English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta

TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary

This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.

A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.

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Words 841–875 of 1600
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
841	entrepreneur	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: entrepreneur is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	a person who starts and manages a business while taking financial risks	The young entrepreneur opened a bicycle repair shop.
842	neglect	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: neglect is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	to fail to give proper care or attention	Plants may wilt if gardeners neglect them.
843	hesitate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hesitate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	to pause because you are uncertain	I hesitate before stepping onto the slippery bridge.
844	metropolitan	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: metropolitan is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	relating to a large city and its surrounding communities	The metropolitan rail system connects downtown with nearby suburbs.
845	bias	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bias is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	an unfair preference that affects judgment	A fair survey avoids bias by asking neutral questions.
846	colonial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: colonial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	relating to a colony or a period of foreign settlement and rule	The museum restored a colonial house built by early settlers.
847	curiosity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	a strong desire to know or learn something	Curiosity led the children to examine the unusual shell.
848	literal	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: literal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	using the exact and ordinary meaning of words	The literal meaning of freezing is becoming solid from cold.
849	preliminary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: preliminary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	coming before the main or final stage	Preliminary results suggest that the treatment may be effective.
850	indigenous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	originating naturally in a region or belonging to its earliest known peoples	The exhibit honors indigenous knowledge of local plants.
851	tendency	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tendency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	a usual pattern of behavior or change	The river has a tendency to rise after several days of rain.
852	fraction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	a number representing part of a whole or group	The shaded fraction of the circle is three fourths.
853	circulation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	the movement of blood through the body	Exercise can increase blood circulation.
854	canyon	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: canyon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	a deep valley with steep sides, often carved by a river	The river flows along the bottom of the canyon.
855	stubborn	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: stubborn is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	unwilling to change one's mind or behavior	The stubborn goat refused to leave the garden.
856	stellar	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: stellar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	relating to stars or exceptionally good	The telescope captured a stellar explosion in a distant galaxy.
857	extinction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	the complete disappearance of a species	Habitat loss can push rare animals toward extinction.
858	protocol	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: protocol is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	an established set of rules or steps for a procedure	The laboratory protocol requires goggles and closed shoes.
859	compromise	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compromise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	an agreement in which each side gives up part of what it wants	The final schedule was a compromise between the two proposals.
860	wilderness	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ness forms a noun naming a quality or state.	a natural area where few people live	The protected wilderness contains forests, rivers, and mountains.
861	compassion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	concern for someone who is suffering, with a desire to help	Neighbors showed compassion by bringing meals to the injured family.
862	absurd	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: absurd is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	clearly unreasonable or impossible	The absurd rumor claimed that the tiny pond contained a whale.
863	representation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	the act of speaking or acting on behalf of others in government	Residents demanded fair representation on the regional council.
864	liberty	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: liberty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	freedom to act, think, or speak within the protection of law	The charter promises liberty of expression.
865	statistical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: statistical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	relating to the collection and analysis of numerical data	The survey revealed a statistical pattern in commuting times.
866	justify	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	to give sound reasons or evidence for something	The committee must justify its decision to close the trail.
867	inflation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	a general rise in prices that reduces the buying power of money	Inflation made the same basket of groceries more expensive.
868	abstract	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: abstract is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	existing as an idea rather than a physical object	Justice is an abstract concept that societies define in different ways.
869	composite	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: composite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	having more than two positive whole-number factors	Twelve is a composite number with several factor pairs.
870	comfortably	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	in a relaxed and physically pleasant way	Four people can sit comfortably on the wide bench.
871	uniform	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: uniform is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	the same throughout or consistent in form	The machine applies a uniform layer of paint.
872	boundary	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: boundary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	a line or zone separating two areas or conditions	Storms formed near the boundary between warm and cold air.
873	triangle	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: triangle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	a polygon with three sides and three angles	The triangle has one right angle.
874	metaphor	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: metaphor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	a comparison that says one thing is another	The sentence “The moon is a lantern” contains a metaphor.
875	lava	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lava is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	hot melted rock that reaches Earth's surface	The lava cooled into dark rock.

Vocabulary reading and practice

Page 25 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 25.

Vocabulary quiz

Complete 5 review questions for this page.

1. The young _____ opened a bicycle repair shop.

Answer: entrepreneur

2. _____ results suggest that the treatment may be effective.

Answer: preliminary

3. The laboratory _____ requires goggles and closed shoes.

Answer: protocol

4. _____ made the same basket of groceries more expensive.

Answer: inflation

5. The _____ cooled into dark rock.

Answer: lava

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About this cross-exam English set

TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.

The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.

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TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary

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