English Vocabulary · Cross-exam Academic English Beta
TOEFL · TOEIC · IELTS · IGCSE Vocabulary
This 1,600-word beta set supports learners preparing for TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English. Official specimen papers supply the primary occurrence evidence, so words shared across several programmes rise toward the beginning of the list. Overlap with school-grade, SAT, and GRE vocabulary is intentional because the same academic English serves several learning pathways.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Open the basic text version — works without JavaScript and is suitable for printing.
Your private study tools
Track your learning with My Vocabulary
Use the three small controls beside any word. Your choices stay attached to your account and appear in your My Vocabulary record.
- Star a difficult word to practise it again.
- Check a word when you have learned it.
- Add a note with a memory clue, synonym, or reminder.
These controls work during your free visits and save privately on this browser. Sign in to move them into your account’s My Vocabulary record.
| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 561 | complication | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | επιπλοκή | A sudden flood creates a complication in the travelers' plan. |
| 562 | cordial | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: cordial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | εγκάρδιος | Despite their disagreement, the candidates remained cordial. |
| 563 | artisan | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: artisan is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | τεχνίτης | The artisan shaped clay into durable storage jars. |
| 564 | terminating | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: terminating is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | τερματισμός | One eighth has the terminating decimal 0.125. |
| 565 | embark | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: embark is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. επιβιβάζομαι 2. μπαρκάρω | The researchers embark on a five-year study of coastal erosion. |
| 566 | glossary | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: glossary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | γλωσσάριο | The glossary defines unfamiliar words used in the ecology chapter. |
| 567 | fascinate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: fascinate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | συναρπάζω | Deep-sea creatures fascinate scientists and students alike. |
| 568 | correspond | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: correspond is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | αλληλογραφώ | Each colored line should correspond to one category in the key. |
| 569 | cartography | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Root and suffix focus: -graphy relates to writing, recording, or describing. | χαρτογραφία | Modern cartography uses satellite images to show changing coastlines. |
| 570 | relational | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: relational is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | σχεσιακός | The database uses relational links between customers and orders. |
| 571 | microorganism | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice. | μικροοργανισμός | Some kinds of microorganism help produce yogurt. |
| 572 | saturate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: saturate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | κορεννύω | Continued rain will saturate the soil. |
| 573 | annotate | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: annotate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | υπομνηματίζω | Readers annotate the article by marking claims and unfamiliar terms. |
| 574 | synchronize | verb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply. | συγχρονίζω | The technicians synchronize the clocks before collecting measurements. |
| 575 | election | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. εκλογή 2. εκλογές | The student council election will take place on Friday. |
| 576 | western | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: western is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | δυτικός | Dark clouds gathered over the western hills. |
| 577 | certainly | adverb StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs. | 1. βεβαίως 2. σίγουρα 3. ασφαλώς | The fresh tracks certainly belong to a large animal. |
| 578 | tax | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: tax is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | φόρος | The sales tax helps fund local services. |
| 579 | federal | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: federal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ομοσπονδιακός | Federal law applies throughout the country. |
| 580 | economic | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: economic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | οικονομικός | The new harbor created economic opportunities. |
| 581 | channel | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: channel is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | κανάλι | The storm cut a new channel through the sand. |
| 582 | firm | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: firm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. στέρεος 2. στερεός 3. γερός | Press the seed into the firm soil. |
| 583 | eastern | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: eastern is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ανατολικός | Morning sunlight warmed the eastern side of the house. |
| 584 | justice | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: justice is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | δικαιοσύνη | The court seeks justice by examining evidence carefully. |
| 585 | income | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: income is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. εισόδημα 2. έσοδα | Part of her summer income went into savings. |
| 586 | majority | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 1. πλειονότητα 2. πλειοψηφία | A majority of the class voted for the outdoor activity. |
| 587 | quarter | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: quarter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. τέταρτο 2. τεταρτημόριο | Nina ate one quarter of the orange. |
| 588 | initial | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: initial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | αρχικός | Our initial plan changed after we saw the weather forecast. |
| 589 | congress | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: congress is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | κογκρέσο | Congress considered a bill about national parks. |
| 590 | mass | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: mass is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | μάζα | The balance measures the rock's mass in grams. |
| 591 | executive | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency. | εκτελεστικός | The executive branch enforces federal laws. |
| 592 | economy | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: economy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | οικονομία | Tourism supports the island's economy. |
| 593 | prime | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: prime is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | πρώτος | Seven is a prime number because only one and seven divide it evenly. |
| 594 | capable | adjective StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: capable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | ικανός | Nora is capable of repairing the bicycle herself. |
| 595 | threat | noun StudyField: Cross-exam academic and functional English Word study: Base-form focus: threat is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | απειλή | Polluted water is a threat to the frogs in the marsh. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 17 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 17.
English reading
Reading passage is being prepared.
Greek translation
A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.
Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
About this cross-exam English set
TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, and Cambridge IGCSE English use different formats, but all require learners to understand precise vocabulary in context. TOEFL and IELTS emphasize academic reading and communication; TOEIC emphasizes workplace and everyday communication; IGCSE English asks students to interpret, analyze, and communicate through school-level texts and tasks. This combined set concentrates on useful language that can transfer across those pathways.
The ordering is evidence-led rather than alphabetical. Words found in official public specimen materials—especially words occurring across more than one programme—receive the strongest ranking. Because a limited specimen corpus cannot provide 1,600 distinct reliable teaching headwords, the remainder is transparently bridged from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 vocabulary using general English frequency and a fixed part-of-speech balance. This is an independent study resource, not an official product of any testing organization.
A limited public specimen corpus does not contain 1,600 distinct, reliable teaching headwords. The remaining places therefore bridge from KSSR’s audited Grade 4–9 curricula using general English frequency and a fixed balance of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Every row reuses a reviewed meaning, complete example sentence, word-study note, and dictionary-style equivalents in all launch languages. The first release includes five cloze questions per page; reading workshops will be added only after their English passages and translations are separately reviewed.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 1
- ETS: TOEFL iBT Full-Length Practice Test 2
- ETS: TOEIC Listening and Reading Sample Test
- IELTS: Academic Reading Sample Tasks 2023
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Paper
- Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/01 2027 Specimen Insert
- Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language 0510/01 2019 Specimen Paper
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words