English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 806 | concrete | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: concrete is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | បេតុង | The proposal needs concrete steps, not general promises. |
| 807 | suspension | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | ការផ្អាក | Muddy water is a suspension because soil particles eventually sink. |
| 808 | comply | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: comply is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | អនុលោម | Cyclists must comply with the trail's safety signs. |
| 809 | teammate | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: teammate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | មិត្តរួមក្រុម | My teammate passed the ball before the defender arrived. |
| 810 | steadily | adverb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs. | ស្ថិរភាព | Snow fell steadily throughout the afternoon. |
| 811 | marina | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: marina is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ម៉ារីណា | Fishing boats returned to the marina before the storm. |
| 812 | heroic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: heroic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | វីររស | The firefighter made a heroic rescue from the burning house. |
| 813 | output | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: output is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. លទ្ធផល 2. ចេញ 3. បញ្ចេញ | The screen displays the sensor's output as a graph. |
| 814 | coalition | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | សហពលកម្ម | Several parties formed a coalition to pass the reform. |
| 815 | remainder | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: remainder is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | សំណល់ | Seventeen divided by five has a remainder of two. |
| 816 | insist | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: insist is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ទទូច | The guide will insist that everyone wear a helmet. |
| 817 | entertain | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: entertain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | កំសាន្ត | The storyteller used funny voices to entertain the children. |
| 818 | electrical | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: electrical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | អគ្គិសនី | The electrical circuit opens when the switch is lifted. |
| 819 | probability | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ability forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action. | ប្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ | The probability of rolling an even number is one half. |
| 820 | enthusiasm | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: enthusiasm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ភាពរីករាយ | Her enthusiasm for astronomy inspired the whole club. |
| 821 | axis | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: axis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | អ័ក្ស | The horizontal axis shows time in minutes. |
| 822 | conservative | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | អភិរក្សនិយម | Engineers used a conservative estimate for the bridge's safe load. |
| 823 | minority | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | ភាគតិច | The constitution protects minority rights against majority abuse. |
| 824 | vulnerable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action. | ដែលងាយធ្វើអោយឈឺចាប់ | Young turtles are vulnerable to predators on the beach. |
| 825 | transparent | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: transparent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ថ្លា | The transparent glass revealed the fish inside the tank. |
| 826 | sympathy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sympathy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | សមានចិត្ត ការជួយរំលើកទុក្ខ | We expressed sympathy to the family after their loss. |
| 827 | evaluate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: evaluate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | វាយតម្លៃ | The judges evaluate each design for strength and originality. |
| 828 | disappointment | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result. | ការខកចិត្ត | The canceled trip brought disappointment to the campers. |
| 829 | adaptation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. ធម្មជាតិវិទ្យា) បន្ស៊ាំ (ការធ្វើអោយស៊ាំ 2. ការផ្ស៊ាំ 3. ការតំរូវ | A camel's ability to conserve water is an adaptation to desert life. |
| 830 | submarine | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: submarine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | នាវាមុជទឹក | The research submarine photographed life on the ocean floor. |
| 831 | masterpiece | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: masterpiece is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ស្នាដៃឯក | Many visitors consider the painted ceiling a masterpiece. |
| 832 | exhaust | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exhaust is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ហត់នឿយ | Climbing the steep stairs will exhaust an unprepared runner. |
| 833 | senate | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: senate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ព្រឹទ្ធសភា | The Roman senate advised officials and controlled important financial decisions. |
| 834 | diagnosis | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: diagnosis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | រោគរិនិច្ច័យ | The doctor confirmed the diagnosis after reviewing the test results. |
| 835 | vaccine | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vaccine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | វ៉ាក់សាំង | The vaccine reduced the spread of the illness. |
| 836 | seize | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: seize is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. ដណ្ដើម 2. យក 3. រឹបអូស (រឹបអូស | The goalkeeper will seize the ball with both hands. |
| 837 | colorful | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: colorful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ចម្រុះពណ៌ | A colorful kite rose above the beach. |
| 838 | translation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. ការបកប្រែក 2. ការបកប្រែ | The translation moves the triangle four units to the right. |
| 839 | narrative | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: narrative is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. រឿងតំណាល 2. និទានកថា 3. និទានកថា | The oral history presents a personal narrative of migration. |
| 840 | expectation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | សង្ឈឹមគណិត | Our expectation of clear skies changed when thunder began. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
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English reading
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Vocabulary chart page
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words