English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 456 | continuous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | 連続体 | The machine produced a continuous hum all night. |
| 457 | advancement | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result. | 上達 | The new vaccine was an important medical advancement. |
| 458 | crystal | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: crystal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 水晶 2. 結晶 3. クリスタル | Each salt crystal has a regular cubic shape. |
| 459 | vacant | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vacant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 空の 2. 空 | The vacant nest remained in the tree after the birds left. |
| 460 | fossil | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fossil is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 化石 | The rock contained a fossil of a small shell. |
| 461 | acknowledge | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: acknowledge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 承認する 2. 認める 3. 承認 | The report should acknowledge evidence that challenges its conclusion. |
| 462 | portable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action. | ノートパソコン | We used a portable stove to cook at the campsite. |
| 463 | input | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: input is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 入力する 2. インプットする 3. インプット | The microphone converts sound input into an electrical signal. |
| 464 | principle | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: principle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 原理 | Fairness is the principle behind giving each speaker equal time. |
| 465 | translate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: translate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 訳す 2. 翻訳する 3. 翻訳 | Students will translate the short message from French into English. |
| 466 | diversity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. 多様性 2. 変化 | Linguistic diversity reflects the region's migration history. |
| 467 | harmony | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: harmony is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 調和 2. 和声 | The choir added harmony beneath the main melody. |
| 468 | emerge | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: emerge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 現れる | A butterfly will emerge from the chrysalis. |
| 469 | rotation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 回転 2. 自転 | Earth's rotation causes day and night. |
| 470 | obligation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 義務 2. 責任 | Owning a pet creates an obligation to provide food and care. |
| 471 | depart | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: depart is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 出発する 2. 立ち去る 3. 発車する | The ferry will depart at nine o'clock. |
| 472 | static | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: static is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 静的 | The stubborn mayor is a static character who ignores every warning. |
| 473 | favorable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action. | 有利な | Favorable winds carried the sailboat toward the harbor. |
| 474 | toxic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: toxic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 毒性 | The label warns that the liquid is toxic if swallowed. |
| 475 | accuracy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: accuracy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 正確性 2. 正確 3. 確度 | Calibration improved the thermometer's accuracy. |
| 476 | estimated | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: estimated is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 推定 | The estimated repair cost may change after workers open the wall. |
| 477 | interpretation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 通訳 2. 解釈 | Her interpretation of the ending depends on the final image of the open gate. |
| 478 | dimension | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 次元 | Measure each dimension of the box before designing its cover. |
| 479 | coordinate | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: coordinate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 座標 | The first coordinate tells how far to move horizontally. |
| 480 | combination | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 合併 2. 結合 3. 統合 | Choosing three committee members from ten is a combination. |
| 481 | magnitude | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: magnitude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 大きさ 2. 大きい | The magnitude of the earthquake was recorded by several stations. |
| 482 | civic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: civic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 市民の | Voting is one form of civic participation. |
| 483 | decisive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 強 | The decisive captain changed course before the storm arrived. |
| 484 | reproduction | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 生殖 | Flowering plants use seeds for reproduction. |
| 485 | admiration | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 感心 2. 賞賛 | We watched the skilled musician with admiration. |
| 486 | ecosystem | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ecosystem is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 生態系 | Removing one species can affect the entire ecosystem. |
| 487 | resolve | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resolve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 決定 2. 決心 | A neutral mediator helped the neighbors resolve the boundary dispute. |
| 488 | expansion | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 拡大 2. 拡張 3. 展開 | Railway expansion connected inland farms with coastal ports. |
| 489 | precise | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: precise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 正確な 2. 精密な 3. 厳密な | A precise description allowed the technician to locate the fault quickly. |
| 490 | thrive | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: thrive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 繁栄 | Tomato plants thrive in warm sunlight. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 14 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 14.
English reading
Reading passage is being prepared.
Japanese translation
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Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words