English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 701 | estimate | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: estimate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 추정치 2. 어림값 | Our estimate placed the crowd at about five hundred people. |
| 702 | suspicious | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | 의심스러운 | A suspicious noise came from the locked room. |
| 703 | consistent | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: consistent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 일관된 | Her measurements were consistent across all three trials. |
| 704 | tragic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tragic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 비극적인 2. 슬픈 | The museum tells the tragic story of the lost expedition. |
| 705 | era | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: era is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 시대(時代) 2. 기원(紀元) 3. 시대 | The invention marked the beginning of a new era in communication. |
| 706 | drama | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: drama is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 미드 2. 극 3. 희곡 | The drama reveals its conflict through dialogue and stage directions. |
| 707 | parallel | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: parallel is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 평행-의 | Opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel. |
| 708 | strike | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: strike is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 파업(罷業) 2. 스트라이크 3. 파업 | The strike ended after employers agreed to negotiate. |
| 709 | spectrum | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: spectrum is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 분광(分光) 2. 스펙트럼 | A prism separates white light into a spectrum. |
| 710 | guardian | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: guardian is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 보호자(保護者) 2. 가디언 3. 수호자 | Her guardian signed the permission form for the trip. |
| 711 | subscription | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 구독 2. 가입 3. 청약 | Our library has a subscription to a science magazine. |
| 712 | shout | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: shout is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 외치다 2. 소리치다 3. 지르다 | Do not shout near animals that frighten easily. |
| 713 | ballot | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ballot is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 투표용지(投票用紙) 2. 투표지(投票紙) 3. 투표 | Each voter marked one choice on the ballot. |
| 714 | identity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. 정체성 2. 아이덴티티 | Language became an important part of the community's identity. |
| 715 | revenue | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: revenue is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 수입(收入) 2. 수익(收益) 3. 매출 | Ticket revenue pays for museum conservation. |
| 716 | mixed | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mixed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 대분수의 | The mixed number two and one third equals seven thirds. |
| 717 | jealous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | 부럽다 | Nia felt jealous when her friend won the solo. |
| 718 | export | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: export is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 수출(輸出)하다 2. 내보내다 | Local farms export coffee to markets overseas. |
| 719 | integrity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. 지조 2. 절개 3. 청렴 | Returning the extra change showed Carlos's integrity. |
| 720 | abandon | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: abandon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 방치(放置)하다 2. 기치(棄置)하다 3. 버리다 | The crew had to abandon the damaged boat. |
| 721 | root | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: root is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 뿌리 2. 견 3. 근본 | The root “spect” relates to looking or seeing. |
| 722 | statistics | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: statistics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 통계학 2. 통계 | Statistics can reveal patterns that individual values do not show. |
| 723 | pollution | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 오염(汚染) 2. 오염 3. 공해 | Air pollution can make breathing difficult. |
| 724 | patience | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. 인내심 2. 참을성 3. 인내 | Growing a garden requires patience because seeds develop slowly. |
| 725 | rural | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rural is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 시골의 2. 마을의 | The rural clinic serves farms spread across a large county. |
| 726 | gender | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gender is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 젠더 2. 성별 3. 성 | Ideas about gender roles vary across societies and time. |
| 727 | insult | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: insult is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 모욕(侮辱) 2. 욕설 3. 욕 | Calling someone's careful work useless is an insult. |
| 728 | valid | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: valid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 유효하다 2. 유효(有效) | The experiment needs a control group to produce a valid comparison. |
| 729 | tropical | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tropical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 열대의 | Colorful parrots live in the tropical forest. |
| 730 | mixture | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mixture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 혼합 2. 믹스 3. 혼합물 | Trail mix is a mixture whose ingredients remain separate. |
| 731 | compound | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compound is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 화합물 | Water is a compound made from hydrogen and oxygen. |
| 732 | prey | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prey is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 먹이 2. 포획물(捕獲物) 3. 수렵물(狩獵物) | The mouse hid from the owl that hunted it as prey. |
| 733 | manufacture | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: manufacture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 제조하다 2. 생산하다 3. 만들다 | The factory will manufacture bicycles from recycled metal. |
| 734 | furious | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | 맹렬한 | Furious waves struck the rocks during the storm. |
| 735 | legacy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: legacy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 레거시 2. 유업 3. 유증 | The scientist's legacy includes both discoveries and trained students. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 21 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 21.
English reading
Reading passage is being prepared.
Korean translation
A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.
Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words