English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 176 | outline | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: outline is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | គ្រោង | Before drafting, Mina will outline the reasons for protecting the marsh. |
| 177 | distribute | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: distribute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ចែកចាយ | Volunteers distribute clean water after the storm. |
| 178 | innovative | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | ច្នៃប្រឌិតថ្មី | The innovative roof collects rainwater and cools the building. |
| 179 | administer | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: administer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. ត្រួតត្រា 2. អភិបាល | Trained nurses administer the vaccine. |
| 180 | ecological | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ecological is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | អេកូឡូស៊ី | The oil spill caused serious ecological damage along the coast. |
| 181 | maintenance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | តំហែទាំ | Routine maintenance prevented the machine from overheating. |
| 182 | bacteria | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bacteria is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | បាក់តេរី | Helpful bacteria live in healthy soil. |
| 183 | galaxy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: galaxy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. តារាវលី 2. ចក្ររាសី 3. កាឡាក់ស៊ី | Our solar system lies within the Milky Way galaxy. |
| 184 | multiple | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: multiple is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ច្រើន | Thirty is a multiple of both five and six. |
| 185 | astronaut | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: astronaut is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | អវកាសយានិក | The astronaut repaired equipment outside the spacecraft. |
| 186 | cloning | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cloning is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ក្លូន | Researchers use cloning to create many copies of a useful gene. |
| 187 | element | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: element is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ធាតុ | Oxygen is an element found in air and water. |
| 188 | municipal | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: municipal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ក្រុង | The municipal library is funded by the city. |
| 189 | integration | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | សមាហរណកម្ម ការបញ្ជូលគ្នា | School integration faced organized resistance. |
| 190 | charter | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: charter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ធម្មនុញ្ញ | The royal charter authorized the colony's government. |
| 191 | organism | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice. | ភាវរស់ | Every organism in the pond depends on water. |
| 192 | knowledge | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: knowledge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. ចំណេះ 2. ញាណ 3. វិជ្ជា | Reading the guide increased our knowledge of local birds. |
| 193 | function | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. មុខងារ 2. អនុគមន៍ 3. តួនាទី | The roots' main function is to absorb water and anchor the plant. |
| 194 | graphic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: graphic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ក្រាហ្វិក | The graphic novel combines dialogue with illustrated panels. |
| 195 | workshop | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: workshop is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | រោងជាង | During the writing workshop, students shared their revised leads. |
| 196 | highlight | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: highlight is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | បន្លិច | The conclusion should highlight the strongest evidence. |
| 197 | evolve | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: evolve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ពាក់ព័ន្ធ | Languages evolve as speakers create and borrow expressions. |
| 198 | endanger | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: endanger is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | គ្រោះថ្នាក់ | Plastic rings can endanger animals in the ocean. |
| 199 | antibiotic | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Prefix focus: anti- means against or opposed to. | អង់ទីប៊ីយ៉ូទិក | A doctor may prescribe an antibiotic for a confirmed bacterial infection. |
| 200 | period | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: period is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | កំឡុងពេល | The chicks remained warm during the cold period. |
| 201 | significant | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: significant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. សំខាន់ 2. ជាក់លាក់ 3. ច្បាស់លាស់ | The discovery was significant because it changed what scientists understood. |
| 202 | budget | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: budget is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ថវិកា | The club created a budget before ordering supplies. |
| 203 | unit | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: unit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. ខ្នាត 2. ផ្នែក 3. ឯកតា | The meter is a unit used to measure length. |
| 204 | assist | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assist is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ជំនួយ | Two volunteers assist visitors at the museum entrance. |
| 205 | virus | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: virus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. វីសាណូ 2. វីរុស 3. មេរោគ | A virus can spread through cough droplets. |
| 206 | engineering | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: engineering is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | វិស្វកម្ម | Bridge engineering balances strength, cost, and safety. |
| 207 | resource | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resource is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ធនធាន | The encyclopedia is a valuable resource for the research project. |
| 208 | density | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | ដង់ស៊ីតេ | Oil floats because its density is lower than water's. |
| 209 | sustainable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action. | និរន្តរភាព | The farm uses sustainable methods to protect the soil. |
| 210 | respond | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: respond is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ឆ្លើយតប | The essay must respond directly to the prompt's central question. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
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Review five selected words from page 6.
English reading
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Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words