따지다 | Several historians dispute the traditional account of the voyage. |
| 785 | reign | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reign is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 치세(治世) 2. 통치기간(統治期間) 3. 재위(在位) | The palace was expanded during the queen's reign. |
| 786 | miserable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action. | 1. 비참한 2. 몹시 괴로운 | The soaked hikers felt miserable in the cold wind. |
| 787 | poverty | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: poverty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 가난 2. 빈곤 | The relief program seeks to reduce childhood poverty. |
| 788 | offensive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 1. 모욕적인 2. 불쾌감을 주는 | The editor removed an offensive stereotype from the advertisement. |
| 789 | gear | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gear is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 기어 2. 톱니바퀴 | The smaller gear turns faster than the larger gear. |
| 790 | controversy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: controversy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 물의 2. 논란 3. 논쟁 | The proposal created controversy among residents. |
| 791 | tolerance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. 용인 2. 용납 3. 포용 | A respectful community practices tolerance toward different traditions. |
| 792 | assure | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 확언하다 2. 안심시키다 | The coach tried to assure the team that their preparation was strong. |
| 793 | prompt | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prompt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 글쓰기 주제 2. 작성 지시문 | Read the writing prompt before planning your response. |
| 794 | fragile | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fragile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 깨지기 쉬운 2. 부서지기 쉬운 | The fragile shell cracked when it fell. |
| 795 | antique | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: antique is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 골동품 2. 골동 | The antique clock still chimed every hour. |
| 796 | protest | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: protest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 항의(抗議) 2. 항의 3. 항변 | The peaceful protest called for safer working conditions. |
| 797 | formula | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: formula is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 공식 | The formula gives the area of a triangle. |
| 798 | acid | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: acid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 산 | Lemon juice contains an acid called citric acid. |
| 799 | inquiry | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inquiry is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 탐구 2. 문의 3. 물음 | The class began an inquiry into the river's changing water level. |
| 800 | withdraw | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: withdraw is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 취소하다 2. 제거하다 3. 물러가다 | The injured runner had to withdraw from the race. |
| 801 | ignorant | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ignorant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 무지하다 2. 무식하다 3. 무학하다 | We were ignorant of the trail closure until we saw the sign. |
| 802 | graph | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: graph is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 그래프 2. 차트 3. 도표 | The graph shows how temperature changed during the day. |
| 803 | adequate | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: adequate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 충분한 | The hikers carried an adequate supply of water for the afternoon. |
| 804 | accomplish | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: accomplish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 이루다 2. 해내다 | Careful planning helped the volunteers accomplish their goal before sunset. |
| 805 | legend | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: legend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 전설(傳說) 2. 레전드 3. 신화 | According to the local legend, a hidden bell rings before a storm. |
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words