English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 246 | amend | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: amend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. remendar 2. enmendar | Lawmakers voted to amend the bill before the final vote. |
| 247 | digestion | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | digestión | Digestion begins when food is chewed. |
| 248 | infrared | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: infrared is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. infrarrojo 2. ultrarrojo | A thermal camera detects infrared radiation from warm objects. |
| 249 | cohesion | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | cohesión | Pronouns and transitions give the paragraph cohesion. |
| 250 | restriction | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | restricción | A seasonal restriction protects nesting birds from disturbance. |
| 251 | court | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: court is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. corte 2. tribunal 3. juzgado | The court listened to witnesses before reaching a decision. |
| 252 | data | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: data is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | datos | We recorded the rainfall data in a table. |
| 253 | annual | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: annual is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. anual 2. anuo | Our town holds an annual lantern festival each spring. |
| 254 | party | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: party is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | partido | The new party focused its campaign on housing reform. |
| 255 | attempt | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: attempt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. intento 2. tentativa 3. ensayo | Her second attempt at the puzzle was successful. |
| 256 | treatment | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result. | 1. tratamiento 2. trato | Rest was part of the recommended treatment. |
| 257 | term | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: term is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. término 2. vocablo | The expression has three terms, and each term is separated by a plus sign. |
| 258 | negative | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | negativo | The critic gave a negative review of the confusing performance. |
| 259 | responsibility | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ibility forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action. | responsabilidad | Feeding the class fish is Hana's responsibility this week. |
| 260 | tradition | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | tradición | Baking moon-shaped cakes is a family tradition. |
| 261 | appeal | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: appeal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. aliciente 2. atractivo 3. atracción | The mystery's unexpected ending added to its appeal. |
| 262 | secure | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: secure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. seguro 2. conseguir 3. lucrar | Use strong rope to secure the canoe to the dock. |
| 263 | debate | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: debate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | debate | The class held a debate about protecting the empty lot. |
| 264 | conflict | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: conflict is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | conflicto | The characters resolve their conflict by speaking honestly. |
| 265 | peace | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: peace is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | paz | The treaty created a fragile peace. |
| 266 | positive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | positivo | A positive number appears to the right of zero on a number line. |
| 267 | occasionally | adverb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs. | 1. ocasionalmente 2. de vez en cuando 3. a veces | Deer occasionally visit the meadow at dawn. |
| 268 | technical | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: technical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | técnico | The manual gives a technical explanation of the engine. |
| 269 | apparent | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: apparent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. evidente 2. claro 3. manifiesto | It became apparent that the missing key was still in the lock. |
| 270 | establish | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: establish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. establecer 2. condir 3. establir | Residents hope to establish a weekly farmers' market. |
| 271 | investment | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result. | 1. inversión 2. insumo | The railway was a major public investment. |
| 272 | liquid | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: liquid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | líquido | A liquid takes the shape of its container. |
| 273 | nuclear | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: nuclear is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | nuclear | A nuclear reaction changes an atom's nucleus. |
| 274 | aggressive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | agresivo | The aggressive goose hissed and charged toward the fence. |
| 275 | exact | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exact is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | exacto | The exact meaning of the term depends on its scientific context. |
| 276 | transition | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | transición | The transition “in contrast” signals that the next idea will differ. |
| 277 | distribution | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | distribución | The distribution has two clusters and one distant outlier. |
| 278 | diverse | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: diverse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | diverso | A diverse forest contains plants of many sizes and species. |
| 279 | modest | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: modest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. modesto 2. humilde | The scientist gave a modest reply when praised for her discovery. |
| 280 | theme | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: theme is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. tema 2. temática | The theme of responsibility develops through each character's choices. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 8 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 8.
English reading
Reading passage is being prepared.
Spanish translation
A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.
Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words