English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1471 | metadata | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: metadata is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | मेटाडाटा | A photograph's metadata may include its date and file size. |
| 1472 | attribution | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | गुणारोपण | The image requires attribution to its photographer. |
| 1473 | analogous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | अनुरुप | The two plots are analogous because each follows a child searching for home. |
| 1474 | relevance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. प्रासंगिकता 2. सरोकार 3. सार्थकता | The judge questioned the relevance of testimony about an unrelated event. |
| 1475 | cybersecurity | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | साइबर सुरक्षा | Strong passwords are one part of good cybersecurity. |
| 1476 | conspicuous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | विचक्षण | The bright orange tent was conspicuous against the snow. |
| 1477 | sever | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sever is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | तोड़ | The storm may sever weak branches from the tree. |
| 1478 | loudspeaker | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: loudspeaker is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | लाउडस्पीकर | The announcement echoed through the loudspeaker. |
| 1479 | seismic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: seismic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | भूकंप | Seismic waves allow scientists to study Earth's interior. |
| 1480 | inscription | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. शिलालेख 2. अभिलेख 3. उत्कीर्णन | The weathered inscription names the bridge's original builder. |
| 1481 | inhibit | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inhibit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. बाधा डालना 2. रोकना | Cold temperatures can inhibit the growth of some bacteria. |
| 1482 | hazy | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hazy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. धूमिल 2. धुंधला 3. धूमल | The distant hills looked hazy through the morning fog. |
| 1483 | covenant | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: covenant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | अहद | The communities signed a covenant promising to share water during droughts. |
| 1484 | sentimental | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sentimental is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | भावुक | The worn toy has sentimental value because it belonged to her grandmother. |
| 1485 | robotics | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: robotics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | रोबॉटिक्स | Robotics combines programming, mechanics, and electronics. |
| 1486 | reformation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | सुधार | The Protestant Reformation divided western Christianity. |
| 1487 | customary | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: customary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. पारंपरिक 2. परंपरागत | In the customary system, twelve inches equal one foot. |
| 1488 | characterization | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming. | निस्र्पण | The author uses dialogue and actions for indirect characterization. |
| 1489 | tectonic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tectonic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | रचना का | Tectonic plates move only a few centimeters each year. |
| 1490 | synonym | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: synonym is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. पर्याय 2. पर्यायवाची 3. समानार्थी शब्द | “Rapid” is a synonym for “quick.” |
| 1491 | denominator | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: denominator is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | भाजक | In three fifths, five is the denominator. |
| 1492 | plantation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. बाग़ान 2. वृक्षारोपण 3. बागान | The plantation produced sugar for overseas markets. |
| 1493 | tsunami | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tsunami is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. सूनामी 2. सुनामी | The offshore earthquake triggered a tsunami warning. |
| 1494 | truce | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: truce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. संधि 2. समझौता | Both sides accepted a truce to evacuate the wounded. |
| 1495 | doubtful | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: doubtful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. संदिग्ध 2. सवालिया 3. संदेहास्पद | It is doubtful that the damaged bridge can reopen today. |
| 1496 | treacherous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | विश्वासघाती | Black ice made the mountain road treacherous. |
| 1497 | approximation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | सन्निकटन | Rounding 398 to 400 gives a useful approximation. |
| 1498 | murky | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: murky is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | बदली का | The pond water became murky after the storm. |
| 1499 | quotation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | उद्धरण | The quotation supports the paragraph because it states the witness's observation. |
| 1500 | cyclone | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cyclone is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | चक्रवात | The satellite image shows the cyclone turning over warm water. |
| 1501 | appendix | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: appendix is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. परिशिष्ट 2. अनुसूची | The report's appendix contains the complete survey questions. |
| 1502 | abolition | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | उन्मूलन | The movement demanded the abolition of slavery. |
| 1503 | linger | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: linger is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | देर तक रहना | The scent of smoke may linger after the fire is out. |
| 1504 | intimidate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: intimidate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | धमकाना | The bully tried to intimidate witnesses into silence. |
| 1505 | dehydration | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | निर्जलीकरण | The runner stopped to prevent dehydration in the intense heat. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 43 vocabulary review
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English reading
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Vocabulary chart page
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words