English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1541 | coarse | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: coarse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | karkea | The filter catches coarse sand before the water reaches the fine mesh. |
| 1542 | agile | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: agile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ketterä | The agile goalkeeper changed direction in an instant. |
| 1543 | validate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: validate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. tarkastaa 2. todentaa | A second trial can validate the surprising result. |
| 1544 | ominous | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | 1. pahaenteinen 2. uhkaava | The sudden silence was an ominous sign of the approaching storm. |
| 1545 | correlate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: correlate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. verrata 2. vertailla | The study may correlate regular exercise with improved sleep. |
| 1546 | terrify | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become. | 1. kauhistuttaa 2. pelottaa | A sudden roar can terrify a young animal. |
| 1547 | coordinated | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: coordinated is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | koordinoitua | A coordinated response delivered food and medicine to isolated towns. |
| 1548 | skeletal | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: skeletal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. skeletaalinen 2. luuranko 3. luuranko- | The skeletal system protects organs and provides support. |
| 1549 | confer | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: confer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | neuvotella | The judges confer privately before announcing the winner. |
| 1550 | developmental | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: developmental is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | kehityksellinen | The study examines developmental differences between early and late adolescence. |
| 1551 | constructive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | rakentava | The reviewer offered constructive criticism with specific revision ideas. |
| 1552 | electromagnetic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: electromagnetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | sähkömagneettinen | Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation. |
| 1553 | clad | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: clad is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | päällystää | Workers clad in reflective jackets directed traffic around the sinkhole. |
| 1554 | inquire | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inquire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. kysyä 2. tiedustella 3. kysellä | Visitors can inquire about accessible tours at the front desk. |
| 1555 | abrupt | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: abrupt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | äkillinen | The road ends at an abrupt drop near the cliff. |
| 1556 | makeshift | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: makeshift is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. hätävara 2. tilapäinen | The hikers built a makeshift shelter from branches and a tarp. |
| 1557 | frigid | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: frigid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. jääkylmä 2. hyinen 3. jäätävä | Frigid air froze the puddles overnight. |
| 1558 | bestow | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bestow is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. lahjoittaa 2. myöntää 3. ojentaa | The mayor will bestow a medal on the brave rescuer. |
| 1559 | comparative | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | 1. suhteellinen 2. verrannollinen | The comparative essay considers how both novels portray exile. |
| 1560 | gleam | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gleam is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. saada hohtaa 2. saada hohtamaan | Wet stones gleam in the morning sun. |
| 1561 | erupt | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: erupt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | purkautua | A volcano may erupt after pressure builds below the surface. |
| 1562 | deceitful | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: deceitful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | vilpillinen | The deceitful merchant hid the crack beneath a label. |
| 1563 | magnify | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become. | suurentaa | This lens can magnify the tiny print. |
| 1564 | supplementary | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: supplementary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. lisä- 2. täydennys 3. täydentävä | The adjacent angles on a straight line are supplementary. |
| 1565 | rebellious | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by. | 1. kapinallinen 2. kapinoiva | The rebellious artist rejected the academy's strict conventions. |
| 1566 | taunt | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: taunt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. pilkka 2. pilkata | It is unkind to taunt a player who misses a shot. |
| 1567 | coax | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: coax is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. taivutella 2. suostutella 3. vikitellä | We used a treat to coax the frightened dog out from under the porch. |
| 1568 | deteriorate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: deteriorate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. huonontaa 2. heikentää 3. rappeuttaa | Without repairs, the wooden steps will deteriorate. |
| 1569 | regal | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: regal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | kuninkaallinen | The actor's regal posture makes the queen immediately recognizable. |
| 1570 | lofty | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lofty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | korkea | The organization set a lofty goal of ending local homelessness. |
| 1571 | uncanny | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: uncanny is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. hämmästyttävä 2. outo | The twins had an uncanny ability to finish each other's sentences. |
| 1572 | mediate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mediate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. sovitella 2. välittää | A counselor agreed to mediate the dispute between the teams. |
| 1573 | inept | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inept is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. taitamaton 2. avuton 3. kyvytön | The inept repair left the faucet leaking worse than before. |
| 1574 | disagreeable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action. | inhottava | A disagreeable smell drifted from the trash bin. |
| 1575 | resolute | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resolute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. päättäväinen 2. luja 3. peräänantamaton | The resolute climbers continued despite the cold wind. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 45 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 45.
English reading
Reading passage is being prepared.
Finnish translation
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Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words