English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta

TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary

This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.

A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.

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Page 1: words 1–35

Vocabulary page 1
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1	language	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: language is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. γλώσσα 2. glossa	Migration can bring a new language into a region.
2	area	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: area is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εμβαδό 2. εμβαδόν	Multiply length by width to find a rectangle's area.
3	increase	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: increase is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αυξάνω 2. ανεβάζω 3. αβγατίζω	Adding compost can increase the garden's harvest.
4	product	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: product is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. γινόμενο 2. προϊόν	The product of six and seven is forty-two.
5	develop	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: develop is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναπτύσσω	Tadpoles develop into frogs over several weeks.
6	community	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	κοινότητα	The reef community includes coral, fish, and algae.
7	reduce	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reduce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μειώνω	Reusable bottles reduce the amount of plastic waste.
8	possible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	1. πιθανός 2. δυνατός	Rolling a six is possible with a standard number cube.
9	likely	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: likely is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πιθανός	Dark clouds make rain likely this afternoon.
10	point	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: point is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. θέση 2. σημείο	Label the point where the two lines intersect.
11	require	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: require is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χρειάζομαι	The recipe will require two cups of chopped apples.
12	similar	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: similar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	όμοιος	The similar rectangles have different sizes but equal angle measures.
13	describe	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: describe is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περιγράφω	The witness could describe the missing bicycle in detail.
14	modern	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: modern is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μοντέρνος 2. σύγχρονος	The modern library includes a recording studio.
15	issue	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: issue is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θέμα	The council discussed the issue of traffic near the school.
16	control	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: control is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	έλεγχος	The untreated plant served as the control.
17	interest	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: interest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ενδιαφέρον 2. τόκος	The loan's interest increases its total cost.
18	machine	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: machine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μηχανή 2. μηχανισμός 3. μηχάνημα	The simple machine lets one person lift the heavy crate.
19	power	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: power is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ισχύς	The motor's power tells how quickly it can perform work.
20	create	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: create is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πλάθω	The artists create a mural for the library wall.
21	event	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: event is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γεγονός	Drawing a red marble is the event we are studying.
22	available	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	διαθέσιμος	A guide is available at the information desk.
23	role	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: role is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρόλος	A person's social role can change between home, school, and work.
24	demonstrate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: demonstrate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. δείχνω 2. διαδηλώνω	The coach will demonstrate the safest way to hold the paddle.
25	state	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: state is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. κράτος 2. καθεστώς	Heating can change water from a liquid state to a gas.
26	environment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	περιβάλλον	Plastic waste harms the ocean environment.
27	system	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: system is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σύστημα	The digestive system breaks food into usable nutrients.
28	development	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	ανάπτυξη	The council debated whether the development would damage the wetland.
29	recently	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	1. πρόσφατα 2. προσφάτως 3. τελευταία	We recently planted herbs beside the kitchen window.
30	compare	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compare is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. συγκρίνω 2. παραβάλλω	Readers compare the two accounts before deciding where they agree.
31	environmental	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: environmental is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περιβαλλοντικός	The review identifies environmental risks to the wetland.
32	difference	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	διαφορά	The difference between twenty and thirteen is seven.
33	culture	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: culture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πολιτισμός 2. νοοτροπία	Music and food are important parts of a community's culture.
34	benefit	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: benefit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. όφελος 2. πλεονέκτημα	Daily exercise has the benefit of strengthening the heart.
35	variety	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: variety is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γένος	The market sells a variety of fresh vegetables.

Page 1 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 1.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Migration can bring a new _____ into a region.

Answer: language

2. Dark clouds make rain _____ this afternoon.

Answer: likely

3. The simple _____ lets one person lift the heavy crate.

Answer: machine

4. The digestive _____ breaks food into usable nutrients.

Answer: system

5. The market sells a _____ of fresh vegetables.

Answer: variety

Page 2: words 36–70

Vocabulary page 2
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
36	model	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: model is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μακέτα 2. μοντέλο	The globe is a model of Earth, not an exact copy.
37	policy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: policy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ασφάλεια	The school adopted a policy for reducing food waste.
38	education	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	εκπαίδευση	Public education expanded during the nineteenth century.
39	maintain	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: maintain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διατηρώ	Workers maintain the trail by repairing damaged steps.
40	document	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: document is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τεκμηριώνω	Scientists document each bird sighting in a field journal.
41	focus	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: focus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εστίαση 2. επίκεντρο	Protecting sea turtles was the focus of the report.
42	additional	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: additional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επιπλέον	The coach allowed additional time for water breaks.
43	improve	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: improve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. βελτιώνομαι 2. βελτιώνω	Reading aloud can improve pronunciation.
44	prefer	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prefer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. προτιμάω 2. προτιμώ	I prefer the shaded trail on hot afternoons.
45	apply	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: apply is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χρησιμοποιώ	Students apply the formula to a new set of measurements.
46	structure	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: structure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δομή	The essay's compare-and-contrast structure makes the differences easy to follow.
47	propose	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: propose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προτείνω	The students propose turning the vacant lot into a community garden.
48	usually	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	συνήθως	The bakery usually opens before sunrise.
49	entire	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: entire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	όλος	The entire garden was covered with sparkling frost.
50	damage	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: damage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ζημιά 2. ζημία	Salt water can damage an unprotected metal gate.
51	evidence	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	1. απόδειξη 2. τεκμήριο 3. κατάθεση	The broken branch was evidence that a large animal had passed.
52	media	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: media is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μέσα 2. ΜΜΕ 3. μέσα μαζικής ενημέρωσης	Digital media can spread both verified reports and rumors rapidly.
53	technology	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -logy means the study of a subject.	τεχνολογία	Solar technology converts sunlight into useful electricity.
54	involve	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: involve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σταυρώνω	Building the model will involve careful measuring.
55	achievement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	επιτυχία	Finishing her first long novel was a proud achievement for Lena.
56	quality	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. ποιοτικός 2. καλοφτιαγμένος	The carpenter checked the quality of every wooden chair.
57	region	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: region is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περιοχή	Heavy rainfall is common throughout the coastal region.
58	sound	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sound is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ήχος	Sound travels faster through water than through air.
59	release	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: release is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	έκδοση	The rescue team will release the healed owl at sunset.
60	public	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: public is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δημόσιος	The public library is supported by local taxes.
61	claim	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: claim is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. διεκδίκηση 2. αξίωση	The writer supports each claim with facts from reliable sources.
62	advance	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: advance is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προωθώ	The hikers advance carefully along the narrow ridge.
63	vast	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vast is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απέραντος	A vast grassland stretched beyond the river.
64	species	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: species is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	είδος	The island supports a rare species of lizard.
65	summary	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: summary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. περίληψη 2. σύνοψη	Her summary included the article's central point and key evidence.
66	impact	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: impact is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. επίδραση 2. αντίκτυπος	The new bus route had a positive impact on the neighborhood.
67	consumer	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: consumer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καταναλωτής	A rabbit is a consumer that feeds on plants.
68	century	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: century is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αιώνας 2. εκατονταετία	The bridge has stood for more than a century.
69	scientific	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: scientific is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επιστημονικός	The students followed a scientific method during the experiment.
70	fascination	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	γοητεία	Leo's fascination with insects began when he found a chrysalis.

Page 2 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 2.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The globe is a _____ of Earth, not an exact copy.

Answer: model

2. I _____ the shaded trail on hot afternoons.

Answer: prefer

3. Solar _____ converts sunlight into useful electricity.

Answer: technology

4. The hikers _____ carefully along the narrow ridge.

Answer: advance

5. Leo's _____ with insects began when he found a chrysalis.

Answer: fascination

Page 3: words 71–105

Vocabulary page 3
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
71	cell	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cell is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κύτταρο	A microscope can reveal the structure of a plant cell.
72	heading	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: heading is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. επικεφαλίδα 2. τίτλος	The heading tells readers that the next section concerns migration.
73	insert	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: insert is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγγέλω	Insert the card into the slot with the arrow facing up.
74	energy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: energy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ενέργεια	Food provides energy for the body.
75	complex	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: complex is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πολύπλοκος 2. περίπλοκος	The complex machine uses dozens of gears to keep time.
76	affect	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: affect is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. κάνω 2. προσποιούμαι	A long drought can affect the price of vegetables.
77	opportunity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	ευκαιρία	The science fair gave us an opportunity to test our invention.
78	request	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: request is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αίτημα 2. αίτηση	The librarian approved our request for more study time.
79	recognize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	αναγνωρίζω	I recognize the bird by its bright orange wings.
80	purpose	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: purpose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. λόγος 2. αιτία	The article's purpose is to explain how vaccines train the immune system.
81	major	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: major is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεγάλος	Repairing the bridge was a major project for the town.
82	recent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: recent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πρόσφατος	A recent snowfall covered the mountain peak.
83	effective	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	αποτελεσματικός	The new filter is effective at removing lead.
84	ancestor	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ancestor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πρόγονος 2. προπάτορας	My ancestor kept a journal during her journey across the ocean.
85	requirement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	όρος	A laboratory report is a graduation requirement.
86	paradox	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: paradox is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παράδοξο	“Less is more” is a paradox about the power of simplicity.
87	movement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. κίνημα 2. κίνηση	The camera recorded the slow movement of the glacier.
88	range	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: range is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πεδίο τιμών 2. ακτίνα 3. πεδίο δράσης	The range of four, seven, and twelve is eight.
89	factor	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: factor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παράγοντας	Daily sunlight is an important factor in plant growth.
90	price	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: price is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τιμή	A shortage of oranges caused the price of juice to rise.
91	separate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: separate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κόβω	A mesh screen can separate large stones from fine soil.
92	satisfaction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ικανοποίηση	Completing the mural gave the artists great satisfaction.
93	adapt	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: adapt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μιμούμαι	Desert plants adapt to dry conditions by storing water.
94	basic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: basic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βασικός	Clean water is a basic need for every community.
95	surface	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: surface is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επιφάνεια	A thin sheet of ice covered the pond's surface.
96	art	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: art is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. τέχνη 2. επιτηδειότητα	Public art can preserve community memory.
97	essential	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: essential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ουσιαστικός 2. ουσιώδης	Sunlight is essential for most plants to grow.
98	strategy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: strategy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	στρατηγική	Checking headings first is a useful reading strategy.
99	contract	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: contract is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμβόλαιο	Metal may contract when its temperature drops.
100	organization	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	οργάνωση	Clear organization guides readers from the problem to the proposed solution.
101	inspire	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inspire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εμπνέω	The astronaut's visit may inspire students to study science.
102	enhance	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: enhance is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεγαλώνω	A labeled map can enhance the report.
103	salary	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: salary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μισθός	The job offer includes an annual salary and health benefits.
104	rights	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rights is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δικαιώματα	The law protects the rights of every voter.
105	necessary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: necessary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. απαραίτητος 2. ζωτικός 3. ζωτικής σημασίας	A helmet is necessary for safe rock climbing.

Page 3 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 3.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. A microscope can reveal the structure of a plant _____.

Answer: cell

2. I _____ the bird by its bright orange wings.

Answer: recognize

3. The _____ of four, seven, and twelve is eight.

Answer: range

4. Sunlight is _____ for most plants to grow.

Answer: essential

5. A helmet is _____ for safe rock climbing.

Answer: necessary

Page 4: words 106–140

Vocabulary page 4
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
106	access	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: access is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ελευθεροκοινωνία	A library card gives residents access to online books.
107	demand	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: demand is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ζήτηση	Demand for warm coats rises in winter.
108	network	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: network is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δίκτυο	The school network links classroom computers to shared printers.
109	register	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: register is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. καταγράφω 2. εγγράφω	Eligible residents must register before they can vote.
110	concept	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: concept is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. έννοια 2. σύλληψη	The model helped us understand the concept of gravity.
111	purchase	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: purchase is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγορά	The club will purchase new art supplies with the fundraiser money.
112	behavior	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: behavior is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμπεριφορά	The scientist recorded the penguin's feeding behavior.
113	weight	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: weight is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βάρος	An astronaut's weight changes with gravity, but her mass does not.
114	entrance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	είσοδος	A stone arch marks the entrance to the park.
115	crucial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: crucial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κρίσιμος	Clean water is crucial to every community's health.
116	current	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: current is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρεύμα	The ocean current carried the floating leaf toward shore.
117	especially	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	ειδικά	The garden smells sweet, especially after rain.
118	national	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: national is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εθνικός	The national government manages relations with other countries.
119	force	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: force is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. δύναμη 2. ισχύς 3. σθένος	The force of the kick sent the ball across the field.
120	competition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. διαγωνισμός 2. ανταγωνισμός	Our robotics team entered a regional competition.
121	condition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	κατάσταση	The old bicycle was still in good condition.
122	population	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	πληθυσμός	The island's seabird population increased after nesting areas were protected.
123	operation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	πράξη	Choose the correct operation before solving the problem.
124	supply	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: supply is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εφοδιάζω 2. προσφέρω 3. προμήθεια	Heavy rain increased the city's water supply.
125	authority	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. εξουσία 2. αρχή	The city council has authority over local zoning.
126	reaction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αντίδραση	Maya's surprised reaction showed that she had not expected the gift.
127	mode	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mode is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ρύθμιση 2. προσαρμογή	The mode of two, three, three, and five is three.
128	determine	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: determine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καθορίζω	The test will determine whether the water is safe to drink.
129	chemical	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: chemical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χημικός	The label identifies each chemical in the cleaning solution.
130	contribute	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: contribute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. συνεισφέρω 2. συμβάλλω	Each family will contribute one dish to the community meal.
131	conduct	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: conduct is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οδηγώ	Researchers will conduct a survey about recycling habits.
132	distinct	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: distinct is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μονήρης	The twins have distinct voices.
133	weather	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: weather is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. καιρός 2. στοιχεία	Today's weather includes strong wind and scattered rain.
134	procedure	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: procedure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαδικασία	Follow the safety procedure before starting the experiment.
135	communicate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: communicate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαιρώ	Whales communicate with sounds that travel through water.
136	urban	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: urban is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αστικός	Urban planners proposed more parks near apartment buildings.
137	selection	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	εκλογή	Natural selection favors traits that improve survival and reproduction.
138	decade	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: decade is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δεκαετία	The city's population doubled within one decade.
139	dynamic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dynamic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δυναμικός	The selfish prince is a dynamic character who learns generosity.
140	retire	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: retire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συνταξιοδοτούμαι	The librarian plans to retire after forty years of service.

Page 4 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 4.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. A library card gives residents _____ to online books.

Answer: access

2. A stone arch marks the _____ to the park.

Answer: entrance

3. Choose the correct _____ before solving the problem.

Answer: operation

4. The twins have _____ voices.

Answer: distinct

5. The librarian plans to _____ after forty years of service.

Answer: retire

Page 5: words 141–175

Vocabulary page 5
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
141	construct	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: construct is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. κατασκευάζω 2. οικοδομώ	The engineers will construct a footbridge across the creek.
142	promotion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	προαγωγή	The campaign focuses on the promotion of bicycle safety.
143	organize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	οργανώνω	Color-coded folders organize the records by month.
144	revise	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: revise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναθεωρώ	Writers revise the introduction after receiving feedback.
145	contradict	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: contradict is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντίκειμαι	The new fossil may contradict the earlier timeline.
146	industry	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: industry is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βιομηχανία	Fishing is an important industry in the coastal region.
147	application	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αίτηση	Mia submitted an application to join the summer science camp.
148	act	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: act is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πράξη	The conflict becomes unavoidable at the end of the second act.
149	permanent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: permanent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μόνιμος	The artist used permanent ink on the sign.
150	assume	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assume is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υποθέτω	Do not assume the path is safe before checking the map.
151	survive	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: survive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επιβιώνω	Cactus plants survive long periods without rain.
152	percent	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: percent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τοις εκατό	Twenty-five percent is equivalent to one fourth.
153	reveal	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reveal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποκαλύπτω	The final clue will reveal the treasure's location.
154	pressure	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pressure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πίεση	Air pressure decreases as elevation increases.
155	credit	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: credit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δάνειο	Responsible use of credit requires a plan for repayment.
156	external	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: external is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εξωτερικός	The turtle's external shell protects its body.
157	alternative	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: alternative is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εναλλαγή 2. διέξοδος	Taking the train is a practical alternative to driving.
158	efficient	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: efficient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποτελεσματικός	The efficient oven uses less electricity while cooking food evenly.
159	visible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: visible is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ορατός 2. φανερός	The lighthouse became visible when the fog lifted.
160	intense	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: intense is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	έντονος	The intense heat forced the runners to shorten their practice.
161	vital	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vital is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ζωτικός	Oxygen is vital for human survival.
162	representative	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: representative is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εκπρόσωπος 2. αντιπρόσωπος	Our representative presented the neighborhood's concerns at the meeting.
163	concentrate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: concentrate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συγκεντρώνομαι	I can concentrate better in a quiet room.
164	encounter	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: encounter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. συναντώ 2. αντιμετωπίζω	Hikers may encounter deer near the meadow at dawn.
165	preserve	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: preserve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διατηρώ	The archive works to preserve letters from the town's founders.
166	error	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: error is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. λάθος 2. σφάλμα	Reading the scale from an angle can introduce error.
167	practical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: practical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πρακτικός 2. χρήσιμος	The committee chose a practical repair it could afford.
168	belief	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: belief is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πίστη	Freedom of conscience protects each person's belief.
169	relieve	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: relieve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανακουφίζω	A clear sign can relieve a traveler's confusion.
170	laboratory	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: laboratory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εργαστήριο	The samples remained sealed until they reached the laboratory.
171	distract	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: distract is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντιπερισπώ	Loud music can distract me while I read.
172	assess	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assess is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αξιολογώ 2. αποτιμώ 3. εκτιμώ	Engineers assess the bridge before recommending repairs.
173	generate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: generate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δημιουργώ	The rooftop panels generate electricity on sunny days.
174	reasoning	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reasoning is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. σκεπτικό 2. συλλογιστική	The answer is correct, but its reasoning needs clearer steps.
175	phenomenon	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: phenomenon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φαινόμενο	Bioluminescence is a natural phenomenon in which organisms produce light.

Page 5 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 5.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The engineers will _____ a footbridge across the creek.

Answer: construct

2. The artist used _____ ink on the sign.

Answer: permanent

3. The _____ oven uses less electricity while cooking food evenly.

Answer: efficient

4. The committee chose a _____ repair it could afford.

Answer: practical

5. Bioluminescence is a natural _____ in which organisms produce light.

Answer: phenomenon

Page 6: words 176–210

Vocabulary page 6
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
176	outline	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: outline is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανακεφαλαιώνω	Before drafting, Mina will outline the reasons for protecting the marsh.
177	distribute	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: distribute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διανέμω	Volunteers distribute clean water after the storm.
178	innovative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. καινοτόμος 2. νεωτεριστικός	The innovative roof collects rainwater and cools the building.
179	administer	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: administer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διοικώ	Trained nurses administer the vaccine.
180	ecological	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ecological is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οικολογικός	The oil spill caused serious ecological damage along the coast.
181	maintenance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	συντήρηση	Routine maintenance prevented the machine from overheating.
182	bacteria	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bacteria is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βακτήρια	Helpful bacteria live in healthy soil.
183	galaxy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: galaxy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γαλαξίας	Our solar system lies within the Milky Way galaxy.
184	multiple	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: multiple is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παντοειδής	Thirty is a multiple of both five and six.
185	astronaut	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: astronaut is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αστροναύτης	The astronaut repaired equipment outside the spacecraft.
186	cloning	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cloning is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κλωνοποίηση	Researchers use cloning to create many copies of a useful gene.
187	element	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: element is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	στοιχείο	Oxygen is an element found in air and water.
188	municipal	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: municipal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δημοτικός	The municipal library is funded by the city.
189	integration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ολοκλήρωση	School integration faced organized resistance.
190	charter	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: charter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εκναυλώνω	The royal charter authorized the colony's government.
191	organism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	οργανισμός	Every organism in the pond depends on water.
192	knowledge	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: knowledge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. γνώση 2. αγωγή	Reading the guide increased our knowledge of local birds.
193	function	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. συνάρτηση 2. λειτουργία	The roots' main function is to absorb water and anchor the plant.
194	graphic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: graphic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γραφικός	The graphic novel combines dialogue with illustrated panels.
195	workshop	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: workshop is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εργαστήριο	During the writing workshop, students shared their revised leads.
196	highlight	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: highlight is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανταύγεια	The conclusion should highlight the strongest evidence.
197	evolve	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: evolve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναπτύσσω	Languages evolve as speakers create and borrow expressions.
198	endanger	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: endanger is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θέτω σε κίνδυνο	Plastic rings can endanger animals in the ocean.
199	antibiotic	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Prefix focus: anti- means against or opposed to.	αντιβιοτικό	A doctor may prescribe an antibiotic for a confirmed bacterial infection.
200	period	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: period is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περίοδος	The chicks remained warm during the cold period.
201	significant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: significant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σεβαστός	The discovery was significant because it changed what scientists understood.
202	budget	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: budget is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προϋπολογισμός	The club created a budget before ordering supplies.
203	unit	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: unit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μονάδα	The meter is a unit used to measure length.
204	assist	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assist is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βοηθώ	Two volunteers assist visitors at the museum entrance.
205	virus	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: virus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ιός	A virus can spread through cough droplets.
206	engineering	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: engineering is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μηχανική	Bridge engineering balances strength, cost, and safety.
207	resource	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resource is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πόροι	The encyclopedia is a valuable resource for the research project.
208	density	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	πυκνότητα	Oil floats because its density is lower than water's.
209	sustainable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	αειφόρος	The farm uses sustainable methods to protect the soil.
210	respond	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: respond is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανταποκρίνομαι	The essay must respond directly to the prompt's central question.

Page 6 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 6.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Before drafting, Mina will _____ the reasons for protecting the marsh.

Answer: outline

2. Thirty is a _____ of both five and six.

Answer: multiple

3. The roots' main _____ is to absorb water and anchor the plant.

Answer: function

4. The club created a _____ before ordering supplies.

Answer: budget

5. The essay must _____ directly to the prompt's central question.

Answer: respond

Page 7: words 211–245

Vocabulary page 7
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
211	mood	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mood is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διάθεση	Rain and empty streets establish a lonely mood.
212	efficiency	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: efficiency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. γκαρσονιέρα 2. στούντιο	Lubrication increased the motor's efficiency.
213	inventory	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inventory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποθήκη	The manager counted the inventory before ordering more paper.
214	immunity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	ανοσία	Vaccination can help the body develop immunity.
215	radiation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ακτινοβολία	Solar radiation can travel through empty space.
216	molecule	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: molecule is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μόριο	A water molecule contains hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
217	infer	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: infer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμπεραίνω	From the wet paw prints, we infer that the dog entered through the kitchen.
218	government	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	κυβέρνηση	The local government maintains roads and parks.
219	charge	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: charge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χρέωση	There is no charge for borrowing books from the library.
220	opinion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: opinion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. γνώμη 2. άποψη	In my opinion, the second ending is more exciting.
221	war	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: war is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πόλεμος	The war displaced millions of civilians.
222	review	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: review is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εφημερίδα	Niko will review his notes before writing the summary.
223	civil	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: civil is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πολιτικός	The civil rights movement used courts, boycotts, and marches.
224	equation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	εξίσωση	The equation eight plus four equals twelve is true.
225	recommend	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: recommend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υποδεικνύω	The committee will recommend the safest location for the crossing.
226	institute	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: institute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ινστιτούτο	The school will institute a recycling policy next term.
227	transportation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. μεταφορά 2. διακίνηση	Reliable transportation connects workers with jobs.
228	initiative	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: initiative is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πρωτοβουλία	The garden initiative turned an empty lot into a source of food.
229	retain	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: retain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διατηρώ	Dark soil can retain water longer than sand.
230	charity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	φιλανθρωπικό ίδρυμα	The charity supplies meals during emergencies.
231	mineral	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mineral is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ορυκτό 2. μετάλλευμα	Quartz is a common mineral in Earth's crust.
232	participate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: participate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμμετέχω	Every student may participate in the discussion by speaking or writing.
233	gene	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gene is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γονίδιο	A gene may influence the color of a flower.
234	renewable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	ανανεώσιμος	Sunlight is a renewable source of energy.
235	beneficial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: beneficial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ωφέλιμος 2. επωφελής	Regular sleep is beneficial to memory and concentration.
236	skeleton	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: skeleton is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σκελετός	A whale's skeleton contains bones shaped like those in other mammals.
237	radical	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: radical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ριζοσπαστικός 2. ριζοσπάστης	The radical argued that reform was insufficient and demanded a new system.
238	illustrate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: illustrate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διευκρινίζω	The diagram will illustrate how water moves through the cycle.
239	assign	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assign is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αναθέτω 2. εκχωρώ	The director will assign each actor a role in the play.
240	transform	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: transform is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεταμορφώνω	New lighting can transform the unused warehouse into a theater.
241	exploit	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exploit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κατόρθωμα	Dishonest employers may exploit workers who lack legal protection.
242	theoretical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: theoretical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θεωρητικός	The theoretical probability of rolling a six is one sixth.
243	productivity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	παραγωγικότητα	New equipment increased the factory's productivity without extending work hours.
244	pasture	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pasture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. βοσκότοπος 2. λιβάδι	The horses grazed peacefully in the pasture.
245	reservation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	επιφύλαξη	Federal policy forced many Native communities onto a reservation.

Page 7 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 7.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Rain and empty streets establish a lonely _____.

Answer: mood

2. There is no _____ for borrowing books from the library.

Answer: charge

3. The garden _____ turned an empty lot into a source of food.

Answer: initiative

4. The _____ argued that reform was insufficient and demanded a new system.

Answer: radical

5. Federal policy forced many Native communities onto a _____.

Answer: reservation

Page 8: words 246–280

Vocabulary page 8
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
246	amend	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: amend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βελτιώνω	Lawmakers voted to amend the bill before the final vote.
247	digestion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. πέψη 2. χώνεψη	Digestion begins when food is chewed.
248	infrared	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: infrared is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υπέρυθρος	A thermal camera detects infrared radiation from warm objects.
249	cohesion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	συνοχή	Pronouns and transitions give the paragraph cohesion.
250	restriction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	περιορισμός	A seasonal restriction protects nesting birds from disturbance.
251	court	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: court is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δικαστήριο	The court listened to witnesses before reaching a decision.
252	data	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: data is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δεδομένα	We recorded the rainfall data in a table.
253	annual	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: annual is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ετήσιος 2. ενιαύσιος	Our town holds an annual lantern festival each spring.
254	party	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: party is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πάρτι 2. γιορτή	The new party focused its campaign on housing reform.
255	attempt	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: attempt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. απόπειρα 2. προσπάθεια	Her second attempt at the puzzle was successful.
256	treatment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. αγωγή 2. θεραπεία 3. θεραπευτικός	Rest was part of the recommended treatment.
257	term	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: term is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	όρος	The expression has three terms, and each term is separated by a plus sign.
258	negative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	αρνητικός	The critic gave a negative review of the confusing performance.
259	responsibility	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ibility forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action.	1. ευθύνη 2. υποχρέωση 3. υπευθυνότητα	Feeding the class fish is Hana's responsibility this week.
260	tradition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	παράδοση	Baking moon-shaped cakes is a family tradition.
261	appeal	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: appeal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. έλξη 2. γοητεία 3. προσφυγή	The mystery's unexpected ending added to its appeal.
262	secure	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: secure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ασφαλής 2. σιγουρεύω	Use strong rope to secure the canoe to the dock.
263	debate	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: debate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συζήτηση	The class held a debate about protecting the empty lot.
264	conflict	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: conflict is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σύρραξη	The characters resolve their conflict by speaking honestly.
265	peace	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: peace is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ειρήνη	The treaty created a fragile peace.
266	positive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	θετικός	A positive number appears to the right of zero on a number line.
267	occasionally	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	1. περιστασιακά 2. πού και πού	Deer occasionally visit the meadow at dawn.
268	technical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: technical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τεχνικός	The manual gives a technical explanation of the engine.
269	apparent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: apparent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φαινομενικός	It became apparent that the missing key was still in the lock.
270	establish	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: establish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καθιερώνω	Residents hope to establish a weekly farmers' market.
271	investment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	επένδυση	The railway was a major public investment.
272	liquid	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: liquid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υγρό	A liquid takes the shape of its container.
273	nuclear	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: nuclear is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πυρηνικός	A nuclear reaction changes an atom's nucleus.
274	aggressive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	επιθετικός	The aggressive goose hissed and charged toward the fence.
275	exact	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exact is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ακριβής	The exact meaning of the term depends on its scientific context.
276	transition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	μετάβαση	The transition “in contrast” signals that the next idea will differ.
277	distribution	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	κατανομή	The distribution has two clusters and one distant outlier.
278	diverse	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: diverse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διάφορος	A diverse forest contains plants of many sizes and species.
279	modest	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: modest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ταπεινός 2. μετριόφρων 3. σεμνός	The scientist gave a modest reply when praised for her discovery.
280	theme	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: theme is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θέμα	The theme of responsibility develops through each character's choices.

Page 8 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 8.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Lawmakers voted to _____ the bill before the final vote.

Answer: amend

2. The new _____ focused its campaign on housing reform.

Answer: party

3. The class held a _____ about protecting the empty lot.

Answer: debate

4. A _____ takes the shape of its container.

Answer: liquid

5. The _____ of responsibility develops through each character's choices.

Answer: theme

Page 9: words 281–315

Vocabulary page 9
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
281	subsequent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: subsequent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μεταγενέστερος 2. ύστερος	Subsequent experiments confirmed the first result.
282	regulation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	κανονισμός	The safety regulation requires workers to wear helmets.
283	devoted	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: devoted is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αφοσιωμένος	The devoted nurse checked on every patient.
284	reflection	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αντανάκλαση	The mirror formed an image through reflection.
285	demanding	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: demanding is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απαιτητικός	Training for the long race was demanding.
286	temporary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: temporary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προσωρινός	A temporary bridge will carry pedestrians during repairs.
287	diameter	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: diameter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διάμετρος	The plate's diameter is twice its radius.
288	adjust	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: adjust is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρυθμίζω	Please adjust the microscope until the image is clear.
289	calculate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: calculate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. υπολογίζω 2. λογαριάζω	We calculate the total cost by adding the three prices.
290	evolution	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	εξέλιξη	Fossils provide evidence of evolution over long periods.
291	bond	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bond is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ομόλογο	The city issued a bond to finance a new water system.
292	habitat	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: habitat is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πατρίδα	The marsh provides a habitat for frogs and herons.
293	monitor	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: monitor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. παρακολουθώ 2. εποπτεύω	Sensors monitor the bridge for unusual movement.
294	frustration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	στέρηση	Repeated computer errors caused understandable frustration.
295	experimental	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: experimental is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πειραματικός	Our experimental probability changed as we repeated the toss.
296	assumption	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	υπόθεση	The experiment tested our assumption that all seeds need direct sunlight.
297	confuse	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: confuse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συγχέω	Similar street names can confuse visitors.
298	publication	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. έκδοση 2. δημοσίευση	The scientific publication requires every study to describe its methods.
299	vary	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αλλάζω	Daily temperatures vary more in the desert than near the ocean.
300	verdict	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: verdict is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ετυμηγορία	After considering the evidence, the jury announced its verdict.
301	humidity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	υγρασία	High humidity made the warm day feel uncomfortable.
302	tension	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tension is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. τάση 2. ένταση	The locked door increases the tension as footsteps approach.
303	precision	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ακρίβεια	Building the model requires precision because each piece must fit.
304	competitive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	ανταγωνιστικός	The company submitted a competitive bid for the project.
305	workforce	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: workforce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εργατικό δυναμικό	The factory expanded its workforce when orders increased.
306	foster	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: foster is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεγαλώνω	The exchange program aims to foster respect between the two communities.
307	mandatory	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mandatory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υποχρεωτικός	Safety goggles are mandatory in the laboratory.
308	resemble	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resemble is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μοιάζω	The cloud seemed to resemble a sailing ship.
309	hypothesis	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hypothesis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υπόθεση	Our hypothesis predicts that warmer water will dissolve sugar faster.
310	mathematical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mathematical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μαθηματικός	The puzzle requires mathematical reasoning rather than guessing.
311	prototype	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prototype is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πρωτότυπο	The engineers tested a cardboard prototype before using metal.
312	distinctive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	χαρακτηριστικός	The bird's distinctive call begins with three short notes.
313	sustainability	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ability forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action.	αειφορία	The farm improved sustainability by rebuilding the soil.
314	lunar	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lunar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σεληνιακός	A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon.
315	simulation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	προσομοίωση	The computer simulation predicts how traffic may flow.

Page 9 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 9.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. _____ experiments confirmed the first result.

Answer: subsequent

2. We _____ the total cost by adding the three prices.

Answer: calculate

3. The scientific _____ requires every study to describe its methods.

Answer: publication

4. Safety goggles are _____ in the laboratory.

Answer: mandatory

5. The computer _____ predicts how traffic may flow.

Answer: simulation

Page 10: words 316–350

Vocabulary page 10
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
316	participation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	συμμετοχή	Online access increased participation in the public hearing.
317	sensor	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sensor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αισθητήρας	A light sensor turns the lamp on at dusk.
318	abolish	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: abolish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. καταργώ 2. καταλύω	The town voted to abolish the outdated parking rule.
319	compose	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. περιέχω 2. περιλαμβάνω 3. συμπεριλαμβάνω	Jada will compose a short melody for the school play.
320	genetics	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: genetics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γενετική	Genetics can help explain why related plants share certain features.
321	significance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	νόημα	The essay explains the significance of the broken watch in the final scene.
322	wellness	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ness forms a noun naming a quality or state.	ευεξία	Regular movement and sufficient sleep support overall wellness.
323	recycle	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: recycle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανακυκλώνω	The factory can recycle old glass into new bottles.
324	inspection	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	επιθεώρηση	A bridge inspection found corrosion beneath the road surface.
325	ethnicity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	εθνικότητα	The census asks about ethnicity separately from citizenship.
326	gravitational	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gravitational is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βαρυτικός	The moon's gravitational pull contributes to ocean tides.
327	turbine	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: turbine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. στρόβιλος 2. στροβιλομηχανή	Steam spins the turbine inside the power plant.
328	align	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: align is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ευθυγραμμίζω	The revised budget must align with the council's stated priorities.
329	courteous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	αβρόφρων	The courteous visitor waited until the speaker finished.
330	proximity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	εγγύτητα	The garden's proximity to the river makes flooding possible.
331	digestive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	πεπτικός	The digestive system begins processing food in the mouth.
332	pivotal	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pivotal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. καίριος 2. καθοριστικός 3. σημαντικός	The witness's photograph played a pivotal role in the investigation.
333	neutron	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: neutron is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	νετρόνιο	A neutron adds mass to an atom without adding electric charge.
334	propel	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: propel is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προωθώ	Expelled air can propel the balloon across the room.
335	interrogate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: interrogate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανακρίνω	Critical readers interrogate the article's assumptions and missing evidence.
336	excavate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: excavate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σκάβω	Archaeologists excavate the site with small tools and brushes.
337	property	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: property is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ιδιοκτησία	The bicycle is my property, so I keep it locked.
338	trade	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: trade is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εμπόριο	River routes allowed trade between distant communities.
339	lack	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lack is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. έλλειψη 2. ένδεια	A lack of rain caused the pond to shrink.
340	agreement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. συμφωνία 2. συνθήκη 3. συμφωνητικό	The neighbors reached an agreement to share the garden.
341	record	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: record is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εγγραφή 2. καταγραφή	The ship's log provides a record of the entire voyage.
342	basis	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: basis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βάση	Fairness was the basis of the new playground rule.
343	society	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: society is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κοινωνία	Trade shaped the society that developed around the harbor.
344	independent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: independent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανεξάρτητος	The independent researcher planned and completed her own investigation.
345	style	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: style is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. δημιουργώ 2. σχεδιάζω 3. ύφος	The author's style combines short dialogue with vivid description.
346	trial	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: trial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. δοκιμασία 2. δοκιμή	Surviving three nights in the storm was a severe trial.
347	appropriate	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: appropriate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κατάλληλος	Warm boots are appropriate for a snowy hike.
348	concern	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: concern is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ανησυχία 2. έγνοια	Water safety is a serious concern during the storm.
349	numerous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	πολυάριθμος	Numerous footprints crossed the muddy bank.
350	campaign	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: campaign is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. καμπάνια 2. εκστρατεία	The recycling campaign reduced waste at the stadium.

Page 10 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 10.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Online access increased _____ in the public hearing.

Answer: participation

2. A bridge _____ found corrosion beneath the road surface.

Answer: inspection

3. A _____ adds mass to an atom without adding electric charge.

Answer: neutron

4. Fairness was the _____ of the new playground rule.

Answer: basis

5. The recycling _____ reduced waste at the stadium.

Answer: campaign

Page 11: words 351–385

Vocabulary page 11
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
351	creative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	δημιουργικός	The creative engineer built a lamp from reused materials.
352	private	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: private is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ιδιωτικός	The farm is private property, although a public path crosses it.
353	influence	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	επιρροή	The coach's encouragement had a positive influence on the team.
354	impossible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	1. ακατόρθωτος 2. αδύνατος	It is impossible to roll a seven on a standard six-sided number cube.
355	afford	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: afford is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δίνω	We can afford the tickets after saving for two months.
356	volume	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: volume is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	όγκος	We found the box's volume by multiplying its length, width, and height.
357	severe	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: severe is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σφοδρός	A severe thunderstorm closed the hiking trail.
358	ordered	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ordered is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παραγγελμένος	An ordered pair lists the horizontal coordinate first.
359	solid	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: solid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. στερεό 2. στερεός	Ice is the solid form of water.
360	attractive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	ελκυστικός	Bright tiles make the old fountain more attractive.
361	outstanding	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: outstanding is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εξαιρετικός 2. ξεχωριστός	Mira received an award for her outstanding research project.
362	code	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: code is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κώδικας	The code tells the sensor when to activate the alarm.
363	stable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: stable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. σταθερός 2. ευσταθής	The ladder felt stable on the level ground.
364	internal	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: internal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εσωτερικός	The mechanic inspected the engine's internal parts.
365	district	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: district is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περιοχή	Each district elects one council member.
366	determined	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: determined is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποφασισμένος	The determined runner continued through the heavy rain.
367	minor	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: minor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ήσσων 2. ασήμαντος 3. ελάσσων	A minor scratch did not affect how the machine worked.
368	potential	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: potential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δυναμικό	The raised book has gravitational potential because it can fall.
369	goods	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: goods is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγαθά	The train carried goods from inland factories to the port.
370	motion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: motion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πρόταση	The camera recorded the cart's motion down the ramp.
371	category	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: category is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κατηγορία	Place each rock in a category based on how it formed.
372	routine	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: routine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρουτίνα	Packing my bag at night is part of my morning routine.
373	revolution	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	επανάσταση	The revolution ended the monarch's rule.
374	extraordinary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: extraordinary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ασυνήθιστος 2. αναπάντεχος 3. αξεπέραστος	The telescope revealed an extraordinary view of Saturn.
375	relief	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: relief is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανακούφιση	We felt relief when the lost hikers returned safely.
376	expression	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. παράσταση 2. διατύπωση 3. όρος	The expression six plus four has a value of ten.
377	reference	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	πηγές	The atlas is a useful reference when studying regional geography.
378	instant	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: instant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	στιγμή	For an instant, lightning brightened the whole field.
379	ease	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ease is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διευκολύνω	A cool cloth can ease the sting of a minor burn.
380	analysis	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: analysis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανάλυση	Her analysis explains how the poem's repeated image develops its theme.
381	capacity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	απόδοση	The theater has a seating capacity of eight hundred.
382	praise	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: praise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. επαινώ 2. εγκωμιάζω	Teachers praise effort as well as success.
383	visual	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: visual is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οπτικός	A visual chart made the instructions easier to follow.
384	settlement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. οικισμός 2. αποικισμός	The settlement grew beside a reliable water source.
385	percentage	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: percentage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ποσοστό	The percentage of blue marbles is sixty because sixty out of every hundred are blue.

Page 11 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 11.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The _____ engineer built a lamp from reused materials.

Answer: creative

2. Ice is the _____ form of water.

Answer: solid

3. The raised book has gravitational _____ because it can fall.

Answer: potential

4. The atlas is a useful _____ when studying regional geography.

Answer: reference

5. The _____ of blue marbles is sixty because sixty out of every hundred are blue.

Answer: percentage

Page 12: words 386–420

Vocabulary page 12
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
386	status	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: status is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. υπόσταση 2. θέση	The tracking page shows the delivery status of each package.
387	contrast	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: contrast is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντιπαραβάλλω	The essay will contrast life in a village with life in a large city.
388	atmosphere	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: atmosphere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ατμόσφαιρα	Earth's atmosphere contains the oxygen people breathe.
389	square	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: square is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ορθογώνιος	The square has both rectangle and rhombus properties.
390	muscle	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: muscle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μυς	The heart is a powerful muscle.
391	confident	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: confident is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άκακος	After rehearsing, Amir felt confident about giving his speech.
392	gradually	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	1. βαθμιαία 2. σταδιακά	The sky gradually brightened before sunrise.
393	bitter	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bitter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πικρός	The raw cocoa tasted bitter without sugar.
394	decline	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: decline is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κλίνω	The frog population may decline if the pond dries up.
395	generous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	γενναιόδωρος	A generous neighbor donated books to the new library.
396	bronze	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bronze is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μπρούντζινος 2. μπρούτζινος 3. χάλκινος	The museum displayed a small statue made of bronze.
397	resolution	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. απόφαση 2. ψήφισμα	In the resolution, the neighbors rebuild the damaged garden together.
398	citizen	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: citizen is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πολίτης 2. υπήκοος	Every citizen may contact elected representatives.
399	proceed	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: proceed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ακολουθώ	When the light turns green, cyclists may proceed across the bridge.
400	setting	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: setting is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κατεύθυνση	The isolated lighthouse provides a tense setting for the mystery.
401	housing	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: housing is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σπίτι	Rising rents created a shortage of affordable housing.
402	agriculture	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: agriculture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γεωργία	Agriculture provides food and materials for communities.
403	expand	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: expand is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επεκτείνω	The writer will expand the final paragraph with another example.
404	degree	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: degree is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. βαθμός 2. μοίρα	The polynomial 2x⁴ – x has degree four.
405	stock	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: stock is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μετοχή	Buying one stock gives an investor a small ownership stake in the company.
406	flexible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	εύκαμπτος	The flexible branch bent beneath the snow.
407	transfer	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: transfer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μετακινώ 2. μεταφέρω 3. μεταθέτω	The cable can transfer the photographs to a computer.
408	recover	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: recover is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανακτώ	The injured bird may recover after several weeks of care.
409	invisible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	1. αόρατος 2. άφαντος 3. αναίσθητος	Air is invisible, but we can feel it moving.
410	agency	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: agency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πρακτορείο	The environmental agency monitors air pollution.
411	overcome	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: overcome is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	νικώ	With practice, Jayla began to overcome her fear of speaking.
412	subway	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: subway is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μετρό 2. υπόγειος	We took the subway beneath the crowded streets.
413	shallow	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: shallow is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ρηχός 2. αβαθής	Tiny fish gathered in the shallow water near the shore.
414	obvious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	προφανής	The missing wheel was the most obvious problem.
415	expense	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: expense is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	έξοδο	Rent was the family's largest monthly expense.
416	eager	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: eager is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανυπόμονος	The eager campers unpacked their tents quickly.
417	identical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: identical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απαράλλακτος	The two keys looked identical, but only one opened the door.
418	random	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: random is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τυχαίος	A random sample reduces the influence of personal choice.
419	plot	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: plot is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πλοκή	The plot changes direction when the missing map is discovered.
420	pace	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pace is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρυθμός	Short sentences quicken the pace of the chase scene.

Page 12 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 12.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The tracking page shows the delivery _____ of each package.

Answer: status

2. The frog population may _____ if the pond dries up.

Answer: decline

3. The writer will _____ the final paragraph with another example.

Answer: expand

4. We took the _____ beneath the crowded streets.

Answer: subway

5. Short sentences quicken the _____ of the chase scene.

Answer: pace

Page 13: words 421–455

Vocabulary page 13
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
421	memorable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	αξιομνημόνευτος	Our visit to the volcano was a memorable experience.
422	constant	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: constant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. σταθερός 2. συνεχής 3. σταθερά	Water volume was a constant in every trial.
423	organ	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: organ is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. όργανο 2. εκκλησιαστικό όργανο	The heart is an organ that pumps blood.
424	encouraging	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: encouraging is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παροτρυντικός	The coach's encouraging words helped the team recover.
425	audience	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	1. ακροατήριο 2. κοινό	The writer defines technical terms because the audience includes beginners.
426	solar	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: solar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ηλιακός	A solar cooker concentrates sunlight to heat food.
427	composition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. σύνθεση 2. σύσταση	The photograph's composition draws attention to the child in the doorway.
428	combine	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: combine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. συνδυάζω 2. ενώνω 3. σχηματίζω	We combine flour and water to make the dough.
429	innovation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	καινοτομία	The lightweight battery was an important innovation.
430	database	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: database is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βάση δεδομένων	The library database lets readers find books by subject.
431	proportion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αναλογία	We used a proportion to find the missing map distance.
432	alternate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: alternate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αλλάζω	We alternate between reading silently and discussing the chapter.
433	conclude	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: conclude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τελειώνω	From the muddy tracks, we conclude that a deer crossed the path.
434	approve	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: approve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εγκρίνω	The committee must approve the plan before construction begins.
435	immense	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: immense is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πελώριος	An immense iceberg floated beyond the ship.
436	platform	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: platform is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πλατφόρμα	The candidate's platform includes proposals on housing and transportation.
437	mechanism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	μηχανισμός	A spring mechanism closes the door automatically.
438	earnings	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: earnings is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	έσοδα	She saved part of her weekly earnings for a new laptop.
439	concentration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. συγκέντρωση 2. αυτοσυγκέντρωση	Evaporation increased the salt concentration in the remaining water.
440	consequence	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	συνέπεια	One consequence of the drought was a smaller wheat harvest.
441	adventure	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: adventure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περιπέτεια	The adventure follows two friends across an unmapped island.
442	mutual	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mutual is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κοινός	The teams treated one another with mutual respect.
443	elaborate	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: elaborate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εμβαθύνω	The parade featured an elaborate float covered with paper flowers.
444	mystery	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mystery is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μυστήριο	The mystery provides enough clues for careful readers to identify the thief.
445	supportive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	στηρικτικός	Her supportive teammates cheered after every attempt.
446	median	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: median is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μεσαίος 2. διάμεσος	The median of three, five, and nine is five.
447	embarrassed	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: embarrassed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αμήχανος	Kai felt embarrassed after calling the teacher by the wrong name.
448	detect	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: detect is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανακαλύπτω	The alarm can detect smoke before flames appear.
449	fiction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fiction is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μυθιστόρημα	The fiction blends an invented family with an accurately researched setting.
450	tasty	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tasty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	νόστιμος	Fresh herbs made the soup tasty.
451	disclose	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: disclose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποκαλύπτω	The label must disclose every ingredient in the snack.
452	analyze	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: analyze is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναλύω	Scientists analyze the water to learn whether it is clean.
453	unity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: unity is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ενότητα	Repeated images of water give the poem unity.
454	metallic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: metallic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μεταλλικός 2. μετάλλινος	The beetle's wings had a metallic green shine.
455	institution	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ίδρυμα	A court is an institution that applies and interprets law.

Page 13 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 13.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Our visit to the volcano was a _____ experience.

Answer: memorable

2. The lightweight battery was an important _____.

Answer: innovation

3. She saved part of her weekly _____ for a new laptop.

Answer: earnings

4. Kai felt _____ after calling the teacher by the wrong name.

Answer: embarrassed

5. A court is an _____ that applies and interprets law.

Answer: institution

Page 14: words 456–490

Vocabulary page 14
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
456	continuous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. αδιάκοπος 2. συνεχής 3. διαρκής	The machine produced a continuous hum all night.
457	advancement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	προαγωγή	The new vaccine was an important medical advancement.
458	crystal	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: crystal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. κρύσταλλος 2. κρύσταλλο	Each salt crystal has a regular cubic shape.
459	vacant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vacant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ελεύθερος	The vacant nest remained in the tree after the birds left.
460	fossil	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fossil is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απολίθωμα	The rock contained a fossil of a small shell.
461	acknowledge	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: acknowledge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναγνωρίζω	The report should acknowledge evidence that challenges its conclusion.
462	portable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	φορητός	We used a portable stove to cook at the campsite.
463	input	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: input is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εγγράφω	The microphone converts sound input into an electrical signal.
464	principle	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: principle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αρχή	Fairness is the principle behind giving each speaker equal time.
465	translate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: translate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεταφράζω	Students will translate the short message from French into English.
466	diversity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	ποικιλότητα	Linguistic diversity reflects the region's migration history.
467	harmony	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: harmony is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αρμονία	The choir added harmony beneath the main melody.
468	emerge	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: emerge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναδύομαι	A butterfly will emerge from the chrysalis.
469	rotation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	περιστροφή	Earth's rotation causes day and night.
470	obligation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	υποχρέωση	Owning a pet creates an obligation to provide food and care.
471	depart	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: depart is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναχωρώ	The ferry will depart at nine o'clock.
472	static	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: static is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χιόνια	The stubborn mayor is a static character who ignores every warning.
473	favorable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	ευνοϊκός	Favorable winds carried the sailboat toward the harbor.
474	toxic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: toxic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. τοξικός 2. δηλητηριώδης	The label warns that the liquid is toxic if swallowed.
475	accuracy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: accuracy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ακρίβεια	Calibration improved the thermometer's accuracy.
476	estimated	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: estimated is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εκτιμώμενος	The estimated repair cost may change after workers open the wall.
477	interpretation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. ερμηνεία 2. διερμηνεία	Her interpretation of the ending depends on the final image of the open gate.
478	dimension	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	διάσταση	Measure each dimension of the box before designing its cover.
479	coordinate	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: coordinate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συντεταγμένη	The first coordinate tells how far to move horizontally.
480	combination	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	συνδυασμός	Choosing three committee members from ten is a combination.
481	magnitude	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: magnitude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μέγεθος	The magnitude of the earthquake was recorded by several stations.
482	civic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: civic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αστικός	Voting is one form of civic participation.
483	decisive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	αποφασιστικός	The decisive captain changed course before the storm arrived.
484	reproduction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αναπαραγωγή	Flowering plants use seeds for reproduction.
485	admiration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	θαυμασμός	We watched the skilled musician with admiration.
486	ecosystem	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ecosystem is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οικοσύστημα	Removing one species can affect the entire ecosystem.
487	resolve	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resolve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποφασίζω	A neutral mediator helped the neighbors resolve the boundary dispute.
488	expansion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. επέκταση 2. διαστολή	Railway expansion connected inland farms with coastal ports.
489	precise	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: precise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ακριβής	A precise description allowed the technician to locate the fault quickly.
490	thrive	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: thrive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ακμάζω	Tomato plants thrive in warm sunlight.

Page 14 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 14.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The machine produced a _____ hum all night.

Answer: continuous

2. Fairness is the _____ behind giving each speaker equal time.

Answer: principle

3. _____ winds carried the sailboat toward the harbor.

Answer: favorable

4. Voting is one form of _____ participation.

Answer: civic

5. Tomato plants _____ in warm sunlight.

Answer: thrive

Page 15: words 491–525

Vocabulary page 15
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
491	tidy	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tidy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. τακτοποιημένος 2. περιποιημένος 3. φροντισμένος	Kai kept his tools tidy on the workbench.
492	component	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: component is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. συστατικό 2. εξάρτημα	The battery is a crucial component of the emergency radio.
493	empathy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: empathy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. κατανόηση 2. συμπάθεια	Reading the refugee's diary helped students develop empathy.
494	descend	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: descend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κατεβαίνω	Dark clouds descend over the valley before the rain.
495	auditorium	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: auditorium is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αίθουσα	Families filled the auditorium for the school concert.
496	confidential	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: confidential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απόρρητος	Medical records contain confidential information.
497	irrigation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	άρδευση	Drip irrigation carries water directly to plant roots.
498	variation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	παραλλαγή	Color variation helps some beetles blend into different backgrounds.
499	merchant	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: merchant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. έμπορος 2. έμπορας 3. εμπόρισσα	The merchant carried spices between coastal ports.
500	administrative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. διοικητικός 2. διαχειριστικός	The principal assigned the scheduling issue to administrative staff.
501	measurement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. μέτρηση 2. καταμέτρηση 3. επιμέτρηση	Record each measurement to the nearest millimeter.
502	alter	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: alter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αλλάζω	The director will alter the ending to fit the shorter performance.
503	criticize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	1. επικρίνω 2. ασκώ κριτική	A helpful reviewer can criticize the argument without insulting the writer.
504	methodology	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -logy means the study of a subject.	μεθοδολογία	The report explains its methodology so other researchers can repeat the work.
505	motivate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: motivate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παρακινώ	A clear goal can motivate a team to keep practicing.
506	cylinder	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cylinder is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κύλινδρος	The can is approximately a cylinder.
507	courageous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. γενναίος 2. θαρραλέος	The courageous witness told the truth despite feeling afraid.
508	classification	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. ταξινόμηση 2. κατάταξη	The classification of rocks depends on how they formed.
509	geography	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: geography is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γεωγραφία	Geography explains how rivers shaped the settlement pattern.
510	dictate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dictate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαταγή	The reporter will dictate notes to an assistant by phone.
511	attribute	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: attribute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποδίδω	Researchers attribute the decline in fish to warmer water.
512	infinite	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: infinite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άπειρος	A mathematical line extends an infinite distance in both directions.
513	reconstruction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. ανακατασκευή 2. αναστήλωση 3. ανοικοδόμηση	Postwar reconstruction restored roads and created new institutions.
514	ion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ιόν	A sodium atom becomes a positive ion after losing an electron.
515	compensation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	συμψηφισμός	Residents received compensation for property damaged by the construction.
516	stability	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. σταθερότητα 2. ευστάθεια	A wide base improves the tower's stability.
517	sphere	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sphere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σφαίρα	A basketball approximates a sphere.
518	emission	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	εκπομπή	The factory installed filters to reduce each harmful emission.
519	emphasize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	υπογραμμίζω	Bold type can emphasize the report's main finding.
520	cite	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παραθέτω	Writers cite the article after using its data.
521	extinct	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: extinct is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	νεκρός	The dodo has been extinct for centuries.
522	terminate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: terminate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διακόπτω	The agreement allows either side to terminate the contract.
523	persuade	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: persuade is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πείθω	Strong evidence may persuade the board to restore the bus route.
524	informative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	κατατοπιστικός	The museum guide was concise and informative.
525	probable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. πιθανός 2. ενδεχόμενος	Heavy clouds make rain probable this afternoon.

Page 15 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 15.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Kai kept his tools _____ on the workbench.

Answer: tidy

2. The _____ carried spices between coastal ports.

Answer: merchant

3. The _____ of rocks depends on how they formed.

Answer: classification

4. A basketball approximates a _____.

Answer: sphere

5. Heavy clouds make rain _____ this afternoon.

Answer: probable

Page 16: words 526–560

Vocabulary page 16
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
526	modify	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: modify is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μετατρέπω	Engineers will modify the design so the ramp is less steep.
527	perception	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αντίληψη	Lighting can change the perception of a room's size.
528	accessible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	προσιτός	The museum provides an accessible entrance and captions for its videos.
529	specify	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	1. προσδιορίζω 2. συγκεκριμενοποιώ	The directions specify which measurements belong in the final table.
530	exert	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exert is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μεταχειρίζομαι 2. ασκώ	Climbers must exert extra force on the steep slope.
531	ecology	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ecology is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οικολογία	Ecology examines how water quality affects an entire food web.
532	excerpt	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: excerpt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απόσπασμα	We read an excerpt from the explorer's journal.
533	derive	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: derive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προέρχομαι	Many English words derive from Latin and Greek roots.
534	burrow	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: burrow is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φωλιά	The rabbit disappeared into its burrow beneath the hedge.
535	reinforce	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reinforce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ενισχύω	Steel beams reinforce the old building during earthquakes.
536	accumulate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: accumulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συσσωρεύω	Dust can accumulate on a shelf that is rarely cleaned.
537	interactive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. διαδραστικός 2. αλληλεπιδραστικός 3. διαλογικός	The interactive map displays new information when a region is selected.
538	effectiveness	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ness forms a noun naming a quality or state.	αποτελεσματικότητα	The trial measures the effectiveness of the new filtration method.
539	simulate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: simulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απομιμούμαι	The computer model can simulate the movement of a hurricane.
540	isolation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	απομόνωση	Geographic isolation allowed the island species to develop independently.
541	minimize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	ελαχιστοποιώ	Protective covers minimize damage from dust and sunlight.
542	exaggerate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exaggerate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. υπερβάλλω 2. παραφουσκώνω 3. μεγαλοποιώ	Do not exaggerate the size of the fish you caught.
543	compile	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεταγλωττίζω	Students compile their field notes into a shared report.
544	adversity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	αντιξοότητες	The neighbors supported one another through adversity.
545	characteristic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: characteristic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. χαρακτηριστικός 2. τυπικός	Dark volcanic soil is characteristic of the island.
546	complementary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: complementary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντικείμενο	Angles of thirty and sixty degrees are complementary.
547	ingenious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	μεγαλοφυής	Her ingenious trap caught rainwater without harming wildlife.
548	analytical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: analytical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναλυτικός	An analytical reader compares the author's claim with the supporting data.
549	thematic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: thematic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θεματικός	The novel's thematic focus on belonging connects its different episodes.
550	optimize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	βελτιστοποιώ	The team will optimize the blade angle to capture more wind.
551	condensation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	συμπύκνωση	Condensation formed droplets on the cold glass.
552	saturated	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: saturated is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κορεσμένος	No more sugar dissolved once the solution became saturated.
553	imaginative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	ευφάνταστος	The imaginative solution reused rainwater to cool the roof.
554	conscientious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ευσυνείδητος	The conscientious volunteer checked every name on the list.
555	formulate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: formulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διατυπώνω	The council will formulate a plan after reviewing the evidence.
556	photosynthesis	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: photosynthesis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φωτοσύνθεση	During photosynthesis, leaves release oxygen.
557	exclude	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exclude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποκλείω	A study should not exclude relevant evidence merely because it challenges the hypothesis.
558	collaborative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. συλλογικός 2. συνεργατικός	The collaborative project combines local knowledge with satellite data.
559	embryo	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: embryo is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	έμβρυο	The plant embryo is protected inside the seed.
560	tribune	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tribune is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τριβούνος	The tribune could veto certain actions that threatened plebeians.

Page 16 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 16.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Engineers will _____ the design so the ramp is less steep.

Answer: modify

2. The rabbit disappeared into its _____ beneath the hedge.

Answer: burrow

3. Students _____ their field notes into a shared report.

Answer: compile

4. No more sugar dissolved once the solution became _____.

Answer: saturated

5. The _____ could veto certain actions that threatened plebeians.

Answer: tribune

Page 17: words 561–595

Vocabulary page 17
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
561	complication	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	επιπλοκή	A sudden flood creates a complication in the travelers' plan.
562	cordial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cordial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εγκάρδιος	Despite their disagreement, the candidates remained cordial.
563	artisan	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: artisan is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τεχνίτης	The artisan shaped clay into durable storage jars.
564	terminating	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: terminating is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τερματισμός	One eighth has the terminating decimal 0.125.
565	embark	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: embark is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. επιβιβάζομαι 2. μπαρκάρω	The researchers embark on a five-year study of coastal erosion.
566	glossary	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: glossary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γλωσσάριο	The glossary defines unfamiliar words used in the ecology chapter.
567	fascinate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fascinate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συναρπάζω	Deep-sea creatures fascinate scientists and students alike.
568	correspond	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: correspond is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αλληλογραφώ	Each colored line should correspond to one category in the key.
569	cartography	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -graphy relates to writing, recording, or describing.	χαρτογραφία	Modern cartography uses satellite images to show changing coastlines.
570	relational	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: relational is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σχεσιακός	The database uses relational links between customers and orders.
571	microorganism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	μικροοργανισμός	Some kinds of microorganism help produce yogurt.
572	saturate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: saturate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κορεννύω	Continued rain will saturate the soil.
573	annotate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: annotate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υπομνηματίζω	Readers annotate the article by marking claims and unfamiliar terms.
574	synchronize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	συγχρονίζω	The technicians synchronize the clocks before collecting measurements.
575	election	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. εκλογή 2. εκλογές	The student council election will take place on Friday.
576	western	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: western is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δυτικός	Dark clouds gathered over the western hills.
577	certainly	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	1. βεβαίως 2. σίγουρα 3. ασφαλώς	The fresh tracks certainly belong to a large animal.
578	tax	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tax is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φόρος	The sales tax helps fund local services.
579	federal	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: federal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ομοσπονδιακός	Federal law applies throughout the country.
580	economic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: economic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οικονομικός	The new harbor created economic opportunities.
581	channel	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: channel is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κανάλι	The storm cut a new channel through the sand.
582	firm	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: firm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. στέρεος 2. στερεός 3. γερός	Press the seed into the firm soil.
583	eastern	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: eastern is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανατολικός	Morning sunlight warmed the eastern side of the house.
584	justice	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: justice is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δικαιοσύνη	The court seeks justice by examining evidence carefully.
585	income	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: income is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εισόδημα 2. έσοδα	Part of her summer income went into savings.
586	majority	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. πλειονότητα 2. πλειοψηφία	A majority of the class voted for the outdoor activity.
587	quarter	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: quarter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. τέταρτο 2. τεταρτημόριο	Nina ate one quarter of the orange.
588	initial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: initial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αρχικός	Our initial plan changed after we saw the weather forecast.
589	congress	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: congress is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κογκρέσο	Congress considered a bill about national parks.
590	mass	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mass is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μάζα	The balance measures the rock's mass in grams.
591	executive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	εκτελεστικός	The executive branch enforces federal laws.
592	economy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: economy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οικονομία	Tourism supports the island's economy.
593	prime	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prime is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πρώτος	Seven is a prime number because only one and seven divide it evenly.
594	capable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: capable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ικανός	Nora is capable of repairing the bicycle herself.
595	threat	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: threat is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απειλή	Polluted water is a threat to the frogs in the marsh.

Page 17 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 17.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. A sudden flood creates a _____ in the travelers' plan.

Answer: complication

2. Modern _____ uses satellite images to show changing coastlines.

Answer: cartography

3. The sales _____ helps fund local services.

Answer: tax

4. Nina ate one _____ of the orange.

Answer: quarter

5. Polluted water is a _____ to the frogs in the marsh.

Answer: threat

Page 18: words 596–630

Vocabulary page 18
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
596	extreme	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: extreme is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άκρος	Extreme heat can make outdoor exercise unsafe.
597	typical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: typical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πρόστυχος	Four equal sides are typical of a square.
598	represent	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: represent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εκπροσωπώ 2. αντιπροσωπεύω	On the map, blue lines represent rivers.
599	labor	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: labor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εργασία	Building the stone wall required many hours of labor.
600	accurate	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: accurate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ακριβής	The accurate map showed every turn on the trail.
601	manner	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: manner is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τρόπος	Tariq spoke in a calm manner during the debate.
602	absolute	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: absolute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απόλυτος	The referee asked for absolute silence before the final shot.
603	portion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: portion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μερίδα	Only a small portion of the moon was visible.
604	regional	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: regional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τοπικός	The regional train connects several nearby cities.
605	character	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: character is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χαρακτήρας	The youngest character notices the clue that every adult missed.
606	duty	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: duty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. καθήκον 2. υποχρέωση	Serving on a jury can be a citizen's duty.
607	profit	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: profit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. κέρδος 2. όφελος	The bakery used its profit to buy a larger oven.
608	route	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: route is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαδρομή	The map shows the safest route across the mountains.
609	healthcare	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: healthcare is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υγειονομική περίθαλψη	The clinic provides healthcare to families in remote villages.
610	innocent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: innocent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αθώος	The video proved that the accused driver was innocent.
611	fault	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fault is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φταίξιμο	Pressure built along the fault before the earthquake.
612	context	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: context is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμφραζόμενα	The context shows that “bank” refers to the side of a river.
613	solo	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: solo is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σόλο	Mina practiced her violin solo for the concert.
614	guilty	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: guilty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ένοχος	The guilty child admitted breaking the vase.
615	familiar	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: familiar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. γνωστός 2. γνώριμος 3. οικείος	The familiar song reminded him of summer camp.
616	territory	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: territory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	έδαφος	The map shows the territory governed by the northern kingdom.
617	republic	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: republic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δημοκρατία	The constitution established the nation as a republic.
618	disaster	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: disaster is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καταστροφή	Emergency teams brought food after the flood disaster.
619	compete	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compete is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαγωνίζομαι	Six teams compete in the solar-car challenge.
620	independence	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	ανεξαρτησία	The nation declared independence after years of conflict.
621	rapid	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rapid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ταχύς 2. γρήγορος 3. γοργός	Rapid snowmelt raised the river level.
622	scene	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: scene is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σκηνή	The courtroom scene brings the two opposing witnesses together.
623	software	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: software is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	λογισμικό	The designer updated the software to fix a security problem.
624	merely	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	αλλά	The shadow was merely a branch moving in the wind.
625	perspective	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: perspective is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προοπτική	The diary presents the voyage from a young sailor's perspective.
626	constitution	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	σύνταγμα	The constitution describes the powers of each branch.
627	precious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	πολύτιμος	The old photograph is precious to our family.
628	commit	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: commit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κλείνω	Our team will commit time each week to cleaning the beach.
629	column	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: column is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	στήλη	Write each answer in the correct column of the chart.
630	alert	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: alert is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προσεκτικός	The alert lifeguard noticed the struggling swimmer at once.

Page 18 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 18.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. _____ heat can make outdoor exercise unsafe.

Answer: extreme

2. The _____ train connects several nearby cities.

Answer: regional

3. Mina practiced her violin _____ for the concert.

Answer: solo

4. The courtroom _____ brings the two opposing witnesses together.

Answer: scene

5. The _____ lifeguard noticed the struggling swimmer at once.

Answer: alert

Page 19: words 631–665

Vocabulary page 19
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
631	underground	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: underground is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. υπόγεια 2. υπόγειος	The mole dug an underground tunnel.
632	democracy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -cracy relates to rule or a system of government.	δημοκρατία	In a democracy, citizens vote in elections.
633	relation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	σχέση	The graph shows the relation between rainfall and plant growth.
634	equivalent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: equivalent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ισοδύναμος	Two quarters are equivalent to one half.
635	involvement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. ανάμειξη 2. συμμετοχή	Parent involvement helped the community garden succeed.
636	succeed	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: succeed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. επιτυγχάνω 2. καταφέρνω 3. κατορθώνω	With patience and practice, the team can succeed.
637	awkward	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: awkward is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αδέξιος	The long package was awkward to carry through the doorway.
638	union	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: union is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ένωση 2. σύνδεσμος	Leaders debated how to preserve the union.
639	mature	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mature is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ώριμος	Green tomatoes mature more quickly in warm sunlight.
640	loss	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: loss is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απώλεια	The shop reported a loss after repairs cost more than monthly sales.
641	circuit	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: circuit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κύκλωμα	The bulb lights when the circuit is closed.
642	frequent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: frequent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συχνός	Frequent rain keeps the forest floor damp.
643	moral	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: moral is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ηθικός	The fable's moral warns readers not to be greedy.
644	venture	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: venture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εγχείρημα	Opening a weekend craft stall was a new venture for Maya.
645	considerable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	σημαντικός	Repairing the roof required considerable time and effort.
646	wage	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: wage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μισθός 2. μεροκάματο	The farm pays each worker an hourly wage.
647	producer	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: producer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παραγωγός	Grass is a producer that uses sunlight to make food.
648	noble	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: noble is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αριστοκρατικός	Returning the lost wallet was a noble act.
649	electricity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	ηλεκτρισμός	The wind turbine generates electricity.
650	permit	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: permit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επιτρέπω	Park rules permit bicycles only on marked paths.
651	amateur	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: amateur is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ερασιτέχνης	The amateur photographer captured a remarkable rainbow.
652	accidentally	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	κατά λάθος	I accidentally spilled water on the drawing.
653	association	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	σύνδεσμος	The scatter plot suggests a positive association between temperature and ice-cream sales.
654	relevant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: relevant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σχετικός	Include only relevant details in the summary.
655	medium	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: medium is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μέσος 2. μέτριος	Clay was the sculptor's chosen medium.
656	draft	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: draft is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προσχέδιο	Her first draft contains strong ideas but needs clearer organization.
657	alliance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	συμμαχία	The two nations formed an alliance for mutual defense.
658	resist	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resist is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αντιστέκομαι 2. εναντιώνομαι	The strong roof can resist heavy wind.
659	aside	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: aside is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ειρήσθω εν παρόδω	In an aside, the actor revealed the villain's secret plan.
660	proud	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: proud is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περήφανος	The volunteers felt proud of the garden they had restored.
661	occasion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ευκαιρία	The family saved the decorated dishes for a special occasion.
662	angle	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: angle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. γωνία 2. κόγχη	A right angle measures ninety degrees.
663	amendment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. τροπολογία 2. αναθεώρηση	The amendment added a new protection to the constitution.
664	physician	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: physician is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ιατρός 2. γιατρός	The physician listened carefully to the patient's heartbeat.
665	patient	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: patient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. υπομονετικός 2. ασθενής	A patient instructor explained the process again.

Page 19 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 19.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The mole dug an _____ tunnel.

Answer: underground

2. Green tomatoes _____ more quickly in warm sunlight.

Answer: mature

3. Returning the lost wallet was a _____ act.

Answer: noble

4. The two nations formed an _____ for mutual defense.

Answer: alliance

5. A _____ instructor explained the process again.

Answer: patient

Page 20: words 666–700

Vocabulary page 20
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
666	index	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: index is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. κατάλογος 2. ευρετήριο 3. πίνακας	Use the index to locate every page that discusses volcanoes.
667	regret	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: regret is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μετανιώνω 2. λυπούμαι	I regret leaving the seedlings outside during the frost.
668	ratio	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ratio is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	λόγος	The ratio of red beads to blue beads is two to three.
669	currency	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: currency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	νόμισμα	Travelers exchanged their currency before the trip.
670	commerce	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: commerce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εμπόριο	The port became a center of international commerce.
671	partial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: partial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μερικός	A partial eclipse covered only part of the sun.
672	frequency	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: frequency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συχνότητα	A higher sound frequency produces a higher pitch.
673	resistance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	αντίσταση	Local resistance delayed the invading army.
674	legislation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	νομοθεσία	The new legislation requires safer drinking water.
675	sequence	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	1. ακολουθία 2. σειρά 3. αλληλουχία	Put the pictures in sequence from seed to flowering plant.
676	insurance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	ασφάλιση	Home insurance helped pay for repairs after the storm.
677	religion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: religion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θρησκεία	The constitution protects a person's right to practice a religion.
678	empire	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: empire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αυτοκρατορία	Roads helped the empire move soldiers and messages quickly.
679	peer	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: peer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ευγενής	Ask a peer to check your work before you submit it.
680	defense	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: defense is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άμυνα	The defense questioned whether the witness could see clearly.
681	administration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	διαχείριση	The administration proposed a revised national budget.
682	reform	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reform is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μεταρρύθμιση 2. αναμόρφωση	The education reform provided books to rural schools.
683	infection	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. λοίμωξη 2. μόλυνση	The doctor treated the cut to prevent infection.
684	conservation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	διατήρηση	Water conservation becomes especially important during drought.
685	retreat	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: retreat is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. υποχώρηση 2. αποτραβιέμαι	The hikers retreat when lightning strikes nearby.
686	plane	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: plane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επίπεδο	Three noncollinear points determine a plane.
687	tissue	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tissue is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ιστός	Muscle tissue contracts to move the body.
688	sufficient	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sufficient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αρκετός	One flashlight provided sufficient light for the small tent.
689	variable	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: variable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεταβλητή	In the equation, the variable x stands for an unknown number.
690	comparison	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: comparison is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σύγκριση	The essay makes a comparison between two creation myths.
691	treaty	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: treaty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συνθήκη	The treaty established a peaceful border.
692	investigate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: investigate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ερευνώ	Detectives investigate the footprints beside the broken window.
693	humble	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: humble is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σεμνός	Although she won the prize, Lina remained humble.
694	summit	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: summit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κορυφή	The climbers reached the summit before noon.
695	cooperation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. συνεργασία 2. συνεταιρισμός	The heavy table was moved safely through cooperation.
696	ray	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ray is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ημιευθεία	Each side of an angle is a ray extending from the vertex.
697	debt	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: debt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χρέος	The city repaid its construction debt over twenty years.
698	tone	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tone is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ήχος	The letter's respectful tone made the criticism easier to accept.
699	cabinet	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cabinet is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υπουργικό συμβούλιο	The president met with the cabinet to discuss the emergency.
700	reliable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	αξιόπιστος	We used a reliable weather source before planning the trip.

Page 20 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 20.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Use the _____ to locate every page that discusses volcanoes.

Answer: index

2. The new _____ requires safer drinking water.

Answer: legislation

3. The doctor treated the cut to prevent _____.

Answer: infection

4. Detectives _____ the footprints beside the broken window.

Answer: investigate

5. We used a _____ weather source before planning the trip.

Answer: reliable

Page 21: words 701–735

Vocabulary page 21
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
701	estimate	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: estimate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. υπολογισμός 2. εκτίμηση	Our estimate placed the crowd at about five hundred people.
702	suspicious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ύποπτος	A suspicious noise came from the locked room.
703	consistent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: consistent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σαφής	Her measurements were consistent across all three trials.
704	tragic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tragic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τραγικός	The museum tells the tragic story of the lost expedition.
705	era	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: era is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. περίοδος 2. εποχή	The invention marked the beginning of a new era in communication.
706	drama	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: drama is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δράμα	The drama reveals its conflict through dialogue and stage directions.
707	parallel	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: parallel is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παράλληλος	Opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel.
708	strike	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: strike is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απεργία	The strike ended after employers agreed to negotiate.
709	spectrum	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: spectrum is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. φάσμα 2. φωτόφασμα	A prism separates white light into a spectrum.
710	guardian	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: guardian is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κηδεμόνας	Her guardian signed the permission form for the trip.
711	subscription	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	συνδρομή	Our library has a subscription to a science magazine.
712	shout	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: shout is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φωνάζω	Do not shout near animals that frighten easily.
713	ballot	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ballot is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ψηφοδέλτιο	Each voter marked one choice on the ballot.
714	identity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	ταυτότητα	Language became an important part of the community's identity.
715	revenue	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: revenue is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	έσοδο	Ticket revenue pays for museum conservation.
716	mixed	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mixed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μιγάς	The mixed number two and one third equals seven thirds.
717	jealous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ζηλιάρης	Nia felt jealous when her friend won the solo.
718	export	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: export is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εξάγω	Local farms export coffee to markets overseas.
719	integrity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	ακεραιότητα	Returning the extra change showed Carlos's integrity.
720	abandon	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: abandon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εγκαταλείπω 2. παρατώ 3. αφήνω	The crew had to abandon the damaged boat.
721	root	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: root is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρίζα	The root “spect” relates to looking or seeing.
722	statistics	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: statistics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	στατιστική	Statistics can reveal patterns that individual values do not show.
723	pollution	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. ρύπανση 2. μόλυνση	Air pollution can make breathing difficult.
724	patience	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	υπομονή	Growing a garden requires patience because seeds develop slowly.
725	rural	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rural is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγροτικός	The rural clinic serves farms spread across a large county.
726	gender	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gender is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γένος	Ideas about gender roles vary across societies and time.
727	insult	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: insult is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προσβολή	Calling someone's careful work useless is an insult.
728	valid	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: valid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. έγκυρος 2. αποδεκτός	The experiment needs a control group to produce a valid comparison.
729	tropical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tropical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τροπικός	Colorful parrots live in the tropical forest.
730	mixture	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mixture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. κράμα 2. μείγμα	Trail mix is a mixture whose ingredients remain separate.
731	compound	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compound is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ένωση	Water is a compound made from hydrogen and oxygen.
732	prey	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prey is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βορά	The mouse hid from the owl that hunted it as prey.
733	manufacture	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: manufacture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κατασκευάζω	The factory will manufacture bicycles from recycled metal.
734	furious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ξέφρενος	Furious waves struck the rocks during the storm.
735	legacy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: legacy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κληρονομιά	The scientist's legacy includes both discoveries and trained students.

Page 21 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 21.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Our _____ placed the crowd at about five hundred people.

Answer: estimate

2. A prism separates white light into a _____.

Answer: spectrum

3. Local farms _____ coffee to markets overseas.

Answer: export

4. Calling someone's careful work useless is an _____.

Answer: insult

5. The scientist's _____ includes both discoveries and trained students.

Answer: legacy

Page 22: words 736–770

Vocabulary page 22
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
736	loyalty	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: loyalty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αφοσίωση	The guide praised the dog's loyalty to its owner.
737	frontier	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: frontier is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σύνορο	The novel follows a family traveling across the western frontier.
738	manufacturing	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: manufacturing is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παραγωγή	Automobile manufacturing supports many related industries.
739	privacy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: privacy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ιδιωτικότητα 2. μυστικότητα	Check the privacy settings before sharing a photograph.
740	objective	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	αντικειμενικός	An objective review discusses both the strengths and weaknesses of the book.
741	logic	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: logic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	λογική	The detective used logic to eliminate impossible explanations.
742	realistic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: realistic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρεαλιστικός	The artist painted a realistic portrait of the old fisherman.
743	legislature	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: legislature is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	νομοθετικό σώμα	The state legislature debated the education bill.
744	exhibit	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exhibit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. έκθεση 2. εκθέτω 3. παρουσιάζω	The museum will exhibit tools from the early settlement.
745	determination	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αποφασιστικότητα	Her determination helped her finish the steep climb.
746	maritime	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: maritime is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θάλασσα	The coastal museum displays maritime tools and maps.
747	countless	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: countless is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αμέτρητος 2. αναρίθμητος	Countless stars filled the dark desert sky.
748	circular	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: circular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κυκλικός	We followed a circular path around the pond.
749	earthquake	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: earthquake is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. σεισμός 2. Εγκέλαδος 3. τερρεμότο	The earthquake damaged buildings near the fault.
750	judicial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: judicial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δικαστικός	The judicial branch decides how laws apply to cases.
751	transmission	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. διάδοση 2. μετάδοση	Clean water systems reduce the transmission of several diseases.
752	prominent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prominent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εμφανής 2. περίοπτος	A prominent ridge rises above the valley.
753	companion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: companion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σύντροφος	The guide's faithful dog was his companion on every hike.
754	impress	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: impress is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εντυπωσιάζω	The dancer's balance will impress the judges.
755	principal	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: principal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διευθυντής	The principal character must decide whether to reveal the secret.
756	fantasy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fantasy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. φαντασία 2. λογοτεχνία του φανταστικού	The fantasy imagines a library whose books can speak.
757	delta	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: delta is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δέλτα	The river formed a fertile delta beside the sea.
758	colony	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: colony is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποικία	The distant colony sent raw materials to the ruling nation.
759	runway	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: runway is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διάδρομος	The airplane waited at the end of the runway.
760	wealth	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: wealth is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πλούτος	Trade created wealth for the port but did not benefit every resident equally.
761	trend	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: trend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. τάση 2. ροπή	The graph shows an upward trend in average temperature.
762	comedy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: comedy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κωμωδία	The comedy turns a series of mistaken identities into a joyful reunion.
763	selfish	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: selfish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εγωιστικός	The selfish character kept all the food for himself.
764	convert	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: convert is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μετατρέπω	Solar panels convert sunlight into electrical energy.
765	convention	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	σύμβαση	A hidden clue is a common convention of mystery stories.
766	petition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. αίτηση 2. αναφορά	The petition asked the town to preserve the old theater.
767	edit	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: edit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επεξεργάζομαι	Partners edit each other's explanations for clarity.
768	import	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: import is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εισάγω	The country must import fruit during the cold season.
769	citizenship	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: citizenship is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ιθαγένεια 2. υπηκοότητα	Responsible citizenship includes learning about public issues.
770	spotlight	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: spotlight is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προβολέας	The spotlight followed the dancer across the stage.

Page 22 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 22.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The guide praised the dog's _____ to its owner.

Answer: loyalty

2. The museum will _____ tools from the early settlement.

Answer: exhibit

3. The guide's faithful dog was his _____ on every hike.

Answer: companion

4. The _____ turns a series of mistaken identities into a joyful reunion.

Answer: comedy

5. The _____ followed the dancer across the stage.

Answer: spotlight

Page 23: words 771–805

Vocabulary page 23
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
771	rough	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rough is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σκληρός	The rough stone can scratch polished wood.
772	contemporary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: contemporary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. σύγχρονο 2. σύγχρονος	Contemporary accounts describe how residents experienced the flood.
773	framework	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: framework is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πλαίσιο 2. σκελετός	The outline provides a framework for the research paper.
774	eligible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	έτοιμος	Students who complete the course are eligible for the certificate.
775	anxious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. αγχώδης 2. αγχωμένος	Dev felt anxious while waiting for news about the missing dog.
776	destructive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	καταλυτικός	The destructive storm tore branches from several trees.
777	collaboration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	συνεργασία	The mural required collaboration among artists, students, and residents.
778	myth	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: myth is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μύθος	The ancient myth tells how the stars reached the sky.
779	basin	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: basin is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	λεκάνη απορροής	Rain from the entire basin flows toward the main river.
780	pointless	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pointless is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άκαρπος	Arguing about a finished game would be pointless.
781	adjustment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. διευθέτηση 2. ρύθμιση 3. προσαρμογή	One adjustment made the telescope image clearer.
782	immigration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	μετανάστευση	Immigration changed the city's languages, foods, and industries.
783	margin	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: margin is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περιθώριο	The team won by a margin of three points.
784	dispute	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dispute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. έριδα 2. διένεξη 3. διαμάχη	Several historians dispute the traditional account of the voyage.
785	reign	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reign is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βασιλεύω	The palace was expanded during the queen's reign.
786	miserable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	άθλιος	The soaked hikers felt miserable in the cold wind.
787	poverty	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: poverty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. φτώχια 2. αδεκαρία	The relief program seeks to reduce childhood poverty.
788	offensive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	προσβλητικός	The editor removed an offensive stereotype from the advertisement.
789	gear	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gear is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ταχύτητα	The smaller gear turns faster than the larger gear.
790	controversy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: controversy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαμάχη	The proposal created controversy among residents.
791	tolerance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	ανοχή	A respectful community practices tolerance toward different traditions.
792	assure	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαβεβαιώνω	The coach tried to assure the team that their preparation was strong.
793	prompt	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prompt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. γραπτή οδηγία 2. ερώτημα	Read the writing prompt before planning your response.
794	fragile	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fragile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εύθραυστος 2. διαρρηκτός	The fragile shell cracked when it fell.
795	antique	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: antique is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντίκα	The antique clock still chimed every hour.
796	protest	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: protest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαμαρτυρία	The peaceful protest called for safer working conditions.
797	formula	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: formula is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τύπος	The formula gives the area of a triangle.
798	acid	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: acid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οξύ	Lemon juice contains an acid called citric acid.
799	inquiry	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inquiry is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. διερεύνηση 2. ερώτηση	The class began an inquiry into the river's changing water level.
800	withdraw	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: withdraw is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποσύρω	The injured runner had to withdraw from the race.
801	ignorant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ignorant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αδαής	We were ignorant of the trail closure until we saw the sign.
802	graph	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: graph is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γράφημα	The graph shows how temperature changed during the day.
803	adequate	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: adequate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αρκετός	The hikers carried an adequate supply of water for the afternoon.
804	accomplish	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: accomplish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επιτυγχάνω	Careful planning helped the volunteers accomplish their goal before sunset.
805	legend	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: legend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θρύλος	According to the local legend, a hidden bell rings before a storm.

Page 23 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 23.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The _____ stone can scratch polished wood.

Answer: rough

2. Rain from the entire _____ flows toward the main river.

Answer: basin

3. The editor removed an _____ stereotype from the advertisement.

Answer: offensive

4. The _____ gives the area of a triangle.

Answer: formula

5. According to the local _____, a hidden bell rings before a storm.

Answer: legend

Page 24: words 806–840

Vocabulary page 24
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
806	concrete	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: concrete is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. υλικός 2. συγκεκριμένος	The proposal needs concrete steps, not general promises.
807	suspension	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. ανάρτηση 2. κρέμασμα	Muddy water is a suspension because soil particles eventually sink.
808	comply	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: comply is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συγκατατίθεμαι	Cyclists must comply with the trail's safety signs.
809	teammate	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: teammate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. συμπαίκτης 2. συμπαίκτρια	My teammate passed the ball before the defender arrived.
810	steadily	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	σταθερά	Snow fell steadily throughout the afternoon.
811	marina	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: marina is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. λιμανάκι 2. μαρίνα	Fishing boats returned to the marina before the storm.
812	heroic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: heroic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ηρωικός	The firefighter made a heroic rescue from the burning house.
813	output	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: output is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παραγωγή	The screen displays the sensor's output as a graph.
814	coalition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	συνασπισμός	Several parties formed a coalition to pass the reform.
815	remainder	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: remainder is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υπόλοιπο	Seventeen divided by five has a remainder of two.
816	insist	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: insist is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επιμένω	The guide will insist that everyone wear a helmet.
817	entertain	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: entertain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διασκεδάζω	The storyteller used funny voices to entertain the children.
818	electrical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: electrical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ηλεκτρολογικός	The electrical circuit opens when the switch is lifted.
819	probability	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ability forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action.	πιθανότητα	The probability of rolling an even number is one half.
820	enthusiasm	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: enthusiasm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ενθουσιασμός	Her enthusiasm for astronomy inspired the whole club.
821	axis	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: axis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άξονας	The horizontal axis shows time in minutes.
822	conservative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	συντηρητικός	Engineers used a conservative estimate for the bridge's safe load.
823	minority	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. μειονότητα 2. μειοψηφία	The constitution protects minority rights against majority abuse.
824	vulnerable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	ευάλωτος	Young turtles are vulnerable to predators on the beach.
825	transparent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: transparent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαφανής	The transparent glass revealed the fish inside the tank.
826	sympathy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sympathy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμπάθεια	We expressed sympathy to the family after their loss.
827	evaluate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: evaluate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αξιολογώ	The judges evaluate each design for strength and originality.
828	disappointment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	απογοήτευση	The canceled trip brought disappointment to the campers.
829	adaptation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	προσαρμογή	A camel's ability to conserve water is an adaptation to desert life.
830	submarine	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: submarine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υποβρύχιο	The research submarine photographed life on the ocean floor.
831	masterpiece	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: masterpiece is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αριστούργημα	Many visitors consider the painted ceiling a masterpiece.
832	exhaust	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exhaust is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εξαντλώ 2. εξουθενώνω	Climbing the steep stairs will exhaust an unprepared runner.
833	senate	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: senate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γερουσία	The Roman senate advised officials and controlled important financial decisions.
834	diagnosis	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: diagnosis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διάγνωση	The doctor confirmed the diagnosis after reviewing the test results.
835	vaccine	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vaccine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εμβόλιο	The vaccine reduced the spread of the illness.
836	seize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: seize is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παίρνω	The goalkeeper will seize the ball with both hands.
837	colorful	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: colorful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πολύχρωμος	A colorful kite rose above the beach.
838	translation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	μετάφραση	The translation moves the triangle four units to the right.
839	narrative	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: narrative is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αφήγηση 2. αφήγημα	The oral history presents a personal narrative of migration.
840	expectation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	προσδοκία	Our expectation of clear skies changed when thunder began.

Page 24 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 24.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The proposal needs _____ steps, not general promises.

Answer: concrete

2. Several parties formed a _____ to pass the reform.

Answer: coalition

3. The constitution protects _____ rights against majority abuse.

Answer: minority

4. Climbing the steep stairs will _____ an unprepared runner.

Answer: exhaust

5. Our _____ of clear skies changed when thunder began.

Answer: expectation

Page 25: words 841–875

Vocabulary page 25
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
841	entrepreneur	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: entrepreneur is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επιχειρηματίας	The young entrepreneur opened a bicycle repair shop.
842	neglect	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: neglect is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παραμελώ	Plants may wilt if gardeners neglect them.
843	hesitate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hesitate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διστάζω	I hesitate before stepping onto the slippery bridge.
844	metropolitan	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: metropolitan is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μητροπολίτης	The metropolitan rail system connects downtown with nearby suburbs.
845	bias	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bias is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προκατάληψη	A fair survey avoids bias by asking neutral questions.
846	colonial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: colonial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποικιακός	The museum restored a colonial house built by early settlers.
847	curiosity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	περιέργεια	Curiosity led the children to examine the unusual shell.
848	literal	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: literal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κυριολεκτικός	The literal meaning of freezing is becoming solid from cold.
849	preliminary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: preliminary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εισαγωγικός	Preliminary results suggest that the treatment may be effective.
850	indigenous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ιθαγενής	The exhibit honors indigenous knowledge of local plants.
851	tendency	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tendency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. τάση 2. ροπή	The river has a tendency to rise after several days of rain.
852	fraction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	κλάσμα	The shaded fraction of the circle is three fourths.
853	circulation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	κυκλοφορία	Exercise can increase blood circulation.
854	canyon	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: canyon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. φαράγγι 2. χαράδρα	The river flows along the bottom of the canyon.
855	stubborn	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: stubborn is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πεισματάρης	The stubborn goat refused to leave the garden.
856	stellar	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: stellar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αστρικός	The telescope captured a stellar explosion in a distant galaxy.
857	extinction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	εξαφάνιση	Habitat loss can push rare animals toward extinction.
858	protocol	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: protocol is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πρωτόκολλο	The laboratory protocol requires goggles and closed shoes.
859	compromise	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compromise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμβιβασμός	The final schedule was a compromise between the two proposals.
860	wilderness	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ness forms a noun naming a quality or state.	ερημιά	The protected wilderness contains forests, rivers, and mountains.
861	compassion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. συμπόνια 2. ευσπλαχνία	Neighbors showed compassion by bringing meals to the injured family.
862	absurd	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: absurd is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παράλογος	The absurd rumor claimed that the tiny pond contained a whale.
863	representation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αναπαράσταση	Residents demanded fair representation on the regional council.
864	liberty	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: liberty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ελευθερία	The charter promises liberty of expression.
865	statistical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: statistical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	στατιστικός	The survey revealed a statistical pattern in commuting times.
866	justify	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	δικαιώνω	The committee must justify its decision to close the trail.
867	inflation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	πληθωρισμός	Inflation made the same basket of groceries more expensive.
868	abstract	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: abstract is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αφηρημένος 2. δυσνόητος	Justice is an abstract concept that societies define in different ways.
869	composite	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: composite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρωμαϊκός	Twelve is a composite number with several factor pairs.
870	comfortably	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	1. άνετα 2. βολικά	Four people can sit comfortably on the wide bench.
871	uniform	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: uniform is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ομοιόμορφος	The machine applies a uniform layer of paint.
872	boundary	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: boundary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. σύνορο 2. όριο	Storms formed near the boundary between warm and cold air.
873	triangle	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: triangle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τρίγωνο	The triangle has one right angle.
874	metaphor	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: metaphor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεταφορά	The sentence “The moon is a lantern” contains a metaphor.
875	lava	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lava is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	λάβα	The lava cooled into dark rock.

Page 25 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 25.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The young _____ opened a bicycle repair shop.

Answer: entrepreneur

2. _____ results suggest that the treatment may be effective.

Answer: preliminary

3. The laboratory _____ requires goggles and closed shoes.

Answer: protocol

4. _____ made the same basket of groceries more expensive.

Answer: inflation

5. The _____ cooled into dark rock.

Answer: lava

Page 26: words 876–910

Vocabulary page 26
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
876	romance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: romance is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρομάντζο	The historical romance develops alongside the struggle to save the family farm.
877	interface	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: interface is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διεπαφή	The app's interface uses clear labels and large buttons.
878	polite	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: polite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ευγενικός	The polite guest thanked the host before leaving.
879	gratitude	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gratitude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ευγνωμοσύνη	We wrote notes of gratitude to the volunteers.
880	debris	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: debris is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συντρίμμια	Workers cleared storm debris from the road.
881	altitude	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: altitude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υψόμετρο	The air becomes thinner as altitude increases.
882	affection	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. στοργή 2. τρυφερότητα 3. ασθένεια	The dog showed affection by resting its head on Mina's knee.
883	unlikely	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: unlikely is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απίθανος	It is unlikely that the small pond caused the regional flood.
884	grave	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: grave is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βαρύς	The doctor warned that the infection posed a grave danger.
885	domain	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: domain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πεδίο ορισμού	Negative numbers are outside the domain when x represents elapsed time.
886	discrimination	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	διάκριση	The law prohibits employment discrimination.
887	define	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: define is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καθορίζω	The opening paragraph should define the problem before proposing a solution.
888	inherited	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inherited is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κληρονομημένος	Eye color is an inherited trait.
889	jurisdiction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	δικαιοδοσία	The city court has jurisdiction over local traffic cases.
890	consensus	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: consensus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ομοφωνία 2. κοινή συναίνεση	After a long discussion, the council reached a consensus.
891	fracture	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fracture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κάταγμα	The doctor found a small fracture in the injured wrist.
892	jury	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: jury is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ένορκοι	The jury examined the evidence before reaching a verdict.
893	dialogue	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dialogue is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. διάλογος 2. συνομιλία	The dialogue reveals that the sisters remember the event differently.
894	poetic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: poetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ποιητικός	The author used poetic language to describe the moon.
895	dependent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dependent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εξαρτημένος	Plant height is the dependent variable in the experiment.
896	inevitable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	αναπόφευκτος	Some erosion is inevitable when waves strike an unprotected shore.
897	momentum	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: momentum is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ορμή	The heavy cart had enough momentum to roll up the small hill.
898	ethical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ethical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ηθικός	Researchers must follow ethical rules when working with volunteers.
899	vague	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vague is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ασαφής 2. αόριστος	The vague directions did not explain which road to take.
900	optimistic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: optimistic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αισιόδοξος	The optimistic gardener believed the damaged plants would recover.
901	distinguish	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: distinguish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. διακρίνω 2. ξεχωρίζω	The field guide helps readers distinguish hawks from falcons.
902	peculiar	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: peculiar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παράξενος	A peculiar humming sound came from the empty shed.
903	segment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: segment is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τμήμα	Measure the segment from A to B.
904	equality	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	ισότητα	The amendment advanced legal equality.
905	compact	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compact is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. συμπαγής 2. πυκνός	The compact toolkit fits beneath the bicycle seat.
906	radius	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: radius is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ακτίνα	The compass was set to a radius of five centimeters.
907	instinct	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: instinct is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ένστικτο 2. ένστιχτο	Migration is an instinct in many bird species.
908	cooperative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	συνεργάσιμος	The cooperative group divided the research tasks fairly.
909	thesis	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: thesis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πραγματεία	The essay's thesis argues that the wetland should be protected.
910	utter	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: utter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αρθρώνω 2. βγάζω 3. εκφέρω	The startled child could barely utter a word.

Page 26 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 26.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The historical _____ develops alongside the struggle to save the family farm.

Answer: romance

2. The doctor warned that the infection posed a _____ danger.

Answer: grave

3. The _____ reveals that the sisters remember the event differently.

Answer: dialogue

4. A _____ humming sound came from the empty shed.

Answer: peculiar

5. The startled child could barely _____ a word.

Answer: utter

Page 27: words 911–945

Vocabulary page 27
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
911	discomfort	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: discomfort is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. δυσφορία 2. ενόχληση	The new shoes caused discomfort during the long walk.
912	conversion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	μεταστροφή	The conversion from meters to centimeters multiplies the value by one hundred.
913	authentic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: authentic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αυθεντικός	The museum displayed an authentic letter signed by the explorer.
914	tolerate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tolerate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανέχομαι	These plants can tolerate a few nights of cold weather.
915	sincere	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sincere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ειλικρινής	Her sincere apology helped repair the friendship.
916	enthusiastic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: enthusiastic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ενθουσιαστικός	The enthusiastic volunteers arrived early with extra supplies.
917	pitch	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pitch is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ύψος 2. πίσσα	A faster vibration produces a higher pitch.
918	supplement	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: supplement is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμπληρώνω	The teacher will supplement the article with a short video.
919	orbit	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: orbit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τροχιά	The satellite completes one orbit every ninety minutes.
920	thoughtful	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: thoughtful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ευγενικός	Her thoughtful question helped the speaker explain the issue.
921	plead	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: plead is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ικετεύω	The lost hikers plead for help over the radio.
922	inspect	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inspect is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γνωματεύω	A mechanic will inspect the brakes before the trip.
923	unemployment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	ανεργία	The factory closure caused unemployment to rise.
924	inclusion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	προσθήκη	The ramp improved inclusion by making the stage accessible.
925	flexibility	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ibility forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action.	1. ευελιξία 2. ευκαμψία	Gentle stretching can improve flexibility.
926	algorithm	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: algorithm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αλγόριθμος	The search engine uses an algorithm to rank results.
927	pardon	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pardon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αμνηστία 2. χάρη	The governor may pardon a prisoner after reviewing the case.
928	despair	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: despair is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. απελπισία 2. απόγνωση	The stranded sailors felt despair when the radio stopped working.
929	deliberate	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: deliberate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εσκεμμένος	Her deliberate choice of strong evidence improved the argument.
930	generosity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	γενναιοδωρία	The shelter thanked the town for its generosity.
931	blossom	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: blossom is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ανθός 2. ανθίζω	The apple trees blossom when warm weather returns.
932	assembly	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assembly is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. συνέλευση 2. σύνοδος	Final assembly of the bicycle occurs after the frame is painted.
933	civilization	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	πολιτισμός	The river supported a civilization of farmers and traders.
934	reluctant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reluctant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απρόθυμος	The reluctant puppy stopped at the edge of the water.
935	narrator	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: narrator is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αφηγητής 2. αφηγήτρια	The narrator knows what every character is thinking.
936	interpret	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: interpret is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ερμηνεύω	Students interpret the graph by comparing the heights of its bars.
937	glimpse	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: glimpse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βλέπω φευγαλέα	We caught a glimpse of the fox before it vanished.
938	weary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: weary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κουρασμένος	The weary runners rested beneath a shady tree.
939	spectacle	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: spectacle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θέαμα	The meteor shower was a brilliant spectacle.
940	elite	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: elite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ελίτ 2. αφρόκρεμα	Only the elite of the sport qualify for the final race.
941	acute	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: acute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οξύς	The village faced an acute shortage of medicine.
942	restrict	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: restrict is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περιορίζω	Park rules restrict campfires during dry weather.
943	conductor	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: conductor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγωγός	Copper is a good conductor of electricity.
944	restless	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: restless is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανήσυχος	The restless horse paced around the stable.
945	meadow	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: meadow is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	λιβάδι	Butterflies drifted across the sunny meadow.

Page 27 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 27.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The new shoes caused _____ during the long walk.

Answer: discomfort

2. The satellite completes one _____ every ninety minutes.

Answer: orbit

3. The stranded sailors felt _____ when the radio stopped working.

Answer: despair

4. We caught a _____ of the fox before it vanished.

Answer: glimpse

5. Butterflies drifted across the sunny _____.

Answer: meadow

Page 28: words 946–980

Vocabulary page 28
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
946	reduction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αναγωγή	During reduction, copper ions gain electrons and become copper atoms.
947	mortgage	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mortgage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υποθήκη	The family compared interest rates before choosing a mortgage.
948	census	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: census is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απογραφή	The census records population changes every ten years.
949	negotiate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: negotiate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαπραγματεύομαι	The two groups will negotiate how to share the meeting space.
950	clause	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: clause is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ρήτρα 2. όρος	The sentence begins with a dependent clause.
951	surroundings	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: surroundings is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μέρος	The owl's brown feathers blend with its woodland surroundings.
952	hygiene	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hygiene is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υγιεινή	Good hand hygiene helps prevent infection.
953	cautious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	προσεκτικός	The cautious climber tested each handhold.
954	sloppy	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sloppy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υγρός	Sloppy measurements can ruin a science experiment.
955	recovery	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: recovery is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ανάρρωση 2. ανάκαμψη 3. ανάκτηση	Wetland recovery began after grazing ended.
956	verse	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: verse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	στροφή	The ballad tells the sailor's story in verse.
957	referendum	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: referendum is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δημοψήφισμα	The tax plan will be decided by referendum.
958	archive	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: archive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αρχείο 2. σμήνος	The digital archive contains scanned newspapers from the last century.
959	compensate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compensate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πληρώνω	The store will compensate customers for the damaged goods.
960	programming	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: programming is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προγραμματισμός	Programming the robot required a loop that repeated the movement.
961	substitute	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: substitute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αναπληρωματικός 2. αλλάζω	Substitute six for x before simplifying the expression.
962	propaganda	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: propaganda is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προπαγάνδα	The poster used propaganda to portray every critic as an enemy.
963	genre	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: genre is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ύφος	Readers recognize the detective genre by its clues and investigation.
964	fairness	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ness forms a noun naming a quality or state.	1. αμεροληψία 2. δικαιοκρισία 3. εντιμότητα	The referee's fairness earned respect from both teams.
965	embarrassment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	ντρόπιασμα	He laughed at his embarrassment after realizing his shirt was backward.
966	orchard	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: orchard is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οπωρώνας	We picked ripe peaches in the orchard.
967	exclusive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	αποκλειστικός	The interview contains exclusive information not reported elsewhere.
968	heritage	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: heritage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κληρονομιά	The festival celebrates the region's musical heritage.
969	explicit	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: explicit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ρητός 2. σαφής	The recipe gives explicit instructions for handling the hot pan.
970	volcano	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: volcano is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ηφαίστειο	The volcano released steam from its summit.
971	hardship	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hardship is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ενιτιά	The long drought created hardship for local farmers.
972	removal	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: removal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απαγωγή	The removal of Indigenous nations caused widespread suffering and death.
973	banking	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: banking is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τραπεζιτικές εργασίες	Online banking allows customers to transfer funds without visiting a branch.
974	vertical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vertical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. κατακόρυφος 2. κάθετος	Vertical angles always have equal measures.
975	vivid	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vivid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ζωηρός	The author used vivid details to describe the storm.
976	safeguard	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: safeguard is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. διασφάλιση 2. εξασφάλιση	Strong passwords safeguard private information.
977	crater	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: crater is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κρατήρας	Steam rose from the volcano's crater.
978	commonwealth	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: commonwealth is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κοινοπολιτεία	The constitution described the state as a commonwealth.
979	tragedy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tragedy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τραγωδία	The tragedy shows how the ruler's pride harms the entire city.
980	migration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	μετεγκατάσταση	Seasonal jobs encouraged migration toward the coast.

Page 28 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 28.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. During _____, copper ions gain electrons and become copper atoms.

Answer: reduction

2. _____ measurements can ruin a science experiment.

Answer: sloppy

3. Readers recognize the detective _____ by its clues and investigation.

Answer: genre

4. The _____ of Indigenous nations caused widespread suffering and death.

Answer: removal

5. Seasonal jobs encouraged _____ toward the coast.

Answer: migration

Page 29: words 981–1015

Vocabulary page 29
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
981	logical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: logical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	λογικός	The final conclusion is logical because each step follows from evidence.
982	immune	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: immune is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανοσοποιητικός	An immune response targets a harmful pathogen.
983	conviction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. πεποίθηση 2. πίστη	Her conviction that every child deserves books inspired the donation drive.
984	terrain	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: terrain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. έδαφος 2. έκταση	The rocky terrain slowed the rescue vehicles.
985	aggregate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: aggregate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κοινός	The website can aggregate rainfall records from many weather stations.
986	jealousy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: jealousy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ζήλια	Jealousy made the character ignore her friend's success.
987	arrogant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: arrogant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. υπεροπτικός 2. αλαζονικός	The arrogant champion refused to congratulate the other team.
988	texture	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: texture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υφή	Thick brushstrokes give the painting a rough texture.
989	sanctuary	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sanctuary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. άσυλο 2. καταφύγιο	The wetland is a sanctuary for migrating birds.
990	solitary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: solitary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μονήρης 2. μοναχικός	A solitary lighthouse stood on the rocky island.
991	anticipate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: anticipate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προβλέπω	Farmers anticipate frost when the temperature drops sharply.
992	linear	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: linear is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γραμμικός	A linear relationship adds the same amount at each step.
993	journalism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	δημοσιογραφία	Responsible journalism separates confirmed facts from speculation.
994	velocity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	ταχύτητα	The boat's velocity changed when it turned east.
995	inequality	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	ανισότητα	The inequality x > 7 represents all numbers greater than seven.
996	miniature	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: miniature is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μικροσκοπικός	The exhibit included a miniature model of the castle.
997	atom	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: atom is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άτομο	An atom contains a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
998	eruption	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	έκρηξη	The eruption sent a cloud of ash into the sky.
999	throne	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: throne is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θρόνος	The prince renounced the throne and left the kingdom.
1000	refuge	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: refuge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. καταφύγιο 2. άσυλο	The cave offered refuge from the sudden hailstorm.
1001	accountability	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ability forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action.	1. ευθύνη 2. υπευθυνότητα	Public reports create accountability for how the funds are spent.
1002	respectful	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: respectful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ευλαβικός	A respectful listener does not interrupt.
1003	pedestrian	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pedestrian is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πεζός	The driver stopped to let a pedestrian cross the street.
1004	friction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	τριβή	Friction between the tires and road helps the bicycle stop.
1005	hardware	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hardware is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υλισμικό	The keyboard and monitor are computer hardware.
1006	nutrition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. διατροφή 2. θρέψη	Balanced nutrition supplies energy and essential nutrients.
1007	hurricane	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hurricane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τυφώνας	The hurricane strengthened before reaching the coast.
1008	discretion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. διακριτικότητα 2. εχεμύθεια	The guide used discretion and canceled the hike as clouds darkened.
1009	advocacy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: advocacy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προώθηση	Her advocacy helped the town build safer sidewalks.
1010	irregular	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: irregular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανώμαλος	The stone has an irregular shape with five uneven sides.
1011	comprehend	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: comprehend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κατανοώ	The timeline helped us comprehend the order of historical events.
1012	meter	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: meter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μέτρο	The steady meter resembles the beat of marching feet.
1013	solidarity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	αλληλεγγύη	The march expressed solidarity with families displaced by the flood.
1014	cellular	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cellular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κυτταρικός	The microscope revealed damage at the cellular level.
1015	trait	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: trait is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βολή	Patience is a useful trait for a careful scientist.

Page 29 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 29.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The final conclusion is _____ because each step follows from evidence.

Answer: logical

2. The wetland is a _____ for migrating birds.

Answer: sanctuary

3. The _____ sent a cloud of ash into the sky.

Answer: eruption

4. The _____ strengthened before reaching the coast.

Answer: hurricane

5. Patience is a useful _____ for a careful scientist.

Answer: trait

Page 30: words 1016–1050

Vocabulary page 30
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1016	monarch	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: monarch is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μονάρχης	The monarch addressed the nation from the palace.
1017	grim	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: grim is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ζοφερός	The rescue team faced grim conditions in the flooded valley.
1018	beverage	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: beverage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ποτό	Tea was the warm beverage served after the winter walk.
1019	folklore	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: folklore is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. λαογραφία 2. λαϊκή παράδοση	The tale of the mountain spirit belongs to local folklore.
1020	astronomical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: astronomical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αστρονομικός	The observatory stores astronomical data about distant stars.
1021	subtle	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: subtle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διακριτικός	A subtle shift in tone makes the apology sound insincere.
1022	verify	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: verify is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επαληθεύω	We verify the quotation by finding it in the original speech.
1023	suspend	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: suspend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναστέλλω	Workers suspend the bridge deck from thick steel cables.
1024	perimeter	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: perimeter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περίμετρος	Add all four side lengths to find the garden's perimeter.
1025	navigate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: navigate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κυβερνώ	Sailors use charts and stars to navigate across the ocean.
1026	crossroads	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: crossroads is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σταυροδρόμι	A wooden sign stood at the crossroads.
1027	moderate	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: moderate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απαλύνω	The moderate sought a compromise acceptable to both sides.
1028	editing	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: editing is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επεξεργασία	Careful editing removed three sentence fragments from the report.
1029	hostile	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hostile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εχθρικός	Few plants can survive the crater's hostile conditions.
1030	dynasty	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dynasty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δυναστεία	The dynasty governed the kingdom for nearly two centuries.
1031	dominate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dominate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δεσπόζω	A tall mountain will dominate the western skyline.
1032	protagonist	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ist often names a person associated with a field, belief, or practice.	πρωταγωνιστής	The protagonist must choose between safety and helping a friend.
1033	federation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ομοσπονδία	The provinces joined a federation while retaining local legislatures.
1034	rational	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rational is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρητός	The decimal 0.75 is rational because it equals three fourths.
1035	ashamed	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ashamed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αισχρός 2. επονείδιστος	He felt ashamed after admitting that he had lied.
1036	sovereignty	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sovereignty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κυριαρχία	The treaty recognized the island nation's sovereignty.
1037	irony	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: irony is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ειρωνεία 2. ειρωνία	There is irony in a fire station winning a prize for its flooded garden.
1038	commodity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. αγαθά 2. εμπόρευμα	Coffee is an important commodity in global trade.
1039	autonomy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: autonomy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αυτονομία	The project gave students autonomy to choose their research question.
1040	simplify	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	απλοποιώ	A labeled diagram can simplify the instructions.
1041	onward	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: onward is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προς τα εμπρός	After a short rest, the explorers traveled onward.
1042	flashlight	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: flashlight is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φακός	Keep a flashlight beside the emergency supplies.
1043	annoy	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: annoy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ενόχληση 2. ενοχλώ 3. πειράζω	A dripping tap can annoy anyone trying to sleep.
1044	enforcement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	κολακεία	Weak enforcement allowed factories to ignore the pollution limit.
1045	tide	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tide is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παλίρροια	The falling tide exposed pools among the rocks.
1046	rhythm	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rhythm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρυθμός	Short repeated phrases give the speech a memorable rhythm.
1047	medieval	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: medieval is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεσαιωνικός	The medieval manuscript was copied by hand.
1048	niche	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: niche is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κόγχη	A bee's niche includes pollinating flowers while gathering nectar.
1049	clarify	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	1. διευκρινίζω 2. ξεκαθαρίζω	A labeled diagram can clarify how the machine works.
1050	obsolete	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: obsolete is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. απαρχαιωμένος 2. ξεπερασμένος 3. παρωχημένος	The old machine became obsolete after digital equipment arrived.

Page 30 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 30.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The _____ addressed the nation from the palace.

Answer: monarch

2. Add all four side lengths to find the garden's _____.

Answer: perimeter

3. The provinces joined a _____ while retaining local legislatures.

Answer: federation

4. Keep a _____ beside the emergency supplies.

Answer: flashlight

5. The old machine became _____ after digital equipment arrived.

Answer: obsolete

Page 31: words 1051–1085

Vocabulary page 31
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1051	loneliness	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ness forms a noun naming a quality or state.	μοναξιά	Joining the club helped ease his loneliness.
1052	kin	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: kin is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. οικογένεια 2. συγγενείς	The young wolf remained close to its kin.
1053	caretaker	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: caretaker is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κηδεμόνας	The caretaker locked the park gates at sunset.
1054	warrant	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: warrant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ένταλμα	The writer's warrant connects lower emissions with improved public health.
1055	thermal	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: thermal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θερμικός	A thermal camera detects differences in surface temperature.
1056	resigned	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resigned is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καρτερικός	She sounded resigned after the final appeal was denied.
1057	symptom	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: symptom is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σύμπτωμα	A high fever can be a symptom of infection.
1058	precipitation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	υετός	The forecast predicts heavy precipitation overnight.
1059	erosion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: erosion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποσάθρωση	Tree roots can slow erosion on a steep slope.
1060	dread	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dread is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. τρόμος 2. φοβάμαι	Some passengers dread flying during storms.
1061	approximate	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: approximate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χονδρικός	The approximate distance to the lake is three kilometers.
1062	timetable	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: timetable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χρονοδιάγραμμα	Check the train timetable before leaving home.
1063	sturdy	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sturdy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χοντρός	The sturdy table supported the heavy aquarium.
1064	dusk	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dusk is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βράδιασμα	Bats began to fly at dusk.
1065	clumsy	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: clumsy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αδέξιος	The clumsy puppy knocked over its water bowl.
1066	legendary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: legendary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θρυλικός	The goalkeeper's legendary save is still discussed decades later.
1067	dominant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dominant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κύριος	A dominant allele can mask the effect of a recessive allele.
1068	passive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	παθητική	A passive observer watches the problem without helping to solve it.
1069	imagery	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: imagery is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χίμαιρα	The poem's imagery makes readers hear the rain on the roof.
1070	discourse	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: discourse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ομιλία	The debate encouraged respectful discourse about public transportation.
1071	convey	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: convey is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναθέτω	The photograph can convey the scale of the flood.
1072	seldom	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: seldom is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σπάνια	Snow seldom falls in this warm coastal town.
1073	gigantic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gigantic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. γιγάντειος 2. πελώριος	A gigantic whale surfaced beside the research boat.
1074	edible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: edible is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. βρώσιμος 2. φαγώσιμος 3. εδώδιμος	Only some of the berries in this forest are edible.
1075	migrate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: migrate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποδημώ	Many birds migrate south before winter.
1076	voltage	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: voltage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τάση	Increasing the voltage made the bulb glow brighter.
1077	gauge	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gauge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μετρώ	The survey helps researchers gauge public support for the park.
1078	rainfall	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rainfall is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βροχόπτωση	Annual rainfall is much lower in the desert.
1079	membrane	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: membrane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μεμβράνη 2. υμένας	The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.
1080	enzyme	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: enzyme is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ένζυμο	A digestive enzyme helps break food into smaller molecules.
1081	dividend	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dividend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαιρετέος	In 20 ÷ 4, twenty is the dividend.
1082	priority	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	προτεραιότητα	Restoring clean water became the city's first priority.
1083	transformation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	μετασχηματισμός	A rotation is a transformation that turns a figure around a fixed point.
1084	voluntary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: voluntary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εκούσιος 2. εθελοντικός 3. προαιρετικός	Participation in the anonymous survey is voluntary.
1085	respiratory	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: respiratory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναπνευστικός	Smoke can irritate the respiratory system.

Page 31 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 31.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Joining the club helped ease his _____.

Answer: loneliness

2. Tree roots can slow _____ on a steep slope.

Answer: erosion

3. A _____ observer watches the problem without helping to solve it.

Answer: passive

4. The survey helps researchers _____ public support for the park.

Answer: gauge

5. Smoke can irritate the _____ system.

Answer: respiratory

Page 32: words 1086–1120

Vocabulary page 32
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1086	eclipse	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: eclipse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	έκλειψη	During a solar eclipse, the moon passes between Earth and the sun.
1087	boycott	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: boycott is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μποϊκοτάζ 2. αποκλεισμός	Residents may boycott the store until it changes its unfair policy.
1088	resentment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. δυσαρέσκεια 2. αγανάκτηση 3. κακοφανισμός	Unequal chores created resentment between the roommates.
1089	plateau	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: plateau is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οροπέδιο	The village sits on a plateau above the valley.
1090	overthrow	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: overthrow is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανατρέπω	The rebels hoped to overthrow the cruel ruler.
1091	dormant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dormant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. κοιμώμενος 2. κοιμισμένος 3. αδρανής	The dormant volcano has not erupted for hundreds of years.
1092	awe	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: awe is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. δέος 2. σέβας	The enormous glacier filled the visitors with awe.
1093	isolate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: isolate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μονώνω	Scientists isolate the sick plant to protect the healthy ones.
1094	distrust	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: distrust is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καχυποψία	Broken promises created distrust between the two groups.
1095	childcare	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: childcare is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παιδική μέριμνα	The community center offers childcare during evening classes.
1096	speculation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	εικασία	The rumor remains speculation until a reliable witness confirms it.
1097	facilitate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: facilitate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διευκολύνω	Clear labels facilitate the safe use of laboratory equipment.
1098	prejudice	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prejudice is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προκατάληψη	Education can challenge prejudice by replacing rumors with understanding.
1099	vibration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. κραδασμός 2. δόνηση	The string's vibration produces a musical sound.
1100	duplicate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: duplicate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντιγράφω	The printer can duplicate the photograph in seconds.
1101	banquet	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: banquet is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ευωχία	The community held a banquet to honor the rescue workers.
1102	barefoot	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: barefoot is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ξυπόλυτος	We walked barefoot across the warm sand.
1103	sensible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	λογικός	Bringing extra water was a sensible precaution.
1104	refugee	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: refugee is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πρόσφυγας	The refugee applied for protection after crossing the border.
1105	hazard	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hazard is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. τύχη 2. κίνδυνος 3. ρίσκο	Loose wires create an electrical hazard.
1106	metabolism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	μεταβολισμός	Exercise causes the body's metabolism to use energy more quickly.
1107	cosmic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cosmic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κοσμικός	The detector measures cosmic radiation from space.
1108	glacier	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: glacier is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παγετώνας	The glacier carved a wide valley as it moved.
1109	contagious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	μεταδοτικός	The contagious illness moved quickly through the crowded camp.
1110	downright	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: downright is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απόλυτα	Leaving food beside a wild bear would be downright dangerous.
1111	lens	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lens is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φακός	The microscope's objective lens magnifies the specimen.
1112	lease	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lease is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. σύμβαση μίσθωσης 2. μισθωτήριο 3. εκμίσθωση	The apartment lease lasts twelve months.
1113	capitalism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. κεφαλαιοκρατία 2. καπιταλισμός	In capitalism, businesses usually compete to sell goods and services.
1114	credible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	αξιόπιστος	The eyewitness gave a credible account supported by photographs.
1115	conquest	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: conquest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. άλωση 2. κατάκτηση	The conquest changed the region's government and language.
1116	intercept	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: intercept is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τομή	The defender managed to intercept the pass.
1117	loosen	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: loosen is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χαλαρώνω	Turn the lid slowly to loosen it.
1118	discontent	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: discontent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δυσαρέσκεια	Repeated delays caused discontent among the passengers.
1119	constellation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αστερισμός	The constellation Orion is easy to spot on a clear winter night.
1120	preview	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: preview is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πρώτη προβολή	The museum offered a preview of the new exhibit to local teachers.

Page 32 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 32.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. During a solar _____, the moon passes between Earth and the sun.

Answer: eclipse

2. Broken promises created _____ between the two groups.

Answer: distrust

3. Bringing extra water was a _____ precaution.

Answer: sensible

4. The apartment _____ lasts twelve months.

Answer: lease

5. The museum offered a _____ of the new exhibit to local teachers.

Answer: preview

Page 33: words 1121–1155

Vocabulary page 33
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1121	spatial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: spatial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. διαστημικός 2. χωρικός	A floor plan shows the spatial relationship among rooms.
1122	plentiful	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: plentiful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άφθονος	Wild berries are plentiful in the valley during summer.
1123	documentation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	τεκμηρίωση	The application requires documentation of the volunteer hours.
1124	specification	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. προδιαγραφή 2. προσδιορισμός	The ramp must meet the safety specification for maximum slope.
1125	summon	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: summon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καλώ	The captain will summon the crew when the ship is ready.
1126	luxurious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	πολυτελής	The hotel offered a luxurious room overlooking the harbor.
1127	impatient	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: impatient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανυπόμονος	The impatient customer kept checking the clock.
1128	hesitation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	δισταγμός	After a moment of hesitation, Priya stepped onto the stage.
1129	compassionate	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: compassionate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. συμπονετικός 2. σπλαχνικός	The compassionate doctor listened carefully to the frightened child.
1130	sober	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sober is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	νηφάλιος	The report offers a sober assessment of the recovery costs.
1131	oppose	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: oppose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντιδρώ	Several residents oppose the highway because it would divide the wetland.
1132	idol	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: idol is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. είδωλο 2. ίνδαλμα	The novel questions whether a famous athlete should become an unquestioned idol.
1133	generator	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: generator is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γεννήτρια	The bicycle generator powers the headlamp.
1134	endurance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	ανθεκτικότητα	Swimming regularly improved her endurance.
1135	haven	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: haven is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καταφύγιο	The sheltered bay became a haven for boats during the storm.
1136	norm	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: norm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κριτήριο	Greeting visitors politely is a social norm in many communities.
1137	quantitative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	ποσοτικός	The graph presents quantitative data from five years of rainfall.
1138	dilemma	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dilemma is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δίλημμα	The character faces a dilemma when honesty may hurt her friend.
1139	acceleration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	επιτάχυνση	The bicycle's acceleration increased as the rider pedaled harder.
1140	fungus	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fungus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μύκητας 2. μανιτάρι	The damp log was covered by a pale fungus.
1141	blizzard	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: blizzard is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χιονοθύελλα	The blizzard buried the road beneath deep snow.
1142	frantic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: frantic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	έξαλλος	The frantic search ended when we found the puppy asleep.
1143	legislative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	νομοθετικός	The bill entered the legislative process.
1144	pi	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pi is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πι	Use pi to calculate the circumference from the diameter.
1145	competent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: competent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αρμόδιος	A competent editor checks facts as well as grammar.
1146	strive	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: strive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγωνίζομαι	The athletes strive to improve their times each week.
1147	onset	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: onset is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αρχή	At the onset of winter, the lake begins to freeze.
1148	caption	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: caption is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υπότιτλος	The caption identifies the people in the historical photograph.
1149	dishonest	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dishonest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. άτιμος 2. ανέντιμος	The dishonest player secretly changed the score.
1150	implementation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. υλοποίηση 2. εφαρμογή	Training began before implementation of the new safety policy.
1151	editorial	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: editorial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σχόλιο	The newspaper's editorial argues for safer bicycle lanes.
1152	bankruptcy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bankruptcy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πτώχευση 2. χρεωκοπία	Bankruptcy allowed the company to reorganize what it owed.
1153	suburban	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: suburban is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προαστιακός	A new rail line connected the suburban community to downtown.
1154	optional	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: optional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. προαιρετικός 2. κατ' εκλογήν	The extra research question is optional.
1155	genocide	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: genocide is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γενοκτονία	The museum documents the genocide through survivor testimony.

Page 33 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 33.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. A floor plan shows the _____ relationship among rooms.

Answer: spatial

2. The _____ doctor listened carefully to the frightened child.

Answer: compassionate

3. The character faces a _____ when honesty may hurt her friend.

Answer: dilemma

4. At the _____ of winter, the lake begins to freeze.

Answer: onset

5. The museum documents the _____ through survivor testimony.

Answer: genocide

Page 34: words 1156–1190

Vocabulary page 34
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1156	exotic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exotic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εξωτικός	The greenhouse protects exotic plants from the winter cold.
1157	hazardous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	επικίνδυνος	Workers wear protective clothing around hazardous chemicals.
1158	diplomacy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: diplomacy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διπλωματία	Diplomacy prevented the border dispute from becoming a war.
1159	analogy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: analogy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναλογία	The teacher used an analogy between the heart and a pump.
1160	ample	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ample is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φαρδύς	The wide shelf provides ample space for the collection.
1161	trustworthy	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: trustworthy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αξιόπιστος	A trustworthy guide admits when a route is uncertain.
1162	symmetry	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: symmetry is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμμετρία	The butterfly's wings show approximate symmetry.
1163	prohibit	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prohibit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απαγορεύω	The signs prohibit swimming near the waterfall.
1164	parasite	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: parasite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παράσιτο	A tick is a parasite that feeds on an animal's blood.
1165	nutrient	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: nutrient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θρεπτικό συστατικό	Iron is a nutrient that helps blood carry oxygen.
1166	dedicate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dedicate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανοίγω	The volunteers dedicate each Saturday to restoring the trail.
1167	quarrel	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: quarrel is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. καβγάς 2. λογομαχία 3. τσακωμός	The friends ended their quarrel by listening to each other.
1168	declaration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. δήλωση 2. ανακοίνωση 3. επιβεβαίωση	The delegates issued a declaration explaining their decision to seek independence.
1169	slope	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: slope is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εφαπτομένη 2. συντελεστής διεύθυνσης	The line's slope is two because y rises two units for every unit of x.
1170	persistent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: persistent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επίμονος	Her persistent questions uncovered the accounting error.
1171	elevation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ύψος	The mountain town has an elevation of two thousand meters.
1172	drought	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: drought is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ξηρασία 2. ανομβρία	The drought lowered reservoirs and damaged crops.
1173	chorus	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: chorus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χορωδία	The chorus comments on events that the main characters cannot see.
1174	verification	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	επαλήθευση	Image verification showed that the photograph came from an older event.
1175	delegate	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: delegate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. απεσταλμένος 2. απεσταλμένη	Each school sent a delegate to the youth council.
1176	chronicle	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: chronicle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χρονικό	The monk's chronicle describes several years of drought.
1177	bland	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bland is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. άνοστος 2. άγευστος	The soup tasted bland until we added herbs.
1178	daycare	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: daycare is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βρεφονηπιακός σταθμός	My little cousin attends daycare near her mother's office.
1179	attentive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	προσεκτικός	The attentive audience heard every detail of the speech.
1180	loop	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: loop is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βρόχος	The loop processes every item in the list.
1181	interaction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αλληλεπίδραση	The medication can cause a harmful interaction with grapefruit.
1182	heir	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: heir is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κληρονόμος	The missing heir returns just before the estate is sold.
1183	biography	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: biography is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βιογραφία	The biography traces the scientist's work from childhood experiments to major discoveries.
1184	retrieve	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: retrieve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. παίρνω 2. πίσω 3. διορθώνω	The dog can retrieve the ball from the shallow pond.
1185	manipulate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: manipulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χειραγωγώ	The operator can manipulate the robotic arm with a joystick.
1186	invasive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	χωροκατακτητικός	The invasive vine covered trees and blocked sunlight.
1187	hemisphere	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hemisphere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ημισφαίριο	Australia lies mainly in the Southern Hemisphere.
1188	allegiance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	εντιμότητα	The knight promised allegiance to the new queen.
1189	mimic	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mimic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντιγράφω	The parrot can mimic the sound of a ringing phone.
1190	forgiving	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: forgiving is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. επιεικής 2. αμνησίκακος 3. ανεκτικός	Her forgiving response allowed the friends to begin again.

Page 34 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 34.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The greenhouse protects _____ plants from the winter cold.

Answer: exotic

2. A tick is a _____ that feeds on an animal's blood.

Answer: parasite

3. The _____ comments on events that the main characters cannot see.

Answer: chorus

4. The missing _____ returns just before the estate is sold.

Answer: heir

5. Her _____ response allowed the friends to begin again.

Answer: forgiving

Page 35: words 1191–1225

Vocabulary page 35
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1191	dissolve	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dissolve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. διαλύω 2. λιώνω	Salt will dissolve more quickly in warm water.
1192	prevention	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. αποτροπή 2. πρόληψη	Vaccination is an important form of disease prevention.
1193	socialism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	σοσιαλισμός	The party promoted democratic socialism through elections.
1194	metric	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: metric is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μετρικός	The metric unit for liquid volume is the liter.
1195	geometry	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: geometry is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γεωμετρία	Geometry helps architects calculate angles and areas.
1196	credibility	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ibility forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action.	αξιοπιστία	Citations and transparent methods increase a report's credibility.
1197	unanimous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ομόφωνος	The jury reached a unanimous decision.
1198	sensory	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sensory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αισθητήριος	Sensory details describe the bread's warm scent and crisp crust.
1199	rigorous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	σχολαστικός	The medicine passed a rigorous series of safety tests.
1200	avalanche	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: avalanche is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χιονοστιβάδα	The avalanche blocked the road through the mountain pass.
1201	shabby	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: shabby is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άθλιος	Fresh paint improved the shabby wooden fence.
1202	unstable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	ασταθής	The cracked slope became unstable after heavy rain.
1203	surplus	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: surplus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πλεόνασμα 2. περίσσευμα	A food surplus allowed some workers to specialize in other trades.
1204	renaissance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	αναγέννηση	The Harlem Renaissance transformed American literature, music, and art.
1205	consult	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: consult is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμβουλεύομαι	The builders consult an engineer before altering the support beam.
1206	scope	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: scope is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγρός	The paper narrows its scope to public transportation in three coastal cities.
1207	acquisition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	απόκτημα	Regular conversation supports the acquisition of a new language.
1208	prosecution	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	γιοσέγκι	The prosecution introduced evidence connecting the suspect to the theft.
1209	nonprofit	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Prefix focus: non- means not or without.	όχι για κέρδος	The nonprofit restored the historic theater.
1210	lethal	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lethal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. φονικός 2. θανατηφόρος	Even a small dose of the chemical can be lethal to fish.
1211	judiciary	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: judiciary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δικαστήρια	An independent judiciary can limit abuses of power.
1212	hardy	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hardy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγροίκος	The hardy shrub survives cold winds and poor soil.
1213	correlation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	συσχέτιση	A correlation does not by itself prove that one variable causes the other.
1214	tangible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	αντιληπτός	The repaired roof was tangible evidence of the volunteers' work.
1215	inventive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	εφευρετικός	The inventive student designed a rain catcher from bottles.
1216	orientation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	προσανατολισμός	A reflection reverses a polygon's orientation.
1217	exceptional	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: exceptional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εξαιρετικός	Her exceptional memory allowed her to recite the entire speech.
1218	recession	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ύφεση	During the recession, many businesses reduced hiring.
1219	mock	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mock is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κοροϊδεύω	The bullies mock the new student's accent until a friend intervenes.
1220	censorship	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: censorship is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	λογοκρισία	Government censorship prevented the newspaper from reporting the protest.
1221	satire	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: satire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σάτιρα	The play uses satire to expose the mayor's vanity.
1222	posture	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: posture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	στάση	Good posture keeps the screen near eye level and the shoulders relaxed.
1223	wavelength	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: wavelength is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μήκος κύματος	Red light has a longer wavelength than violet light.
1224	thunderstorm	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: thunderstorm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καταιγίδα	The thunderstorm moved east before midnight.
1225	echo	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: echo is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ηχώ	The shout returned as an echo from the canyon wall.

Page 35 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 35.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Salt will _____ more quickly in warm water.

Answer: dissolve

2. The medicine passed a _____ series of safety tests.

Answer: rigorous

3. The _____ introduced evidence connecting the suspect to the theft.

Answer: prosecution

4. Her _____ memory allowed her to recite the entire speech.

Answer: exceptional

5. The shout returned as an _____ from the canyon wall.

Answer: echo

Page 36: words 1226–1260

Vocabulary page 36
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1226	repeating	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: repeating is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περίοδος	One third has the repeating decimal 0.333.
1227	viewpoint	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: viewpoint is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγνάντεμα	The novel shows the conflict from each sibling's viewpoint.
1228	plausible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	ευλογοφανής	The detective considered each plausible explanation for the missing key.
1229	ascend	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ascend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανεβαίνω	The hikers ascend the hill before sunrise.
1230	regulatory	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: regulatory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρυθμιστής	The agency has regulatory authority over drinking-water quality.
1231	controversial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: controversial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αμφιλεγόμενος	The controversial proposal would relocate several families.
1232	nationalism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. εθνικισμός 2. νασιοναλισμός	Nationalism helped unite the region but also heightened rivalries.
1233	critique	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: critique is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γράφω κριτική	Partners critique each proposal using the same three criteria.
1234	cone	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cone is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κώνος	The traffic cone has a circular base.
1235	stationary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: stationary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	στερεός	The bicycle remained stationary while its wheel spun.
1236	refrain	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: refrain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επωδός	Everyone joined in when the refrain returned.
1237	drastic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: drastic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δραστικός	The drought required drastic limits on water use.
1238	coherent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: coherent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συνεκτικός	Transitions made the explanation coherent from beginning to end.
1239	budge	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: budge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κινούμαι	The heavy cabinet would not budge across the floor.
1240	bizarre	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bizarre is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παράξενος	The bizarre sculpture combines a bicycle wheel with a glass umbrella.
1241	tornado	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tornado is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ανεμοστρόβιλος 2. σίφουνας	The tornado damaged a narrow path through the town.
1242	reckless	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reckless is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απερίσκεπτος	Reckless driving endangered everyone near the crossing.
1243	citation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. αναφορά 2. παραπομπή	Each borrowed statistic needs a citation.
1244	bibliography	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -graphy relates to writing, recording, or describing.	βιβλιογραφία	The bibliography identifies every book, interview, and website in the project.
1245	mantle	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mantle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μανδύας	Slow movement in the mantle helps drive plate motion.
1246	empirical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: empirical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εμπειρικός	The team collected empirical data by measuring the plants each day.
1247	assert	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: assert is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. διακηρύσσω 2. ισχυρίζομαι 3. υποστηρίζω	The author will assert that clean water is a basic human need.
1248	sediment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	πρόταση	The river left a layer of sediment along its banks.
1249	shatter	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: shatter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. κατατρίβω 2. καταστρέφω 3. καταργώ	A hard fall can shatter a glass jar.
1250	nudge	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: nudge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. σκουντώ 2. σκουντάω	Mina used her elbow to nudge the door open.
1251	operational	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: operational is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. λειτουργικός 2. ετοιμοπόλεμος 3. μάχιμος	The repaired water pump is operational again.
1252	sympathetic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sympathetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμπαθητικός	The counselor was sympathetic but still explained the rule.
1253	solemn	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: solemn is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σοβαρός, βαρύς	The crowd remained solemn during the memorial ceremony.
1254	crafty	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: crafty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πονηρός	The crafty fox hid its tracks near the stream.
1255	communism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	κομμουνισμός	Different governments interpreted communism in sharply different ways.
1256	automation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αυτοματοποίηση	Automation allows the greenhouse to adjust watering overnight.
1257	climax	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: climax is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απόγειο	The climax occurs when the climber must choose whether to turn back.
1258	peril	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: peril is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κίνδυνος	The climbers faced peril when the ice began to crack.
1259	gorge	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gorge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φαράγγι	The river flows through a rocky gorge.
1260	emphasis	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: emphasis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	έμφαση	The course places emphasis on evidence rather than memorized dates.

Page 36 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 36.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. One third has the _____ decimal 0.333.

Answer: repeating

2. The traffic _____ has a circular base.

Answer: cone

3. Each borrowed statistic needs a _____.

Answer: citation

4. The counselor was _____ but still explained the rule.

Answer: sympathetic

5. The course places _____ on evidence rather than memorized dates.

Answer: emphasis

Page 37: words 1261–1295

Vocabulary page 37
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1261	interference	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	συμβολή	Interference creates alternating bright and dark bands on the screen.
1262	cluster	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cluster is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σύμπλεγμα	A cluster near the upper right appears in the scatter plot.
1263	projection	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	προβολή	Every map projection distorts some combination of area, shape, or distance.
1264	exposition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. έκθεση 2. επίδειξη	The exposition explains why the family moved to the island.
1265	conditional	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: conditional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υποθετικός	The conditional sentence explains what will happen if the temperature falls.
1266	squared	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: squared is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τετράγωνο	Five squared equals twenty-five.
1267	soar	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: soar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανεβαίνω	The eagle began to soar above the canyon.
1268	gloomy	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gloomy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σκοτεινός	The gray sky gave the empty street a gloomy appearance.
1269	evade	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: evade is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποφεύγω	The quick rabbit tried to evade the circling hawk.
1270	magma	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: magma is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μάγμα	Pressure forced magma upward through a crack.
1271	carefree	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: carefree is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ξένοιαστος	The children enjoyed a carefree afternoon beside the lake.
1272	structural	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: structural is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δομικός	The earthquake caused structural damage to two columns.
1273	consecutive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	επόμενος	The river exceeded flood level for three consecutive days.
1274	advisory	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: advisory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γνωμοδοτικός	The weather agency issued an advisory notice about dangerous heat.
1275	doctrine	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: doctrine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δόγμα	The movement's doctrine emphasized nonviolent resistance.
1276	defendant	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: defendant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εναγόμενος 2. εναγομένη 3. κατηγορούμενος	The defendant entered a plea at the hearing.
1277	neglected	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: neglected is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απεριποίητος	Volunteers repaired the neglected playground.
1278	apparatus	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: apparatus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σύστημα	The filtration apparatus includes a funnel, paper, and collection flask.
1279	reflective	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	αναστοχαστικός	Her reflective journal considers what she learned from the failed trial.
1280	constituent	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: constituent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εκλογέας	Each constituent may write to the senator about the proposed law.
1281	hearty	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hearty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εγκάρδιος	The hikers ate a hearty stew after the long climb.
1282	underlying	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: underlying is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θεμελιώδης	The physician treated the underlying infection rather than only the fever.
1283	compliance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	κολακεία	The audit confirmed compliance with workplace safety law.
1284	succession	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	διαδοχή	After the lava cools, ecological succession begins with lichens.
1285	memoir	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: memoir is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απομνημονεύματα	In her memoir, the pilot recalls learning to navigate by the stars.
1286	continuity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	συνέχεια	Shared symbols create continuity between the novel's three sections.
1287	algebra	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: algebra is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άλγεβρα	Algebra can express the same pattern for any input.
1288	parameter	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: parameter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παράμετρος	The program lets users change each parameter in the model.
1289	latitude	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: latitude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πλάτος	Places at high latitude often have cold winters.
1290	adhere	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: adhere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κολλώ	The label will adhere better to a clean surface.
1291	scarcity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. σπάνις 2. έλλειψη 3. στενότητα	Water scarcity forced the town to limit outdoor use.
1292	opaque	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: opaque is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αδιαφανής	The opaque wall blocked all light from the next room.
1293	liability	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	δέσμευση	The company accepted liability for the defective product.
1294	calculation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	υπολογισμός	Check the calculation by estimating the result first.
1295	biased	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: biased is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεροληπτικός	A biased question can distort survey results.

Page 37 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 37.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. _____ creates alternating bright and dark bands on the screen.

Answer: interference

2. The quick rabbit tried to _____ the circling hawk.

Answer: evade

3. The filtration _____ includes a funnel, paper, and collection flask.

Answer: apparatus

4. _____ can express the same pattern for any input.

Answer: algebra

5. A _____ question can distort survey results.

Answer: biased

Page 38: words 1296–1330

Vocabulary page 38
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1296	encryption	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	κρυπτογράφηση	The messaging service uses encryption to protect private conversations.
1297	dissent	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dissent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντίρρηση	The judge wrote a dissent explaining why she opposed the ruling.
1298	asteroid	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: asteroid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αστεροειδής	The probe photographed an asteroid between Mars and Jupiter.
1299	sparse	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sparse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αδύνατος	Only sparse grass grew on the dry hillside.
1300	mischief	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mischief is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αταξία	The puppy's mischief left muddy paw prints across the floor.
1301	astronomer	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: astronomer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αστρονόμος	The astronomer observed a distant comet.
1302	binary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: binary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δυαδικός	Computers store many kinds of information in binary form using zeros and ones.
1303	rigid	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rigid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	στερεός	A rigid frame keeps the telescope steady.
1304	pyramid	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pyramid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πυραμίδα	The square pyramid has four triangular side faces.
1305	naive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: naive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αφελής 2. ναΐφ	It was naive to believe the advertisement without checking its claims.
1306	pun	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pun is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	λογοπαίγνιο	The bakery sign's bread joke is a pun.
1307	cumulative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. αθροιστικός 2. συσσωρευτικός	The cumulative rainfall for the month reached twenty centimeters.
1308	senseless	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: senseless is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναίσθητος	Damaging the new playground would be a senseless act.
1309	revert	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: revert is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επαναφέρω	Without maintenance, the garden may revert to an overgrown field.
1310	escalate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: escalate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εντείνω	A small disagreement can escalate when no one listens.
1311	provision	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	πρόβλεψη	One provision of the contract requires monthly safety reports.
1312	vain	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ματαιόδοξος	The vain ruler ordered statues of himself in every square.
1313	potent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: potent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ακμαίος	The concentrated cleaner is potent enough to damage paint.
1314	prosecute	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prosecute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τιμωρώ	The state may prosecute anyone who deliberately poisons the river.
1315	descriptive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	περιγραφικός	The descriptive paragraph helps readers imagine the crowded market.
1316	ridicule	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ridicule is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. περιγελώ 2. κοροϊδεύω	No student should ridicule another person's accent.
1317	perseverance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	επιμονή	Solving the complicated puzzle required perseverance.
1318	powerfully	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	δυναμικά	The river flowed powerfully after the storm.
1319	elimination	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	απαλοιφή	Using elimination, Rae added the equations to remove y.
1320	watershed	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: watershed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υδροκρίτης	Pollution anywhere in the watershed can reach the reservoir.
1321	syntax	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: syntax is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συντακτικό	Changing the syntax can place more emphasis on the final idea.
1322	suspense	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: suspense is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγωνία	The ticking clock creates suspense during the rescue scene.
1323	subset	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: subset is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υποσύνολο	The survey examined a subset of the town's households.
1324	hoax	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hoax is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φάρσα	The report of a sea monster proved to be a hoax.
1325	eerie	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: eerie is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άτολμος	An eerie howl echoed through the empty valley.
1326	blunder	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: blunder is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. γκάφα 2. σφάλμα 3. λάθος	Sending the letter without an address was a blunder.
1327	pursuit	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pursuit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. επιδίωξη 2. επιχείρηση 3. καταδίωξη	Her pursuit of accuracy led her back to the original records.
1328	manuscript	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: manuscript is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χειρόγραφο	The author sent the completed manuscript to her editor.
1329	prose	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πεζογραφία	The author shifts from verse to prose when the formal ceremony ends.
1330	perceive	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: perceive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντιλαμβάνομαι	Bats perceive their surroundings through reflected sound.

Page 38 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 38.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The messaging service uses _____ to protect private conversations.

Answer: encryption

2. The square _____ has four triangular side faces.

Answer: pyramid

3. The concentrated cleaner is _____ enough to damage paint.

Answer: potent

4. The ticking clock creates _____ during the rescue scene.

Answer: suspense

5. Bats _____ their surroundings through reflected sound.

Answer: perceive

Page 39: words 1331–1365

Vocabulary page 39
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1331	integrate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: integrate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εντάσσω	The presentation will integrate maps, quotations, and survey data.
1332	perish	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: perish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαφθείρω	Young seedlings may perish without water.
1333	cautiously	adverb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	προσεχτικά	The fox stepped cautiously onto the frozen pond.
1334	antagonist	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ist often names a person associated with a field, belief, or practice.	ανταγωνιστής	In the novel, the dishonest captain is the antagonist.
1335	pioneer	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pioneer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πιονιέρος	The engineer became a pioneer in low-cost water purification.
1336	theorem	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: theorem is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θεώρημα	The Pythagorean theorem relates the sides of a right triangle.
1337	induction	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	επαγωγή	Induction suggests the pattern, but a proof must confirm it.
1338	persistence	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	αντοχή	Solving the complex proof required persistence.
1339	deposition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	απόθεση	River deposition formed a sandbar near the bend.
1340	allocate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: allocate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κατανέμω	The council will allocate part of the budget to playground repairs.
1341	caregiver	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: caregiver is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γηροκόμος	The caregiver prepared lunch and medicine for the elderly patient.
1342	pentagon	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pentagon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πεντάγωνο	The irregular pentagon still has exactly five sides.
1343	idle	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: idle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αδρανής	The idle factory machinery gathered dust.
1344	contamination	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	μόλυνση	Testing revealed bacterial contamination in the well.
1345	resilient	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resilient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ελαστικός 2. εύκαμπτος 3. ανθεκτικός	The resilient community rebuilt homes after the storm.
1346	annex	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: annex is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποκτάω	The city voted to annex the land beside the highway.
1347	selfless	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: selfless is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ανιδιοτελής 2. αλτρουιστής 3. αφίλαυτος	The selfless volunteer gave her seat to the tired passenger.
1348	reassure	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reassure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εξομαλύνομαι	The guide tried to reassure us that the trail was safe.
1349	illuminate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: illuminate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	φωτίζω	A lantern will illuminate the dark path.
1350	considerate	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: considerate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επιφυλακτικός	It was considerate of Mae to lower her voice near the sleeping baby.
1351	clasp	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: clasp is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σφίγγω	The child will clasp the railing while climbing the steps.
1352	bewildered	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bewildered is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απορημένος	The bewildered traveler studied the unfamiliar train map.
1353	recommendation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	σύσταση	The panel's recommendation is to repair rather than replace the bridge.
1354	governance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	κατεύθυνση	Transparent governance includes public access to budgets and rules.
1355	realism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. πραγματισμός 2. ρεαλισμός	The novel's realism appears in its detailed portrayal of factory work.
1356	tariff	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tariff is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δασμός	The tariff increased the price of imported steel.
1357	remorse	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: remorse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. τύψη 2. ενοχή	He felt remorse after admitting that he had damaged the sculpture.
1358	hue	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hue is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. απόχρωση 2. χροιά	The artist mixed blue and green to create a turquoise hue.
1359	choreography	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -graphy relates to writing, recording, or describing.	χορογραφία	The choreography placed the dancers in a widening circle.
1360	perpendicular	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: perpendicular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κάθετος	The vertical post is perpendicular to the ground.
1361	skeptical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: skeptical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διστακτικός	The skeptical reviewer asked to see the original data.
1362	durable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: durable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ανθεκτικός 2. γερός	The durable fabric survived years of outdoor use.
1363	chromosome	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: chromosome is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χρωμόσωμα	Each chromosome contains many genes.
1364	quadrant	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: quadrant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τεταρτημόριο	The point is located in the first quadrant.
1365	decimal	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: decimal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δεκαδικός	The decimal 0.5 represents one half.

Page 39 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 39.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The presentation will _____ maps, quotations, and survey data.

Answer: integrate

2. River _____ formed a sandbar near the bend.

Answer: deposition

3. The guide tried to _____ us that the trail was safe.

Answer: reassure

4. He felt _____ after admitting that he had damaged the sculpture.

Answer: remorse

5. The _____ 0.5 represents one half.

Answer: decimal

Page 40: words 1366–1400

Vocabulary page 40
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1366	videotape	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: videotape is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βιντεοσκοπώ	We will videotape the experiment so we can review it later.
1367	capability	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	δυνατότητα	The satellite has the capability to measure sea-surface temperature.
1368	rash	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rash is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κοκκινίλα	Crossing the flooded bridge would be a rash decision.
1369	muscular	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: muscular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μυϊκός	The muscular system pulls on bones to create movement.
1370	monarchy	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: monarchy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μοναρχία	The monarchy became largely ceremonial after constitutional reforms.
1371	enlightenment	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. διαφωτισμός 2. φώτιση	Enlightenment thinkers debated the source of government authority.
1372	activism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	ακτιβισμός	Youth activism helped expand access to public transportation.
1373	flashback	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: flashback is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναδρομή	A flashback reveals how the two rivals first met.
1374	biodiversity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	βιοποικιλότητα	The rainforest supports extraordinary biodiversity.
1375	restrain	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: restrain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περιορίζω	A leash helps restrain a dog near a busy road.
1376	lifeguard	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lifeguard is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ναυαγοσώστης 2. ναυαγοσώστρια	The lifeguard closed the beach when the waves became dangerous.
1377	hunch	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hunch is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. προαίσθημα 2. καμπούρα 3. όγκος	My hunch was correct: the cat had hidden under the porch.
1378	detection	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ανίχνευση	Early detection improves the chance of controlling the invasive insect.
1379	versatile	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: versatile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πολυτάλαντος	A versatile tool can cut wire, tighten screws, and open packages.
1380	trivial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: trivial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ασήμαντος 2. μηδαμινός 3. τιποτένιος	A spelling preference is trivial compared with a factual error.
1381	optimization	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	βελτιστοποίηση	Route optimization reduced both travel time and fuel use.
1382	absorption	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	απορρόφηση	Dark fabric has greater absorption of visible light than white fabric.
1383	symbolism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	συμβολισμός	The broken chain provides symbolism for freedom.
1384	criterion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: criterion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κριτήριο	Safety is the most important criterion in choosing a campsite.
1385	antibody	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: antibody is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντίσωμα	Each antibody can attach to a particular target on a pathogen.
1386	mistrust	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mistrust is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δυσπιστώ	Repeated false alarms made residents mistrust the warning bell.
1387	incompetent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: incompetent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναρμόδιος	An incompetent repair could make the electrical fault more dangerous.
1388	variance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	διακύμανση	Low variance means the repeated measurements stayed close together.
1389	subordinate	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: subordinate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. δευτερεύων 2. εξαρτημένος	The subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
1390	qualitative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	ποιοτικός	The interview provided qualitative information about residents' experiences.
1391	implicit	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: implicit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. εγγενής 2. σύμφυτος	Her smile gave implicit approval even though she said nothing.
1392	sluggish	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sluggish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. άτονος 2. νωθρός	The lizard seemed sluggish in the cool morning air.
1393	pessimistic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pessimistic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. απαισιόδοξος 2. πεσιμιστικός	The pessimistic sailor doubted that the wind would improve.
1394	dependable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	αξιόπιστος	The dependable bus arrives at the same time each morning.
1395	asterisk	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: asterisk is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αστερίσκος	An asterisk beside the word directs readers to the note below.
1396	monopoly	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: monopoly is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μονοπώλιο	Regulators investigated whether the merger would create a monopoly.
1397	mythology	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -logy means the study of a subject.	μυθολογία	The course compares sea deities in Greek and Polynesian mythology.
1398	mutation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	μετάλλαξη	A mutation may be harmful, helpful, or have no visible effect.
1399	lever	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lever is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μοχλός	The crowbar acts as a lever when lifting the lid.
1400	dictatorship	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dictatorship is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δικτατορία	The dictatorship censored newspapers and arrested opponents.

Page 40 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 40.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. We will _____ the experiment so we can review it later.

Answer: videotape

2. The rainforest supports extraordinary _____.

Answer: biodiversity

3. The broken chain provides _____ for freedom.

Answer: symbolism

4. The lizard seemed _____ in the cool morning air.

Answer: sluggish

5. The _____ censored newspapers and arrested opponents.

Answer: dictatorship

Page 41: words 1401–1435

Vocabulary page 41
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1401	reflex	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reflex is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντανακλαστικό	Pulling a hand from a hot surface is a protective reflex.
1402	rectangle	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rectangle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ορθογώνιο παραλληλόγραμμο	The classroom floor forms a rectangle.
1403	navigation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. πλοήγηση 2. ναυσιπλοΐα	Improved navigation helped sailors cross open oceans.
1404	statute	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: statute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	νόμος	The statute requires factories to report hazardous spills.
1405	periodic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: periodic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περιοδικός	A swinging pendulum has periodic motion.
1406	autobiography	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -graphy relates to writing, recording, or describing.	αυτοβιογραφία	The musician's autobiography describes both failures and successes.
1407	prefix	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prefix is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πρόθημα 2. πρόθεμα	The prefix “un-” changes “certain” to “uncertain.”
1408	aroma	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: aroma is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άρωμα	The warm bread filled the kitchen with a sweet aroma.
1409	consultation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	διαβούλευση	The council held a public consultation before changing the bus route.
1410	complexity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	περιπλοκότητα	The ecosystem's complexity makes a single-cause explanation unlikely.
1411	revision	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αναθεώρηση	During revision, Lila moved her strongest evidence closer to the claim.
1412	hormone	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hormone is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ορμόνη	The hormone insulin helps regulate blood glucose.
1413	electron	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: electron is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ηλεκτρόνιο	An electron may move to a higher energy level after absorbing energy.
1414	decree	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: decree is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διάταγμα	The royal decree opened the port to foreign merchants.
1415	wedge	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: wedge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σφήνα	The blade is a wedge that pushes material apart.
1416	presume	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: presume is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	υποθέτω	We should not presume that the quietest participant has no ideas.
1417	differentiate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: differentiate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαφοροποιώ	The key helps students differentiate harmless insects from harmful ones.
1418	envious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. ζηλιάρης 2. ζηλόφθονος	Leo felt envious of his friend's new bicycle.
1419	accord	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: accord is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αρμονία	The two councils reached an accord after weeks of negotiation.
1420	persuasive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	πειστικός	The advertisement is persuasive because it combines evidence with emotional appeal.
1421	hesitant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hesitant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διστακτικός	Mira was hesitant to cross the swaying bridge.
1422	artifact	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: artifact is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. τέχνημα 2. τεχνούργημα	The clay bowl is an artifact from the ancient settlement.
1423	vertex	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vertex is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κορυφή	The top vertex joins the triangle's two sloping sides.
1424	translucent	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: translucent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ημιδιαφανής 2. διαυγής 3. διαφανής	The translucent curtain softened the sunlight.
1425	ferocious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	άγριος	Ferocious winds tore branches from the trees.
1426	feeble	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: feeble is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αδύναμος	A feeble beam of light shone through the dusty window.
1427	institutional	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: institutional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	θεσμικός	Institutional rules can continue even after individual leaders change.
1428	disclosure	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: disclosure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δημοσίευμα	Financial disclosure reveals whether an official has related business interests.
1429	microwave	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: microwave is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μικροκύμα	A microwave in radar can reflect from an approaching storm.
1430	segregation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	χωρισμός	Students challenged school segregation in court.
1431	prosperous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ευνοϊκός	The prosperous port attracted merchants from distant regions.
1432	ordinance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	απαγόρευση	The city ordinance limits noise after midnight.
1433	cheerful	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cheerful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εύθυμος	His cheerful greeting eased everyone's nervousness.
1434	motif	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: motif is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μοτίβο	The recurring moon is a motif that appears whenever the hero feels lonely.
1435	diffusion	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	γενίκευση	The scent spread through the room by diffusion.

Page 41 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 41.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Pulling a hand from a hot surface is a protective _____.

Answer: reflex

2. The council held a public _____ before changing the bus route.

Answer: consultation

3. Leo felt _____ of his friend's new bicycle.

Answer: envious

4. _____ rules can continue even after individual leaders change.

Answer: institutional

5. The scent spread through the room by _____.

Answer: diffusion

Page 42: words 1436–1470

Vocabulary page 42
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1436	chronological	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: chronological is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χρονολογικός	The biography presents the inventor's life in chronological order.
1437	barren	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: barren is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. στέρφος 2. άκαρπος 3. στείρος	After years without rain, the field became barren.
1438	vector	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: vector is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διάνυσμα	Velocity is a vector because its direction matters.
1439	consistency	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: consistency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συνέπεια	Reviewers checked the report for consistency between its tables and conclusions.
1440	patriotism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	πατριωτισμός	Her patriotism included criticizing policies she believed were unjust.
1441	nucleus	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: nucleus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πυρήνας	The nucleus directs many activities of a eukaryotic cell.
1442	elastic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: elastic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ελαστικός	The elastic cord lengthened under the load.
1443	iteration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	επανάληψη	Each iteration of the bridge held more weight.
1444	integer	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: integer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ακέραιος αριθμός 2. ακέραιος	Negative three is an integer.
1445	futile	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: futile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μάταιος	Pushing the locked steel door was futile.
1446	coefficient	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: coefficient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συντελεστής	In 5x, the number 5 is the coefficient.
1447	unravel	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: unravel is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	λύνω	The detective used the diary to unravel the mystery.
1448	deprive	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: deprive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. στερώ 2. αποστερώ	Clouds can deprive young plants of necessary sunlight.
1449	tolerant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tolerant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανεκτικός	A tolerant community protects peaceful disagreement.
1450	improper	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: improper is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανάρμοστος	The improper fraction nine fourths is greater than one.
1451	fascism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	φασισμός	Fascism gained power by exploiting fear and political violence.
1452	rhetorical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rhetorical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρητορικός	The speaker used a rhetorical question to focus attention.
1453	imperialism	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	ιμπεριαλισμός	Imperialism allowed powerful states to seize distant resources.
1454	impartial	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: impartial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αμερόληπτος	An impartial referee applies the same rules to both teams.
1455	circumference	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	περιφέρεια	We wrapped string around the lid to measure its circumference.
1456	inclusive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	συμπεριληπτικός	The inclusive survey provides several ways to respond.
1457	compatible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	συμβατός	The replacement part is compatible with the original machine.
1458	sanitation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	υγιεινή	Modern sanitation reduced diseases spread by contaminated water.
1459	entrepreneurship	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: entrepreneurship is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επιχειρηματικότητα	Her entrepreneurship turned a repair idea into a small company.
1460	archaeology	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -logy means the study of a subject.	αρχαιολογία	Archaeology revealed workshops beneath the modern marketplace.
1461	arid	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: arid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άνυδρος	Only drought-resistant shrubs survived in the arid valley.
1462	revelation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αποκάλυψη	The diary's revelation changed how historians understood the expedition.
1463	enforce	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: enforce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ισχυροποιώ	Inspectors enforce limits on unsafe emissions.
1464	coincidence	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	σύμπτωση	The two alarms sounding together may be a coincidence.
1465	foil	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: foil is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αλουμινόχαρτο	The cautious brother serves as a foil to the reckless hero.
1466	dispatch	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dispatch is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	βιάζομαι	The control center will dispatch a repair crew before dawn.
1467	rhyme	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: rhyme is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ομοιοκαταληξία	The poet avoids perfect rhyme to create an uneasy effect.
1468	irrational	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: irrational is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	άρρητος	It is irrational to reject the experiment before examining its results.
1469	understatement	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	ευφημισμός	Calling a hurricane “a little wind” is an understatement.
1470	purchaser	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: purchaser is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	bakır	The purchaser checked the bicycle before completing the sale.

Page 42 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 42.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The biography presents the inventor's life in _____ order.

Answer: chronological

2. Negative three is an _____.

Answer: integer

3. _____ allowed powerful states to seize distant resources.

Answer: imperialism

4. The diary's _____ changed how historians understood the expedition.

Answer: revelation

5. The _____ checked the bicycle before completing the sale.

Answer: purchaser

Page 43: words 1471–1505

Vocabulary page 43
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1471	metadata	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: metadata is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεταδεδομένα	A photograph's metadata may include its date and file size.
1472	attribution	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	προέλευση	The image requires attribution to its photographer.
1473	analogous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ανάλογος	The two plots are analogous because each follows a child searching for home.
1474	relevance	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	1. σχέση 2. συνάφεια	The judge questioned the relevance of testimony about an unrelated event.
1475	cybersecurity	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	κυβερνοασφάλεια	Strong passwords are one part of good cybersecurity.
1476	conspicuous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	αισθητός	The bright orange tent was conspicuous against the snow.
1477	sever	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sever is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διακόπτω	The storm may sever weak branches from the tree.
1478	loudspeaker	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: loudspeaker is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεγάφωνο	The announcement echoed through the loudspeaker.
1479	seismic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: seismic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σεισμικός	Seismic waves allow scientists to study Earth's interior.
1480	inscription	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. επιγραφή 2. χάραξη	The weathered inscription names the bridge's original builder.
1481	inhibit	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inhibit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αναχαιτίζω 2. αναστέλλω	Cold temperatures can inhibit the growth of some bacteria.
1482	hazy	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: hazy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σκοτεινός	The distant hills looked hazy through the morning fog.
1483	covenant	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: covenant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. συμφωνία 2. σύμφωνο 3. συνθήκη	The communities signed a covenant promising to share water during droughts.
1484	sentimental	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: sentimental is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συναισθηματικός	The worn toy has sentimental value because it belonged to her grandmother.
1485	robotics	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: robotics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρομποτική	Robotics combines programming, mechanics, and electronics.
1486	reformation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	μεταρρύθμιση	The Protestant Reformation divided western Christianity.
1487	customary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: customary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εθιμικός	In the customary system, twelve inches equal one foot.
1488	characterization	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	χαρακτηρισμός	The author uses dialogue and actions for indirect characterization.
1489	tectonic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tectonic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρηξιγενής	Tectonic plates move only a few centimeters each year.
1490	synonym	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: synonym is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συνώνυμο	“Rapid” is a synonym for “quick.”
1491	denominator	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: denominator is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παρονομαστής	In three fifths, five is the denominator.
1492	plantation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	φυτεία	The plantation produced sugar for overseas markets.
1493	tsunami	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tsunami is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	τσουνάμι	The offshore earthquake triggered a tsunami warning.
1494	truce	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: truce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανακωχή	Both sides accepted a truce to evacuate the wounded.
1495	doubtful	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: doubtful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αμφίβολος	It is doubtful that the damaged bridge can reopen today.
1496	treacherous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ύπουλος	Black ice made the mountain road treacherous.
1497	approximation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	προσέγγιση	Rounding 398 to 400 gives a useful approximation.
1498	murky	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: murky is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ταραχή	The pond water became murky after the storm.
1499	quotation	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	προσφορά	The quotation supports the paragraph because it states the witness's observation.
1500	cyclone	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cyclone is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κυκλώνας	The satellite image shows the cyclone turning over warm water.
1501	appendix	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: appendix is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παράρτημα	The report's appendix contains the complete survey questions.
1502	abolition	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	κατάργηση	The movement demanded the abolition of slavery.
1503	linger	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: linger is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αντέχω	The scent of smoke may linger after the fire is out.
1504	intimidate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: intimidate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εκφοβίζω	The bully tried to intimidate witnesses into silence.
1505	dehydration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	αφυδάτωση	The runner stopped to prevent dehydration in the intense heat.

Page 43 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 43.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. A photograph's _____ may include its date and file size.

Answer: metadata

2. _____ waves allow scientists to study Earth's interior.

Answer: seismic

3. The author uses dialogue and actions for indirect _____.

Answer: characterization

4. Rounding 398 to 400 gives a useful _____.

Answer: approximation

5. The runner stopped to prevent _____ in the intense heat.

Answer: dehydration

Page 44: words 1506–1540

Vocabulary page 44
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1506	transparency	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: transparency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαφάνεια	Publishing meeting records increases government transparency.
1507	coordination	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	συντονισμός	Emergency coordination prevented two rescue teams from searching the same area.
1508	accountable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	αρμόδιος	Elected officials are accountable to the public.
1509	millennium	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: millennium is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χιλιετία	The temple has stood for nearly a millennium.
1510	deploy	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: deploy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανοίγομαι	Firefighters deploy portable pumps along the flooded street.
1511	microscope	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Prefix focus: micro- means small.	μικροσκόπιο	The microscope revealed cell walls in the onion tissue.
1512	aspiration	noun Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. φιλοδοξία 2. ιδανικό	Her aspiration is to design affordable medical equipment.
1513	flimsy	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: flimsy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αδύνατος	The flimsy box collapsed under the heavy books.
1514	radiant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: radiant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ηλιακός	The Sun provides radiant energy to Earth.
1515	ascertain	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: ascertain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαπιστώνω	The inspector tested the alarm to ascertain whether it worked.
1516	emigrate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: emigrate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεταναστεύω	Her grandparents chose to emigrate during a time of war.
1517	leverage	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: leverage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. αξιοποιώ 2. εκμεταλλεύομαι	The town will leverage its rail connection to attract new businesses.
1518	resourceful	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resourceful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. πολυμήχανος 2. επινοητικός	The resourceful campers repaired the strap with cord and tape.
1519	pry	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: pry is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	περιεργάζομαι	We used a flat tool to pry the lid from the paint can.
1520	systematic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: systematic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. μεθοδικός 2. συστηματικός	The researchers conducted a systematic search of every archive.
1521	visualize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	φαντάζομαι	Sensory details help readers visualize the crowded harbor.
1522	impulsive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	ξαφνικός	His impulsive decision to jump from the boat created danger.
1523	dire	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ζοφερός	The clinic faced a dire shortage of clean water.
1524	despicable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. αχρείος 2. ποταπός 3. αχαρακτήριστος	Stealing emergency supplies was a despicable act.
1525	intervene	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: intervene is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. επεμβαίνω 2. παρεμβαίνω	A mediator may intervene before the disagreement becomes violent.
1526	audible	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: audible is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ακουστός	The speaker's final words were barely audible.
1527	geologic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: geologic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	γεωλογικός	Fossils reveal changes across geologic time.
1528	commend	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: commend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγκαζάρω	The principal will commend the students who organized the food drive.
1529	dub	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: dub is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεταγλωττίζω	Reporters dub the rescued owl “Lucky” after its recovery.
1530	intimidated	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: intimidated is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καταπτοημένος	The new speaker felt intimidated by the enormous audience.
1531	liberate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: liberate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ελευθερώνω	The rescue team worked to liberate the animal from the net.
1532	smirk	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: smirk is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χαζό χαμόγελο	The bully began to smirk after hiding the missing notebook.
1533	organizational	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: organizational is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	οργανωσιακός	Clear organizational roles reduced duplicated work.
1534	differential	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: differential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαφορικός	A pressure differential moves air through the vent.
1535	diagnostic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: diagnostic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαγνωστικός	The mechanic ran a diagnostic test on the engine.
1536	summarize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	ανακεφαλαιώνω	At the end, summarize the article in two or three sentences.
1537	discern	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: discern is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διακρίνω	Careful readers discern the difference between evidence and opinion.
1538	humane	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: humane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανθρώπινος	The shelter follows humane practices when caring for injured wildlife.
1539	signify	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	σημαίνω	A flashing red light may signify that the battery is low.
1540	reciprocal	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: reciprocal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αμοιβαίος	The neighboring schools formed a reciprocal agreement to share equipment.

Page 44 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 44.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Publishing meeting records increases government _____.

Answer: transparency

2. The Sun provides _____ energy to Earth.

Answer: radiant

3. The clinic faced a _____ shortage of clean water.

Answer: dire

4. The bully began to _____ after hiding the missing notebook.

Answer: smirk

5. The neighboring schools formed a _____ agreement to share equipment.

Answer: reciprocal

Page 45: words 1541–1575

Vocabulary page 45
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1541	coarse	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: coarse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγροίκος	The filter catches coarse sand before the water reaches the fine mesh.
1542	agile	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: agile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εύκαμπτος	The agile goalkeeper changed direction in an instant.
1543	validate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: validate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	επικυρώνω	A second trial can validate the surprising result.
1544	ominous	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	δυσοίωνος	The sudden silence was an ominous sign of the approaching storm.
1545	correlate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: correlate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συσχετίζω	The study may correlate regular exercise with improved sleep.
1546	terrify	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	1. κατατρομάζω 2. τρομάζω	A sudden roar can terrify a young animal.
1547	coordinated	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: coordinated is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συντονισμένος	A coordinated response delivered food and medicine to isolated towns.
1548	skeletal	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: skeletal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	σκελετού	The skeletal system protects organs and provides support.
1549	confer	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: confer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναθέτω	The judges confer privately before announcing the winner.
1550	developmental	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: developmental is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναπτυξιακός	The study examines developmental differences between early and late adolescence.
1551	constructive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	εποικοδομητικός	The reviewer offered constructive criticism with specific revision ideas.
1552	electromagnetic	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: electromagnetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ηλεκτρομαγνητικός	Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation.
1553	clad	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: clad is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	καλύπτω	Workers clad in reflective jackets directed traffic around the sinkhole.
1554	inquire	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inquire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πληροφορούμαι	Visitors can inquire about accessible tours at the front desk.
1555	abrupt	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: abrupt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ασυνεχής	The road ends at an abrupt drop near the cliff.
1556	makeshift	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: makeshift is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	προσωρινός	The hikers built a makeshift shelter from branches and a tarp.
1557	frigid	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: frigid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	κρύο	Frigid air froze the puddles overnight.
1558	bestow	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: bestow is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απονέμω	The mayor will bestow a medal on the brave rescuer.
1559	comparative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	συγκριτικός	The comparative essay considers how both novels portray exile.
1560	gleam	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: gleam is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αχτίδα	Wet stones gleam in the morning sun.
1561	erupt	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: erupt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εκραγώ	A volcano may erupt after pressure builds below the surface.
1562	deceitful	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: deceitful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	απατεώνας	The deceitful merchant hid the crack beneath a label.
1563	magnify	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	μεγεθύνω	This lens can magnify the tiny print.
1564	supplementary	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: supplementary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πρόσθετος	The adjacent angles on a straight line are supplementary.
1565	rebellious	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ανυπότακτος	The rebellious artist rejected the academy's strict conventions.
1566	taunt	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: taunt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. χλευασμός 2. λοιδορία 3. σαρκασμός	It is unkind to taunt a player who misses a shot.
1567	coax	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: coax is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. καταφέρνω 2. πείθω	We used a treat to coax the frightened dog out from under the porch.
1568	deteriorate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: deteriorate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	χειροτερεύω	Without repairs, the wooden steps will deteriorate.
1569	regal	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: regal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ρεγκάλ	The actor's regal posture makes the queen immediately recognizable.
1570	lofty	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: lofty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αγέρωχος	The organization set a lofty goal of ending local homelessness.
1571	uncanny	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: uncanny is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αλλόκοτος	The twins had an uncanny ability to finish each other's sentences.
1572	mediate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mediate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μεσολαβώ	A counselor agreed to mediate the dispute between the teams.
1573	inept	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: inept is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ανίκανος 2. άχρηστος	The inept repair left the faucet leaking worse than before.
1574	disagreeable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	δυσάρεστος	A disagreeable smell drifted from the trash bin.
1575	resolute	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: resolute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποφασισμένος	The resolute climbers continued despite the cold wind.

Page 45 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 45.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The filter catches _____ sand before the water reaches the fine mesh.

Answer: coarse

2. The judges _____ privately before announcing the winner.

Answer: confer

3. The mayor will _____ a medal on the brave rescuer.

Answer: bestow

4. We used a treat to _____ the frightened dog out from under the porch.

Answer: coax

5. The _____ climbers continued despite the cold wind.

Answer: resolute

Page 46: words 1576–1600

Vocabulary page 46
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1576	valiant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: valiant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ανδρείος 2. θαρραλέος 3. τολμηρός	The valiant rescue crew entered the flooded tunnel.
1577	prioritize	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	προτεραιοποιώ	Emergency crews prioritize people who need immediate medical help.
1578	loathe	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: loathe is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	μισώ	I loathe wasting food that could have been shared.
1579	avid	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: avid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ακόλαστος	An avid birder can recognize many species by their calls.
1580	retaliate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: retaliate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εκδικούμαι	The coach warned players not to retaliate after a rough tackle.
1581	confide	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: confide is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εκμυστηρεύομαι	Mara chose to confide her worry to a close friend.
1582	commemorate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: commemorate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	εορτάζω τη μνήμη	The mural will commemorate the nurses who served during the epidemic.
1583	deter	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: deter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αποτρέπω	Bright lighting can deter theft near the station.
1584	symmetrical	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: symmetrical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	συμμετρικός	The butterfly's wings form a nearly symmetrical pattern.
1585	refine	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: refine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ραφινάρω	Repeated testing will refine the team’s model.
1586	distort	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: distort is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	διαστρεβλώνω	A misleading scale can distort the differences shown on a graph.
1587	enduring	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: enduring is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ανθεκτικός	The court decision had an enduring influence on civil rights.
1588	nonlinear	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Prefix focus: non- means not or without.	μη γραμμικό	The curved graph represents a nonlinear relationship.
1589	paraphrase	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: paraphrase is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	παραφράζω	Students paraphrase the paragraph instead of copying it.
1590	regenerative	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	αναγεννητικός	Regenerative farming practices rebuild soil instead of exhausting it.
1591	thrifty	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: thrifty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. οικονόμος 2. φειδωλός	The thrifty cook turned leftover vegetables into soup.
1592	suffocate	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: suffocate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πνίγω	Smoke can suffocate people inside a closed room.
1593	timid	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: timid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αθάρρευτος	The timid kitten hid behind the chair.
1594	auditory	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: auditory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ακροατήριο	The auditory nerve carries signals from the inner ear.
1595	meager	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: meager is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. γλίσχρος 2. ισχνός 3. λιγοστός	The meager harvest could not feed the entire village.
1596	clench	verb Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: clench is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	δένω	People sometimes clench their fists when they feel tense.
1597	biodegradable	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. βιοαποικοδομήσιμος 2. βιοδιασπάσιμος	Leaves are biodegradable and can become compost.
1598	apprehensive	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	οξυδερκής	Nora felt apprehensive before speaking to the large audience.
1599	queasy	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: queasy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	αναγουλιαστικός	The rocking boat made me feel queasy.
1600	defiant	adjective Study Field: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: defiant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	πεισματάρης	The defiant witness refused to repeat the false statement.

Page 46 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 46.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The _____ rescue crew entered the flooded tunnel.

Answer: valiant

2. The mural will _____ the nurses who served during the epidemic.

Answer: commemorate

3. The curved graph represents a _____ relationship.

Answer: nonlinear

4. The _____ nerve carries signals from the inner ear.

Answer: auditory

5. The _____ witness refused to repeat the false statement.

Answer: defiant

About this cross-exam English set

TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.

The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.

ETS TOEFL test overview

Sources and curriculum references

These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.