English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 351 | creative | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 창조적인 | The creative engineer built a lamp from reused materials. |
| 352 | private | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: private is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 사적(私的) 2. 사유(私有) 3. 개인 소유 | The farm is private property, although a public path crosses it. |
| 353 | influence | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. 영향력 2. 영향 | The coach's encouragement had a positive influence on the team. |
| 354 | impossible | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected. | 불가능하다 | It is impossible to roll a seven on a standard six-sided number cube. |
| 355 | afford | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: afford is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 여유-가 있다 | We can afford the tickets after saving for two months. |
| 356 | volume | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: volume is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 부피 2. 체적 | We found the box's volume by multiplying its length, width, and height. |
| 357 | severe | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: severe is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 심하다 2. 모질다 3. 혹독 | A severe thunderstorm closed the hiking trail. |
| 358 | ordered | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ordered is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 순서가 정해진 2. 정렬된 | An ordered pair lists the horizontal coordinate first. |
| 359 | solid | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: solid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 고체(固體) 2. 솔리드 3. 고체 | Ice is the solid form of water. |
| 360 | attractive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 1. 매력적인 2. 보기 좋은 | Bright tiles make the old fountain more attractive. |
| 361 | outstanding | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: outstanding is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 빼어나다 2. 뛰어나다 3. 잘나다 | Mira received an award for her outstanding research project. |
| 362 | code | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: code is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 코드 2. 프로그램 코드 | The code tells the sensor when to activate the alarm. |
| 363 | stable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: stable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 안정적인 2. 튼튼한 | The ladder felt stable on the level ground. |
| 364 | internal | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: internal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 내부 | The mechanic inspected the engine's internal parts. |
| 365 | district | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: district is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 구역 2. 선거구 | Each district elects one council member. |
| 366 | determined | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: determined is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 단호한 | The determined runner continued through the heavy rain. |
| 367 | minor | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: minor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 경미 2. 사소하다 | A minor scratch did not affect how the machine worked. |
| 368 | potential | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: potential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 가능성(可能性) 2. 잠재력(潛在力) 3. 잠재 | The raised book has gravitational potential because it can fall. |
| 369 | goods | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: goods is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 상품(商品) 2. 물품(物品) 3. 물건(物件) | The train carried goods from inland factories to the port. |
| 370 | motion | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: motion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 모션 2. 움직임 | The camera recorded the cart's motion down the ramp. |
| 371 | category | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: category is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 부문(部門) 2. 분류(分類) 3. 종별(種別) | Place each rock in a category based on how it formed. |
| 372 | routine | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: routine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 일과 2. 일상적인 절차 | Packing my bag at night is part of my morning routine. |
| 373 | revolution | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 혁명(革命) 2. 혁명 3. 레볼루션 | The revolution ended the monarch's rule. |
| 374 | extraordinary | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: extraordinary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 남다르다 2. 비범 | The telescope revealed an extraordinary view of Saturn. |
| 375 | relief | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: relief is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 안도 2. 안도감 3. 다행 | We felt relief when the lost hikers returned safely. |
| 376 | expression | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 수식 2. 식 | The expression six plus four has a value of ten. |
| 377 | reference | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. 레퍼런스 2. 참고 3. 언급 | The atlas is a useful reference when studying regional geography. |
| 378 | instant | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: instant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 순간 2. 찰 3. 찰나 | For an instant, lightning brightened the whole field. |
| 379 | ease | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ease is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 완화하다 2. 덜어주다 | A cool cloth can ease the sting of a minor burn. |
| 380 | analysis | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: analysis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 분석 2. 해석 3. 분해 | Her analysis explains how the poem's repeated image develops its theme. |
| 381 | capacity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. 생산력(生産力) 2. 용량 3. 용적 | The theater has a seating capacity of eight hundred. |
| 382 | praise | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: praise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 칭찬하다 | Teachers praise effort as well as success. |
| 383 | visual | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: visual is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 시각적 | A visual chart made the instructions easier to follow. |
| 384 | settlement | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result. | 1. 정착지 2. 취락 | The settlement grew beside a reliable water source. |
| 385 | percentage | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: percentage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 퍼센트 2. 백분율 | The percentage of blue marbles is sixty because sixty out of every hundred are blue. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words