English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 666 | index | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: index is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. अनुक्रम 2. सूची 3. सूचि | Use the index to locate every page that discusses volcanoes. |
| 667 | regret | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: regret is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | पछताना | I regret leaving the seedlings outside during the frost. |
| 668 | ratio | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ratio is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. अनुपात 2. लिंगानुपात | The ratio of red beads to blue beads is two to three. |
| 669 | currency | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: currency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. मुद्रा 2. करंसी 3. करेंसी | Travelers exchanged their currency before the trip. |
| 670 | commerce | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: commerce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. व्यापार 2. वाणिज्य 3. व्यवसाय | The port became a center of international commerce. |
| 671 | partial | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: partial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. आंशिक 2. अधूरा 3. अपूर्ण | A partial eclipse covered only part of the sun. |
| 672 | frequency | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: frequency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | आवृत्ति | A higher sound frequency produces a higher pitch. |
| 673 | resistance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. प्रतिरोध 2. सत्याग्रह | Local resistance delayed the invading army. |
| 674 | legislation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | विधान | The new legislation requires safer drinking water. |
| 675 | sequence | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. क्रम 2. आर्डर 3. अनुक्रम | Put the pictures in sequence from seed to flowering plant. |
| 676 | insurance | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 1. बीमा 2. इंश्योरेंस | Home insurance helped pay for repairs after the storm. |
| 677 | religion | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: religion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. धर्म 2. दीन 3. मज़हब | The constitution protects a person's right to practice a religion. |
| 678 | empire | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: empire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. साम्राज्य 2. बादशाहत | Roads helped the empire move soldiers and messages quickly. |
| 679 | peer | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: peer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | समकक्ष | Ask a peer to check your work before you submit it. |
| 680 | defense | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: defense is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. बचाव 2. रक्षा 3. डिफेंस | The defense questioned whether the witness could see clearly. |
| 681 | administration | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. प्रशासन 2. एडमिनिस्ट्रेशन 3. प्रशाशन | The administration proposed a revised national budget. |
| 682 | reform | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reform is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | सुधार | The education reform provided books to rural schools. |
| 683 | infection | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | संक्रमण | The doctor treated the cut to prevent infection. |
| 684 | conservation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. संरक्षण 2. सरंक्षण 3. संवर्धन | Water conservation becomes especially important during drought. |
| 685 | retreat | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: retreat is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | पीछे हटना | The hikers retreat when lightning strikes nearby. |
| 686 | plane | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: plane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. समतल 2. प्लेन 3. जेट | Three noncollinear points determine a plane. |
| 687 | tissue | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tissue is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ऊतक | Muscle tissue contracts to move the body. |
| 688 | sufficient | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sufficient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | पर्याप्त | One flashlight provided sufficient light for the small tent. |
| 689 | variable | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: variable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | चर | In the equation, the variable x stands for an unknown number. |
| 690 | comparison | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: comparison is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. तुलना 2. अपेक्षा | The essay makes a comparison between two creation myths. |
| 691 | treaty | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: treaty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. सन्धि 2. संधि | The treaty established a peaceful border. |
| 692 | investigate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: investigate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. जाँचना 2. जाँच करना | Detectives investigate the footprints beside the broken window. |
| 693 | humble | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: humble is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. विनम्र 2. विनीत 3. नम्र | Although she won the prize, Lina remained humble. |
| 694 | summit | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: summit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. चोटी 2. शिखर 3. शीर्ष | The climbers reached the summit before noon. |
| 695 | cooperation | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. सहयोग 2. सहकार 3. सहकारिता | The heavy table was moved safely through cooperation. |
| 696 | ray | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ray is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. किरण 2. किरन 3. एक्सरे | Each side of an angle is a ray extending from the vertex. |
| 697 | debt | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: debt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. क़र्ज़ 2. ऋण 3. कर्ज | The city repaid its construction debt over twenty years. |
| 698 | tone | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tone is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. लहजा 2. टोन 3. स्वर | The letter's respectful tone made the criticism easier to accept. |
| 699 | cabinet | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cabinet is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. मंत्रिमंडल 2. कैबिनेट 3. केबिनेट | The president met with the cabinet to discuss the emergency. |
| 700 | reliable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action. | 1. विश्वस्त 2. विश्वसनीय 3. भरोसेमंद | We used a reliable weather source before planning the trip. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
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About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words