English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta

TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary

This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.

A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.

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Words 246–280 of 1600
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
246	amend	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: amend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. korjata 2. parantaa 3. parantua	Lawmakers voted to amend the bill before the final vote.
247	digestion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. ruoansulatus 2. ruuansulatus	Digestion begins when food is chewed.
248	infrared	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: infrared is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. infrapuna 2. infrapuna- 3. infrapunainen	A thermal camera detects infrared radiation from warm objects.
249	cohesion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	yhteen kasvaminen	Pronouns and transitions give the paragraph cohesion.
250	restriction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. rajoitus 2. rajoite	A seasonal restriction protects nesting birds from disturbance.
251	court	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: court is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. oikeussali 2. hovi	The court listened to witnesses before reaching a decision.
252	data	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: data is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. data 2. tieto	We recorded the rainfall data in a table.
253	annual	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: annual is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. vuosittainen 2. jokavuotinen	Our town holds an annual lantern festival each spring.
254	party	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: party is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. joukko 2. seurue 3. partio	The new party focused its campaign on housing reform.
255	attempt	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: attempt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	yritys	Her second attempt at the puzzle was successful.
256	treatment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. hoito 2. kuuri	Rest was part of the recommended treatment.
257	term	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: term is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. suhde 2. välit	The expression has three terms, and each term is separated by a plus sign.
258	negative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. vastustus 2. veto 3. kielto	The critic gave a negative review of the confusing performance.
259	responsibility	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ibility forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action.	1. velvollisuus 2. vastuu	Feeding the class fish is Hana's responsibility this week.
260	tradition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. perimätieto 2. perinne 3. traditio	Baking moon-shaped cakes is a family tradition.
261	appeal	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: appeal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. vetovoima 2. viehätysvoima 3. valitus	The mystery's unexpected ending added to its appeal.
262	secure	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: secure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. tallessa 2. turvassa 3. varmistaa	Use strong rope to secure the canoe to the dock.
263	debate	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: debate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	väittely	The class held a debate about protecting the empty lot.
264	conflict	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: conflict is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	konflikti	The characters resolve their conflict by speaking honestly.
265	peace	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: peace is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	rauha	The treaty created a fragile peace.
266	positive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. positiivinen 2. myönteinen	A positive number appears to the right of zero on a number line.
267	occasionally	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	1. joskus 2. toisinaan 3. välillä	Deer occasionally visit the meadow at dawn.
268	technical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: technical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	tekninen	The manual gives a technical explanation of the engine.
269	apparent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: apparent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ilmeinen 2. selvä	It became apparent that the missing key was still in the lock.
270	establish	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: establish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. perustaa 2. vakiinnuttaa 3. nimittää	Residents hope to establish a weekly farmers' market.
271	investment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. sijoitus 2. investointi	The railway was a major public investment.
272	liquid	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: liquid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. neste 2. nestemäinen	A liquid takes the shape of its container.
273	nuclear	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: nuclear is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ydin- 2. ytimeen liittyvä 3. ydin	A nuclear reaction changes an atom's nucleus.
274	aggressive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. aggressiivinen 2. hyökkäävä	The aggressive goose hissed and charged toward the fence.
275	exact	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exact is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. tarkka 2. täsmällinen 3. eksakti	The exact meaning of the term depends on its scientific context.
276	transition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	välisoitto	The transition “in contrast” signals that the next idea will differ.
277	distribution	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	jakauma	The distribution has two clusters and one distant outlier.
278	diverse	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: diverse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. monipuolinen 2. moninainen 3. kirjava	A diverse forest contains plants of many sizes and species.
279	modest	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: modest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	vaatimaton	The scientist gave a modest reply when praised for her discovery.
280	theme	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: theme is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. teema 2. aihe	The theme of responsibility develops through each character's choices.

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About this cross-exam English set

TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.

The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.

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