English Vocabulary · GRE Live Review Preview

GRE Vocabulary Words

The GRE Verbal Reasoning measure asks test takers to understand and evaluate written material, analyze relationships among ideas, and use evidence within a sentence or passage. Reading Comprehension, Text Completion, and Sentence Equivalence all reward careful attention to connotation, contrast, logic, and precise word choice—not isolated memorization alone.

This independently authored 800-word beta curriculum prioritizes vocabulary identified in Magoosh’s official public GRE vocabulary ebook, then draws on advanced KSSR entries that have already passed English safety and structure audits. Additional official and public GRE references guide test alignment and editorial review. Overlap with SAT and advanced school-level vocabulary is intentional because the tests share academic language. Pages containing words 1–500 include five cloze questions; every word remains visible, editable in Vocabulary Studio, and available for private difficult/learned tracking. This unofficial resource is not endorsed by or affiliated with ETS.

Return to interactive study tools

Complete text list

All 800 words are included below as ordinary HTML. This view does not require JavaScript.

Page 1: words 1–35

Vocabulary page 1
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1	advocate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: advocate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	выступа́ть	Several physicians advocate earlier screening for the disease.
2	aesthetic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: aesthetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. эстети́ческий 2. эстетический	The architect balanced aesthetic goals with practical safety needs.
3	alleviate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: alleviate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. облегча́ть 2. смягча́ть 3. уменьша́ть	Shade trees can alleviate extreme heat on city streets.
4	paucity	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. ску́дность 2. малочи́сленность 3. недоста́точность	A paucity of evidence makes the conclusion uncertain.
5	contrite	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: contrite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	кающийся	The contrite official apologized and returned the misused funds.
6	laconic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: laconic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. лакони́чный 2. немногосло́вный	His laconic reply revealed nothing about his intentions.
7	pugnacious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	драчли́вый	The pugnacious spokesperson turned every interview into a confrontation.
8	disparate	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: disparate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. несравнимый 2. несоизмеримый	The essay connects disparate examples through one central idea.
9	egregious	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. вопию́щий 2. отъя́вленный	The audit uncovered an egregious misuse of public money.
10	innocuous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. безвре́дный 2. безоби́дный	The innocuous question unexpectedly revealed a deeper disagreement.
11	candid	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: candid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. беспристрастный 2. непредвзятый	Her candid assessment revealed serious flaws in the project.
12	erratic	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: erratic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. неравномерный 2. нерегулярный	Erratic rainfall made planting decisions difficult.
13	extant	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: extant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. сохрани́вшийся 2. существу́ющий	Only three extant copies of the map are known.
14	contentious	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. дискуссионный 2. спо́рный	Housing policy became the election's most contentious issue.
15	auspicious	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	благоприя́тный	A peaceful transfer of power was an auspicious beginning.
16	enervate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: enervate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. обесси́ливать 2. обесси́лить	Weeks of extreme heat can enervate even experienced fieldworkers.
17	ambivalent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: ambivalent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. дво́йственный 2. противоречи́вый	She felt ambivalent about leaving home for a distant university.
18	sedulous	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. приле́жный 2. стара́тельный 3. упо́рный	Through sedulous research, she reconstructed the lost manuscript.
19	galvanize	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	гальванизи́ровать	The shocking images helped galvanize public support for reform.
20	hedge	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: hedge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	экиво́к	Careful scientists hedge conclusions when the sample is small.
21	qualify	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	1. уточня́ть 2. ограни́чивать	The researcher must qualify the conclusion because the sample was small.
22	zeitgeist	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ist often names a person associated with a field, belief, or practice.	дух вре́мени	The novel captures the anxious zeitgeist of the decade.
23	demur	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: demur is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	возражать	Two members began to demur when the vote was rushed.
24	hector	verb Study Field: Grade 11 precise interdisciplinary word Word study: Base-form focus: hector is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	быть тесный	The supervisor tried to hector employees into unpaid overtime.
25	quixotic	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: quixotic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	донкихо́тский	The plan to end all traffic within a week was quixotic.
26	malapropism	noun Study Field: Grade 9 literature, rhetoric, and language term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	малапропи́зм	Saying “dance a flamingo” instead of “dance a flamenco” is a malapropism.
27	byzantine	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: byzantine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	византи́ец	Applicants struggled with the agency's byzantine rules.
28	supercilious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. высокоме́рный 2. надме́нный	The critic's supercilious tone alienated ordinary readers.
29	mercurial	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: mercurial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	рту́тный	The mercurial director praised the plan one day and rejected it the next.
30	bilious	adjective Study Field: Grade 11 precise interdisciplinary word Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. же́лчный 2. раздражи́тельный	The bilious columnist attacked every proposal without offering an alternative.
31	choleric	adjective Study Field: Grade 10 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: choleric is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	холерик	The choleric supervisor responded to small delays with disproportionate fury.
32	sanguine	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: sanguine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. жизнерадостный 2. оптимистичный	Analysts remain sanguine about the economy's long-term prospects.
33	parochial	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: parochial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. у́зкий 2. ограни́ченный 3. ме́стнический	A parochial approach ignored the river's importance across borders.
34	catholic	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: catholic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. католи́ческий 2. католический	Her catholic taste in music ranged from opera to electronic dance.
35	iconoclast	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: iconoclast is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	иконобо́рец	The composer became an iconoclast by rejecting every accepted form.

A Design Worth Defending

Reading practice for pages 1–3. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

The museum’s spare aesthetic divided visitors on opening night. One architect chose to advocate for the design, explaining that the quiet rooms directed attention toward the art. Her explanation helped alleviate some concerns, but several guests remained ambivalent: they admired the clarity yet missed the warmth of the old galleries. By the end of the week, the sharpest criticism began to abate as visitors spent more time with the exhibition.

Russian translation

Сдержанная эстетика музея разделила посетителей в вечер открытия. Одна архитектор решила выступить в защиту проекта, объяснив, что тихие залы направляют внимание на искусство. Её объяснение помогло развеять некоторые опасения, но несколько гостей остались в сомнениях: они восхищались ясностью, однако скучали по теплоте старых галерей. К концу недели самая резкая критика начала ослабевать, поскольку посетители проводили больше времени на выставке.

Reading comprehension

1. Why does the architect defend the design?

She says the quiet rooms direct attention toward the art.

2. Why are some visitors ambivalent?

They value the clarity but miss the warmth of the old galleries.

3. What happens to the criticism by the end of the week?

The sharpest criticism begins to abate.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Several physicians _____ earlier screening for the disease.

Answer: advocate

2. The architect balanced _____ goals with practical safety needs.

Answer: aesthetic

3. Shade trees can _____ extreme heat on city streets.

Answer: alleviate

4. A _____ of evidence makes the conclusion uncertain.

Answer: paucity

5. The _____ official apologized and returned the misused funds.

Answer: contrite

Page 2: words 36–70

Vocabulary page 2
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
36	prevaricate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: prevaricate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	уви́ливать	The witness began to prevaricate when asked about the missing funds.
37	thrifty	adjective Study Field: Grade 5 language and literature word Word study: Base-form focus: thrifty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. бережли́вый 2. хозя́йственный 3. эконо́мный	The thrifty cook turned leftover vegetables into soup.
38	regression	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. возвраще́ние 2. регре́сс 3. регре́ссия	The researchers used regression to control for age.
39	impecunious	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	бедный	The impecunious student relied on free public lectures.
40	penurious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. ска́редный 2. скупо́й	The penurious patron refused to fund basic safety repairs.
41	affluent	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: affluent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. оби́льный 2. изоби́льный	The survey compared affluent districts with communities lacking basic services.
42	profligate	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: profligate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. распу́тный 2. развра́тный	Profligate spending left the administration deeply in debt.
43	prodigal	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: prodigal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	расточительный	The prodigal heir exhausted the estate within a decade.
44	avarice	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: avarice is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. а́лчность 2. жа́дность 3. ску́пость	The novel portrays avarice as a force that destroys trust.
45	cupidity	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. а́лчность 2. жа́дность 3. корыстолю́бие	The satire portrays cupidity as the mayor's only principle.
46	defray	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: defray is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. опла́чивать 2. плати́ть 3. покрыва́ть	A grant will defray travel expenses.
47	apotheosis	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: apotheosis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	апофео́з	Critics called the cathedral the apotheosis of Gothic architecture.
48	bellicose	adjective Study Field: Grade 11 precise interdisciplinary word Word study: Base-form focus: bellicose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	вои́нственный	The leader's bellicose speech alarmed neighboring states.
49	truculent	adjective Study Field: Grade 11 precise interdisciplinary word Word study: Base-form focus: truculent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	вызыва́ющий	The minister's truculent reply threatened the fragile truce.
50	ferret	verb Study Field: Grade 8 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: ferret is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. хорь 2. хорёк	The auditor will ferret out errors in the complicated accounts.
51	serendipity	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. счастливый 2. счастли́вое стече́ние обстоятельство 3. обстоя́тельств	Serendipity led the chemist to an unexpected material.
52	invective	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: invective is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	оскорбление	The debate deteriorated into personal invective.
53	diatribe	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: diatribe is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. диатри́ба 2. обличительный 3. обличительная речь	The editorial became a diatribe against anyone who questioned the policy.
54	tirade	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: tirade is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	тира́да	The meeting ended with a tirade against the press.
55	harangue	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: harangue is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. страстный 2. стра́стное обраще́ние	The coach's angry harangue embarrassed the entire team.
56	catalyst	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: catalyst is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. катализа́тор 2. катализатор	The court decision became a catalyst for nationwide reform.
57	gregarious	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. коммуника́бельный 2. конта́ктный 3. общи́тельный	The gregarious researcher built collaborations across several departments.
58	ingenuous	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	бесхи́тростный	Her ingenuous question revealed a flaw the experts had overlooked.
59	disabuse	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: disabuse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	избавиться от злоупотреблений	The evidence should disabuse readers of the idea that the change was sudden.
60	amiable	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: amiable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. дружелю́бный 2. приве́тливый 3. любе́зный	Despite the fierce debate, the candidates remained amiable afterward.
61	affable	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: affable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	приве́тливый	The affable professor welcomed questions after the lecture.
62	nascent	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: nascent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. рожда́ющийся 2. зарожда́ющийся 3. возника́ющий	The nascent movement had enthusiasm but little organization.
63	attenuate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: attenuate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ослабля́ть	Trees can attenuate traffic noise.
64	animosity	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. вражде́бность 2. неприя́знь	Old animosity between the rivals complicated the negotiations.
65	anomalous	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	анома́льный	The team repeated the test after one anomalous result.
66	acrimony	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: acrimony is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	желчность	Years of acrimony made a calm settlement difficult.
67	aberration	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. аберра́ция 2. аберрация	The single cold day was an aberration in an otherwise warm month.
68	ambiguous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. двусмы́сленный 2. неоднозна́чный 3. многозна́чный	The ambiguous instructions produced three different results.
69	amorphous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. амо́рфный 2. бесфо́рменный 3. аморфный	The movement remained amorphous until its members adopted shared goals.
70	admonish	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: admonish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. укоря́ть 2. порица́ть 3. предостере́чь	The judge had to admonish the witness for interrupting.

Page 2 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 2.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The witness began to _____ when asked about the missing funds.

Answer: prevaricate

2. The _____ cook turned leftover vegetables into soup.

Answer: thrifty

3. The researchers used _____ to control for age.

Answer: regression

4. The _____ student relied on free public lectures.

Answer: impecunious

5. The _____ patron refused to fund basic safety repairs.

Answer: penurious

Page 3: words 71–105

Vocabulary page 3
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
71	calumny	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: calumny is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. изве́т 2. клевета́ 3. наве́т	The candidate denounced the rumor as a deliberate calumny.
72	commensurate	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: commensurate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. соизмери́мый 2. соотве́тственный 3. сопостави́мый	Compensation should be commensurate with the risks of the work.
73	castigate	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: castigate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. осужда́ть 2. критикова́ть	Editorials began to castigate officials for ignoring the contamination.
74	chastise	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: chastise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	нака́зывать	The supervisor had to chastise the team for falsifying records.
75	cogent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: cogent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. убедительный 2. достове́рный 3. обосно́ванный	The lawyer offered a cogent explanation supported by three records.
76	fractious	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. капризный 2. раздражительный	The fractious coalition struggled to agree on a budget.
77	factitious	adjective Study Field: Grade 11 precise interdisciplinary word Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	иску́сственный	The advertisement manufactured a factitious sense of urgency.
78	exhort	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: exhort is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	увещева́ть	The editorial will exhort legislators to protect the river.
79	unconscionable	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	бессо́вестный	The court rejected the unconscionable contract terms.
80	belie	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: belie is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	искажа́ть	Her calm voice seemed to belie the urgency of the situation.
81	disinterested	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: disinterested is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. бескоры́стный 2. беспристра́стный 3. незаинтересо́ванный	A disinterested panel reviewed the competing proposals.
82	equivocal	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: equivocal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	сомни́тельный	The spokesperson's equivocal answer satisfied neither side.
83	limpid	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: limpid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	прозра́чный	The scientist's limpid prose made the research accessible.
84	remiss	adjective Study Field: Grade 11 precise interdisciplinary word Word study: Base-form focus: remiss is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	небре́жный	The agency was remiss in failing to inspect the bridge.
85	remonstrate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: remonstrate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. протестова́ть 2. возража́ть	Residents gathered to remonstrate against the closure.
86	abash	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: abash is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. смуща́ть 2. конфу́зить 3. приводи́ть в замеша́тельство	The unexpected praise seemed to abash the normally confident speaker.
87	abate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: abate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. уменьша́ть 2. уме́ньшить	The wind began to abate shortly after sunset.
88	abdicate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: abdicate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. слагать полномочие 2. слагать полномочия	A leader cannot abdicate responsibility when a policy fails.
89	abhor	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: abhor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ненави́деть 2. пита́ть отвраще́ние	The reformer came to abhor laws that punished peaceful dissent.
90	abject	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: abject is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. жа́лкий 2. уни́женный	The expedition ended in abject failure after both engines stopped.
91	abridge	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: abridge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. сокраща́ть 2. уменьша́ть 3. сумми́ровать	The editor will abridge the memoir for younger readers.
92	absolve	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: absolve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. освобожда́ть от 2. снима́ть	New evidence may absolve the driver of responsibility for the crash.
93	abstain	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: abstain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. возде́рживаться 2. воздержа́ться	Two committee members will abstain from voting because of conflicts of interest.
94	abstruse	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: abstruse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	мудрёный	The article's abstruse terminology confused readers outside the field.
95	abysmal	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: abysmal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. отврати́тельный 2. бездо́нный	The shelter's abysmal conditions prompted an official investigation.
96	accede	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: accede is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	соглаша́ться	After months of debate, the council chose to accede to the residents' demand.
97	acclaim	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: acclaim is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	аплоди́ровать	The novelist earned critical acclaim for her vivid historical research.
98	accolade	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: accolade is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. похвала́ 2. панеги́рик	The scientist accepted the accolade on behalf of her entire laboratory.
99	accommodate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: accommodate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. размеща́ть 2. размести́ть	The revised schedule can accommodate students in different time zones.
100	acquiesce	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: acquiesce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	соглаша́ться	Faced with a unanimous vote, the director decided to acquiesce.
101	acumen	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: acumen is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. прозорли́вость 2. проница́тельность 3. сообрази́тельность	Her financial acumen helped the small company survive the recession.
102	adamant	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: adamant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. категори́чный 2. непода́тливый 3. непоколеби́мый	The physician was adamant that the trial must follow safety rules.
103	adaptable	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. адапти́руемый 2. приспоса́бливаемый 3. приспособля́емый	An adaptable species can survive rapid environmental change.
104	adept	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: adept is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. зна́ющий 2. све́дущий 3. о́пытный	The mediator was adept at finding language both sides could accept.
105	adjacent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: adjacent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. сосе́дний 2. прилега́ющий 3. примыка́ющий	The museum moved the sculpture to an adjacent gallery.

Page 3 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 3.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The candidate denounced the rumor as a deliberate _____.

Answer: calumny

2. Compensation should be _____ with the risks of the work.

Answer: commensurate

3. Editorials began to _____ officials for ignoring the contamination.

Answer: castigate

4. The supervisor had to _____ the team for falsifying records.

Answer: chastise

5. The lawyer offered a _____ explanation supported by three records.

Answer: cogent

Page 4: words 106–140

Vocabulary page 4
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
106	corroborate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: corroborate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. подкреплять 2. подтвержда́ть 3. подтверди́ть	Phone records corroborate the witness's timeline.
107	counterintuitive	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	контринтуити́вный	The counterintuitive result improved efficiency by slowing the process.
108	adulation	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. ле́сть 2. подхали́мство	The actor distrusted the sudden adulation that followed one successful film.
109	alacrity	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. гото́вность 2. жи́вость 3. рве́ние	The volunteers responded with alacrity when extra help was requested.
110	prosaic	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: prosaic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	прозаический	The mystery ends with a prosaic explanation.
111	affinity	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. бли́зость 2. сродство́ 3. влече́ние	Mina felt an affinity for stories about determined explorers.
112	affirm	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: affirm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	подтверждать	The ruling will affirm every citizen's right to peaceful assembly.
113	agnostic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: agnostic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. агности́ческий 2. агностический	The software is platform agnostic and works on several operating systems.
114	allege	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: allege is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. безоснова́тельно утвержда́ть 2. голосло́вно утвержда́ть	Investigators allege that the contractor concealed safety defects.
115	veracity	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	правди́вость	Documents from several sources support the account's veracity.
116	allude	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: allude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. намека́ть 2. намекну́ть 3. упомина́ть	The poem may allude to an ancient myth without naming it.
117	allusion	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. аллю́зия 2. намёк	The title contains an allusion to a well-known folktale.
118	aloof	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: aloof is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. отчуждённый 2. стороня́щийся 3. сде́ржанный	His aloof manner made cooperation seem unlikely.
119	altruism	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. альтруи́зм 2. альтруизм	The anonymous donation was an act of genuine altruism.
120	ameliorate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: ameliorate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. улу́чшить 2. улучша́ть	The new drainage system should ameliorate flooding in the valley.
121	amnesty	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: amnesty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. поми́лование 2. амни́стия 3. амнистия	The government offered amnesty to people who surrendered banned equipment.
122	anachronism	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. анахрони́зм 2. пережи́ток 3. анахронизм	A digital wristwatch would be an anachronism in a film set in 1800.
123	anarchy	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: anarchy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ана́рхия 2. безвла́стие 3. анархия	The collapse of local authority briefly led to anarchy.
124	anecdotal	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: anecdotal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. несистемати́ческий 2. случа́йный	The claim rests on anecdotal reports, not a controlled study.
125	anomaly	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: anomaly is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. анома́лия 2. ненорма́льность 3. аномалия	Scientists rechecked the instrument after detecting an anomaly in the data.
126	antecedent	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: antecedent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. предше́ствующий 2. предыду́щий	The historian traced the law's antecedent to a colonial ordinance.
127	nefarious	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. бесче́стный 2. нече́стный 3. ни́зкий	Investigators uncovered a nefarious scheme to sell forged medicine.
128	apathy	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: apathy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. апа́тия 2. безразли́чие 3. равноду́шие	Voter apathy can weaken public accountability.
129	aphorism	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. афори́зм 2. афоризм	The essay opens with an aphorism about patience and power.
130	appease	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: appease is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. умиротворя́ть 2. умиротвори́ть 3. успока́ивать	A minor concession did little to appease the angry residents.
131	approbation	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	одобре́ние	The proposal won the approbation of several respected researchers.
132	arbitrary	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: arbitrary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. произво́льный 2. произвольный	The deadline seemed arbitrary because no schedule depended on it.
133	arcane	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: arcane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. та́йный 2. таи́нственный 3. мисти́ческий	The manual explains arcane legal terms in plain language.
134	archaic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: archaic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. архаи́чный 2. дре́вний 3. ста́рый	The translator replaced each archaic expression with a modern equivalent.
135	ardent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: ardent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. горя́чий 2. пла́менный 3. пы́лкий	An ardent conservationist, Lee spent weekends restoring wetlands.
136	arduous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. тру́дный 2. напряжённый 3. тяжёлый	Restoring the storm-damaged archive was an arduous task.
137	articulate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: articulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	артикулировать	The witness struggled to articulate exactly what she had observed.
138	ascetic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: ascetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. аске́т 2. аскет	The monk followed an ascetic routine of simple meals and few possessions.
139	assiduous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. приле́жный 2. стара́тельный 3. усе́рдный	Through assiduous research, the biographer verified every quotation.
140	assimilate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: assimilate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ассимили́ровать	Readers need time to assimilate several competing explanations.

Evidence Against Intuition

Reading practice for pages 4–6. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

During a research briefing, Dr. Malik carefully delineated the difference between correlation and cause. Her result seemed counterintuitive, so the committee asked for an independent analysis. A second laboratory was able to corroborate the central finding. With appropriate deference to the new evidence, the project’s strongest critic had to construe the result differently because his earlier explanation no longer fit the data. The discussion changed because the participants treated revision as a strength rather than a defeat.

Russian translation

Во время исследовательского брифинга доктор Малик тщательно разграничила корреляцию и причинную связь. Её результат казался противоречащим интуиции, поэтому комитет попросил провести независимый анализ. Вторая лаборатория смогла подтвердить основной вывод. С должным вниманием к новым доказательствам самому убеждённому критику проекта пришлось иначе истолковать результат, потому что его прежнее объяснение больше не соответствовало данным. Обсуждение изменилось, потому что участники считали пересмотр сильной стороной, а не поражением.

Reading comprehension

1. Why does the committee request another analysis?

The result seems counterintuitive, so the committee wants independent evidence.

2. What does the second laboratory do?

It corroborates the central finding.

3. Why must the critic construe the result differently?

His earlier explanation no longer fits the data.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Phone records _____ the witness's timeline.

Answer: corroborate

2. The _____ result improved efficiency by slowing the process.

Answer: counterintuitive

3. The actor distrusted the sudden _____ that followed one successful film.

Answer: adulation

4. The volunteers responded with _____ when extra help was requested.

Answer: alacrity

5. The mystery ends with a _____ explanation.

Answer: prosaic

Page 5: words 141–175

Vocabulary page 5
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
141	assuage	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: assuage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. смягча́ть 2. уменьша́ть	Clear safety data helped assuage public anxiety.
142	negligible	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	пренебрежи́мый	The second treatment produced a negligible improvement.
143	audacious	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. отва́жный 2. сме́лый	The engineers proposed an audacious plan to move the entire lighthouse.
144	augment	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: augment is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. увели́чивать 2. увели́чить 3. дополня́ть	Solar panels will augment the building's existing power supply.
145	austere	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: austere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. стро́гий 2. суро́вый	The room's austere design reflected the order's values.
146	autonomous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	автоно́мный	The region became autonomous while remaining part of the federation.
147	aversion	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. отвраще́ние 2. неприя́тие 3. неприя́знь	His aversion to risk kept him from investing in the uncertain venture.
148	banal	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: banal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. бана́льный 2. изби́тый 3. обыкнове́нный	The critic dismissed the slogan as banal and forgettable.
149	belligerent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: belligerent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. вражде́бный 2. вои́нственный	The diplomat's belligerent remarks threatened the fragile truce.
150	benign	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: benign is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. доброка́чественный 2. доброкачественный	Tests confirmed that the unusual growth was benign.
151	bolster	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: bolster is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. подпира́ть 2. подде́рживать 3. крепи́ть	New survey data may bolster the report's central claim.
152	bombastic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: bombastic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. напы́щенный 2. помпе́зный	The mayor's bombastic speech offered drama but no practical plan.
153	brevity	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	кра́ткость	The editor praised the memo's clarity and brevity.
154	capricious	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	капризный	Capricious enforcement made the rule seem unfair.
155	caustic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: caustic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	е́дкий	His caustic review attacked the author instead of evaluating the evidence.
156	censure	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: censure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. вы́говор 2. замеча́ние	The committee voted to censure the official for hiding records.
157	circumspect	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: circumspect is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. осмотрительный 2. бди́тельный	The attorney remained circumspect when discussing an unresolved case.
158	neophyte	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: neophyte is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	неофи́т	As a neophyte, he asked questions that veterans had stopped considering.
159	coalesce	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: coalesce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. сливаться 2. объединя́ться	Several neighborhood groups began to coalesce around one proposal.
160	coerce	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: coerce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. заставля́ть 2. заста́вить 3. принужда́ть	A valid agreement cannot coerce either party into surrendering legal rights.
161	collaborate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: collaborate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. сотру́дничать 2. коопери́ровать	Scientists from five countries will collaborate on the telescope project.
162	complacent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: complacent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	самодово́льный	Early success made the team complacent about quality control.
163	complement	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: complement is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. дополня́ть 2. допо́лнить	The photographs complement the essay's detailed description.
164	comprehensive	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. всеобъе́млющий 2. всеохва́тный 3. всесторо́нний	The review provides a comprehensive account of existing research.
165	concede	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: concede is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. признава́ть 2. призна́ть	The author must concede that the evidence remains incomplete.
166	conciliatory	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: conciliatory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. примири́тельный 2. умиротворя́ющий	Her conciliatory reply reopened the stalled negotiations.
167	concurrent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: concurrent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. одновреме́нный 2. паралле́льный	The study tracked two concurrent changes in rainfall and crop yield.
168	condone	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: condone is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. допуска́ть 2. проща́ть 3. разреша́ть	Silence may appear to condone conduct that should be challenged.
169	construe	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: construe is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. толкова́ть 2. истолковывать	Some readers construe the ending as hopeful, while others find it bleak.
170	contextualize	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	контекстуализировать	The introduction will contextualize the speech within the labor movement.
171	contrive	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: contrive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. замышлять 2. изобрета́ть	The playwright can contrive a meeting without making it seem improbable.
172	conventional	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: conventional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. общепри́нятый 2. конвенцио́нный	The artist rejected conventional portrait techniques.
173	converge	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: converge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. прибли́зиться 2. приближа́ться 3. сойти́сь	The two lines of evidence converge on the same conclusion.
174	cryptic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: cryptic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	загадочный	The note's cryptic wording left investigators uncertain.
175	culminate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: culminate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	заканчивать	Months of rehearsals will culminate in a public performance.

Page 5 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 5.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Clear safety data helped _____ public anxiety.

Answer: assuage

2. The second treatment produced a _____ improvement.

Answer: negligible

3. The engineers proposed an _____ plan to move the entire lighthouse.

Answer: audacious

4. Solar panels will _____ the building's existing power supply.

Answer: augment

5. The room's _____ design reflected the order's values.

Answer: austere

Page 6: words 176–210

Vocabulary page 6
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
176	cursory	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: cursory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. бе́глый 2. пове́рхностный	A cursory inspection failed to reveal the small fracture.
177	dearth	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: dearth is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. го́лод 2. дефици́т 3. недоста́ток	A dearth of reliable records limits the historian's conclusions.
178	debunk	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: debunk is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. развенчивать 2. разоблачать	The experiment helped debunk a popular myth about memory.
179	deference	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	1. почита́ние 2. почте́ние 3. респе́кт	Out of deference to local experts, the team revised its plan.
180	delineate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: delineate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	изображать	The contract must delineate each partner's responsibilities.
181	denigrate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: denigrate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. клевета́ть 2. нагова́ривать 3. очерня́ть	The article should challenge the theory without trying to denigrate its author.
182	denote	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: denote is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. отмеча́ть 2. обознача́ть 3. различа́ть	On this map, a dashed line may denote a seasonal trail.
183	deride	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: deride is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. насмеха́ться 2. высме́ивать 3. вы́смеять	Critics began to deride the invention before testing it.
184	derivative	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	произво́дный	Reviewers found the sequel derivative despite its impressive effects.
185	despondent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: despondent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. уны́лый 2. пода́вленный 3. мра́чный	The repeated rejections left the applicant despondent.
186	didactic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: didactic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. наста́внический 2. нравоучи́тельный 3. дидакти́ческий	The novel is didactic, but its characters still feel convincing.
187	diffident	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: diffident is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. неуве́ренный в себе́ 2. засте́нчивый 3. ро́бкий	The diffident student spoke more freely in a small group.
188	diligent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: diligent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. приле́жный 2. усе́рдный 3. трудолюби́вый	A diligent researcher checks every citation against its source.
189	discerning	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: discerning is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	проницательный	A discerning reader notices when evidence does not support a conclusion.
190	discredit	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: discredit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. дискредити́ровать 2. позо́рить 3. опозо́рить	One fabricated result can discredit an otherwise valuable study.
191	discrepancy	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: discrepancy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. несоотве́тствие 2. разли́чие	Auditors investigated a discrepancy between the invoice and the payment.
192	discrete	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: discrete is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	отде́льный	The survey measures three discrete aspects of public opinion.
193	disdain	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: disdain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. презре́ние 2. пренебреже́ние	The narrator expresses disdain for empty displays of wealth.
194	dispassionate	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: dispassionate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	беспристра́стный	A judge must offer a dispassionate evaluation of the evidence.
195	disseminate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: disseminate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. распространя́ться 2. рассе́иваться	Public agencies disseminate storm warnings through several channels.
196	diverge	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: diverge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	расходи́ться	The researchers' interpretations diverge after the first experiment.
197	dogmatic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: dogmatic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. догмати́ческий 2. догматический	The essay sounds dogmatic because it ignores reasonable objections.
198	eclectic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: eclectic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	эклектичный	The exhibit presents an eclectic mix of sculpture, film, and textiles.
199	elicit	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: elicit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. извлека́ть 2. извле́чь	The interviewer used open questions to elicit detailed memories.
200	eloquent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: eloquent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	красноречи́вый	Her eloquent defense of the library changed several votes.
201	elusive	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	труднодостижимый	A simple explanation for the pattern remains elusive.
202	emulate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: emulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	копировать	Young architects often emulate designs they admire.
203	engender	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: engender is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	порожда́ть	Transparent rules can engender trust in public institutions.
204	enigmatic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: enigmatic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	зага́дочный	The painting's enigmatic symbols invite several interpretations.
205	ephemeral	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: ephemeral is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. эфеме́рный 2. преходящий 3. мимолётный	Online fame can be ephemeral without meaningful work behind it.
206	equanimity	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. невозмути́мость 2. самооблада́ние 3. хладнокро́вие	The pilot responded to the emergency with remarkable equanimity.
207	erroneous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. ло́жный 2. неве́рный 3. непра́вильный	The article withdrew an erroneous claim about the study.
208	erudite	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: erudite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. начи́танный 2. учёный 3. эруди́рованный	The historian's erudite lecture remained accessible to beginners.
209	esoteric	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: esoteric is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. эзотери́ческий 2. эзотерический	The journal translates esoteric research into language the public can follow.
210	exacerbate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: exacerbate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ухудша́ть 2. уху́дшить 3. усугубля́ть	Delaying repairs will exacerbate the damage caused by rain.

Page 6 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 6.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. A _____ inspection failed to reveal the small fracture.

Answer: cursory

2. A _____ of reliable records limits the historian's conclusions.

Answer: dearth

3. The experiment helped _____ a popular myth about memory.

Answer: debunk

4. Out of _____ to local experts, the team revised its plan.

Answer: deference

5. The contract must _____ each partner's responsibilities.

Answer: delineate

Page 7: words 211–245

Vocabulary page 7
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
211	exacting	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: exacting is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	тре́бовательный	Restoring the mosaic is exacting work that may take years.
212	explicit	adjective Study Field: Grade 6 academic reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: explicit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. чёткий 2. я́вный 3. я́сный	The recipe gives explicit instructions for handling the hot pan.
213	facilitate	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: facilitate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. спосо́бствовать 2. поспосо́бствовать 3. помога́ть	Clear labels facilitate the safe use of laboratory equipment.
214	exhaustive	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	исче́рпывающий	The committee conducted an exhaustive review of the safety records.
215	extol	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: extol is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. восхваля́ть 2. восхвали́ть 3. превозноси́ть	The biography tends to extol its subject while overlooking serious faults.
216	extraneous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. посторо́нний 2. вне́шний 3. чу́ждый	Remove extraneous details that distract from the central claim.
217	fallacious	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	оши́бочный	The argument is fallacious because it treats coincidence as proof of cause.
218	feasible	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	1. возмо́жный 2. выполни́мый 3. исполни́мый	Engineers concluded that the repair was feasible within the budget.
219	florid	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: florid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	витиеватый	The florid introduction obscured a fairly simple argument.
220	forthright	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: forthright is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	непосредственный	The report is forthright about the program's limitations.
221	frivolous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. легкомысленный 2. ветреный 3. несерьезный	The court dismissed the frivolous complaint.
222	germane	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: germane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. уме́стный 2. подходя́щий 3. соотве́тствующий	The editor removed a paragraph that was not germane to the argument.
223	gratuitous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. безвозмездный 2. беспла́тный 3. незаслуженный	The film's gratuitous cruelty added nothing to the story.
224	hackneyed	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: hackneyed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. бана́льный 2. зае́зженный 3. зата́сканный	The speech relied on hackneyed phrases instead of specific proposals.
225	idiosyncrasy	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: idiosyncrasy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. идиосинкрази́я 2. идиосинкразия	The narrator's habit of addressing objects is an idiosyncrasy of the novel.
226	impede	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: impede is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. меша́ть 2. препя́тствовать	Heavy fog may impede rescue aircraft.
227	imperative	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	императи́вный	It is imperative that the damaged bridge remain closed.
228	inadvertent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: inadvertent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. неумышленный 2. нечаянный	An inadvertent omission changed the meaning of the sentence.
229	incongruous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. неподходя́щий 2. неуме́стный	The modern plastic chair looked incongruous in the medieval hall.
230	incontrovertible	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	1. неопровержи́мый 2. неоспори́мый 3. несомне́нный	The dated photograph provides incontrovertible proof that the building existed.
231	indifferent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: indifferent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	посре́дственный	The narrator appears indifferent to the suffering around him.
232	induce	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: induce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. побужда́ть 2. убежда́ть 3. склоня́ть	The medication may induce drowsiness in some patients.
233	ineffable	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. невырази́мый 2. неопису́емый 3. несказа́нный	The memoir tries to capture the ineffable grief of sudden loss.
234	inherent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: inherent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. врождённый 2. прирождённый 3. прису́щий	Every measurement contains some inherent uncertainty.
235	insular	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: insular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	островно́й	The committee's insular outlook excluded valuable outside expertise.
236	integral	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: integral is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. недели́мый 2. неотдели́мый 3. неотъе́млемый	Reliable public transit is integral to the city's housing plan.
237	noisome	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: noisome is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	злово́нный	A noisome odor rose from the polluted canal.
238	intrinsic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: intrinsic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. имманентный 2. прису́щий 3. свойственный	Curiosity has intrinsic value beyond any reward it produces.
239	intuitive	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	интуити́вный	The map's intuitive design helps visitors navigate without instructions.
240	burlesque	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: burlesque is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	бурлеск	The play is a burlesque of solemn royal ceremonies.
241	latent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: latent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. скры́тый 2. лате́нтный	The crisis exposed latent divisions within the coalition.
242	burly	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: burly is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. доро́дный 2. кре́пкий 3. здоро́вый	A burly porter lifted the trunk without assistance.
243	malleable	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. ко́вкий 2. пластичный	Public opinion is often malleable during uncertain events.
244	burgeon	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: burgeon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	разрастаться	Small businesses began to burgeon near the new railway.
245	canonical	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: canonical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	канонический	The course questions why some works became canonical while others vanished.

Opening a Difficult Seminar

Reading practice for pages 7–9. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

The visiting scholar set exacting standards, and few students could follow her first lecture. The seminar leader asked her to make each definition explicit and use a concrete example. Those changes helped facilitate a genuine discussion. One student offered a confident but fallacious comparison, and the scholar corrected it without dismissing the student. Because every response remained germane to the question, the class gradually turned a difficult topic into a productive exchange.

Russian translation

Приглашённая учёная предъявляла высокие требования, и лишь немногие студенты смогли понять её первую лекцию. Руководительница семинара попросила её чётко объяснять каждое определение и приводить конкретный пример. Эти изменения помогли сделать обсуждение по-настоящему содержательным. Один студент привёл уверенное, но ошибочное сравнение, и учёная исправила его, не отвергая самого студента. Поскольку каждый ответ оставался уместным по отношению к вопросу, группа постепенно превратила трудную тему в плодотворный обмен мнениями.

Reading comprehension

1. What makes the scholar’s standards demanding?

Her standards are exacting.

2. What changes facilitate discussion?

Defining the terms and adding a concrete example facilitate discussion.

3. How does the scholar respond to the fallacious comparison?

She corrects it without dismissing the student.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Restoring the mosaic is _____ work that may take years.

Answer: exacting

2. The recipe gives _____ instructions for handling the hot pan.

Answer: explicit

3. Clear labels _____ the safe use of laboratory equipment.

Answer: facilitate

4. The committee conducted an _____ review of the safety records.

Answer: exhaustive

5. The biography tends to _____ its subject while overlooking serious faults.

Answer: extol

Page 8: words 246–280

Vocabulary page 8
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
246	mundane	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: mundane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. обыкнове́нный 2. земно́й 3. ску́чный	The poet finds beauty in mundane routines.
247	nebulous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. неопределённый 2. неотчётливый 3. нея́сный	The candidate offered a nebulous plan with no timetable.
248	nuanced	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: nuanced is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. глубокий 2. тщательный	Her nuanced argument recognizes benefits as well as risks.
249	obscure	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: obscure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. непоня́тный 2. нея́сный 3. туманный	Technical jargon can obscure a simple idea.
250	ostensible	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	формальный	The meeting's ostensible purpose was planning, though everyone expected a vote.
251	paradigm	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: paradigm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. паради́гма 2. образе́ц 3. приме́р	The discovery challenged the prevailing paradigm in astronomy.
252	paramount	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: paramount is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. вы́сший 2. первостепе́нный	Patient safety is paramount during a clinical trial.
253	partisan	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: partisan is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	парти́йный	The report avoids partisan language and presents evidence from both groups.
254	perfunctory	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: perfunctory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. небре́жный 2. пове́рхностный 3. машина́льный	The inspector's perfunctory review missed a dangerous defect.
255	peripheral	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: peripheral is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	вспомога́тельный	The debate focused on a peripheral detail rather than the proposal itself.
256	pragmatic	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: pragmatic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. практичный 2. прагматичный 3. практический	The mayor adopted a pragmatic approach to the budget shortfall.
257	precedent	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: precedent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. предше́ствующий 2. предыду́щий 3. прецеде́нт	The ruling established a precedent for protecting digital privacy.
258	precipitate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: precipitate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ускорить 2. ускорять	The bank's collapse could precipitate a wider financial crisis.
259	preclude	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: preclude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. исключать 2. мешать 3. предотвращать	A prior commitment may preclude her attendance.
260	prescient	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: prescient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	дальновидный	The author's prescient warning anticipated the later shortage.
261	profound	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: profound is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. глубо́кий 2. основательный 3. му́дрый	The invention had a profound effect on daily communication.
262	prolific	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: prolific is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. плодови́тый 2. продукти́вный	The prolific historian published more than twenty books.
263	reconcile	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: reconcile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. помири́ть 2. помири́ться 3. примири́ть	The theory must reconcile the two apparently contradictory results.
264	hermetic	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: hermetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. гермети́чный 2. герметичный	The critic objected to the novel's hermetic world of private symbols.
265	hierarchy	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Root and suffix focus: -archy relates to rule, rank, or a governing system.	1. иера́рхия 2. иерархия	The organization replaced a rigid hierarchy with shared leadership.
266	tenable	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: tenable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	разу́мный	The explanation is no longer tenable after the new discovery.
267	tentative	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. предположи́тельный 2. предвари́тельный 3. предполага́емый	The committee reached a tentative agreement.
268	underscore	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: underscore is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. подчёркивать 2. подчеркну́ть	The outage will underscore the need for backup power.
269	unequivocal	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: unequivocal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. недвусмы́сленный 2. однозначный	The laboratory issued an unequivocal denial of data manipulation.
270	viable	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: viable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. возмо́жный 2. осуществи́мый	The pilot study suggests that the method is viable.
271	abnegation	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	самоотрече́ние	Her abnegation of personal credit kept attention on the relief effort.
272	abortive	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	недоразвитый	An abortive rescue attempt ended when the weather worsened.
273	abstinence	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	воздержа́ние	Medical advice led him to choose abstinence from alcohol.
274	acclimate	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: acclimate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	акклиматизи́ровать	The climbers paused to acclimate before ascending farther.
275	accost	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: accost is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. обраща́ться 2. загова́ривать 3. приставать	A reporter tried to accost the actor outside the courthouse.
276	acerbic	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: acerbic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. саркастический 2. язви́тельный	The columnist's acerbic wit delighted some readers and offended others.
277	acrid	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: acrid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. о́стрый 2. ре́зкий	Acrid smoke drifted from the burned warehouse.
278	adherent	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: adherent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. приве́рженец 2. приве́рженка 3. сторо́нник	Each adherent signed a pledge to defend peaceful protest.
279	adulterate	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: adulterate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. разбавля́ть 2. подме́шивать	Dishonest merchants would adulterate the spice with colored powder.
280	adverse	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: adverse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	вражде́бный	The medicine produced no serious adverse effects.

Page 8 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 8.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The poet finds beauty in _____ routines.

Answer: mundane

2. The candidate offered a _____ plan with no timetable.

Answer: nebulous

3. Her _____ argument recognizes benefits as well as risks.

Answer: nuanced

4. Technical jargon can _____ a simple idea.

Answer: obscure

5. The meeting's _____ purpose was planning, though everyone expected a vote.

Answer: ostensible

Page 9: words 281–315

Vocabulary page 9
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
281	affectation	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. неесте́ственность 2. притво́рство	His elaborate accent was an affectation that disappeared among friends.
282	agenda	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: agenda is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. пове́стка 2. пове́стка дня 3. адже́нда	Environmental protection moved to the top of the council's agenda.
283	agrarian	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: agrarian is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. агра́рный 2. земе́льный 3. земледе́льческий	The reform transformed an agrarian economy into an industrial one.
284	alloy	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: alloy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	сплав	Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
285	ambience	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	атмосфера	Soft lighting gave the library a calm ambience.
286	amenity	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. удо́бство 2. комфорта́бельность	Reliable internet became an essential amenity for the remote town.
287	amoral	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: amoral is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	амора́льный	The novel depicts the machine as amoral rather than deliberately cruel.
288	amorous	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. любо́вный 2. аму́рный	The poet addressed each amorous sonnet to an unnamed beloved.
289	anguish	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: anguish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. терза́ться 2. изводи́ться 3. му́ка	The letter conveys a parent's anguish after the disappearance.
290	apocalyptic	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: apocalyptic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	апокалипти́ческий	The article rejects apocalyptic predictions unsupported by climate models.
291	apocryphal	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: apocryphal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	апокрифический	The apocryphal story appears in no contemporary account.
292	appreciable	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. ощути́мый 2. заме́тный	The treatment produced an appreciable decline in symptoms.
293	aptitude	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: aptitude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. скло́нность 2. спосо́бность 3. одарённость	Her aptitude for spatial reasoning became clear in engineering class.
294	arbiter	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: arbiter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	арби́тр	Both parties accepted the retired judge as a neutral arbiter.
295	artful	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: artful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	артистический	The candidate gave an artful answer that avoided the central issue.
296	artifice	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: artifice is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	выдумка	The memoir's apparent simplicity is a deliberate artifice.
297	ascendancy	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: ascendancy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. госпо́дство 2. власть 3. превосхо́дство	The party gained ascendancy after winning several regional elections.
298	atheist	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ist often names a person associated with a field, belief, or practice.	1. атеи́ст 2. атеи́стка 3. атеист	The essay compares the moral arguments of an atheist and a theologian.
299	attrition	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. истира́ние 2. стира́ние 3. тре́ние	Staff attrition left the agency unable to process applications quickly.
300	audacity	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	бесстра́шие	The plan's audacity attracted investors who valued innovation.
301	authoritarian	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: authoritarian is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. авторита́рный 2. авторитарный	The authoritarian government banned independent newspapers.
302	avuncular	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: avuncular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	дя́дин	His avuncular advice reassured the nervous interns.
303	balk	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: balk is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ба́лка	Taxpayers may balk at funding a project with no clear budget.
304	beget	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: beget is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. порожда́ть 2. породи́ть 3. производи́ть	Fear can beget secrecy, which in turn creates more fear.
305	benefactor	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: benefactor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. благоде́тель 2. благоде́тельница 3. благотвори́тель	An anonymous benefactor paid for the library's repairs.
306	benevolent	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: benevolent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. благожела́тельный 2. доброжела́тельный 3. благоскло́нный	The foundation's benevolent mission includes free legal aid.
307	bequeath	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: bequeath is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	завеща́ть	The collector chose to bequeath the paintings to a public museum.
308	bereft	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: bereft is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. утративший 2. лишённый 3. ограбленный	After the archive burned, historians were bereft of primary records.
309	blasphemy	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: blasphemy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. богоху́льство 2. кощу́нство 3. богохульство	The novel examines a society in which blasphemy is punished by law.
310	blatant	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: blatant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. вопию́щий 2. я́вный 3. очеви́дный	The advertisement made a blatant attempt to disguise sponsorship as news.
311	blight	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: blight is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. вреди́ть 2. разруша́ть 3. вреди́тель	Abandoned buildings became a blight on the neighborhood.
312	blithe	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: blithe is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. беспе́чный 2. беззабо́тный 3. легкомы́сленный	His blithe assurance ignored every warning from the engineers.
313	boorish	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: boorish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. гру́бый 2. ха́мский	The guest's boorish interruptions ended the friendly conversation.
314	bourgeois	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: bourgeois is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. буржуази́я 2. меща́нство 3. буржуа́зный	The playwright mocked what she saw as bourgeois respectability.
315	bucolic	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: bucolic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. пасторальный 2. се́льский	The poem presents a bucolic landscape untouched by industry.

Page 9 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 9.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. His elaborate accent was an _____ that disappeared among friends.

Answer: affectation

2. Environmental protection moved to the top of the council's _____.

Answer: agenda

3. The reform transformed an _____ economy into an industrial one.

Answer: agrarian

4. Bronze is an _____ of copper and tin.

Answer: alloy

5. Soft lighting gave the library a calm _____.

Answer: ambience

Page 10: words 316–350

Vocabulary page 10
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
316	meticulous	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. скрупулёзный 2. дото́шный 3. педанти́чный	The archivist kept meticulous records of every restored page.
317	juxtapose	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: juxtapose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	сопоставлять	The exhibit will juxtapose ancient tools with modern devices.
318	lucid	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: lucid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. я́сный 2. поня́тный	A lucid diagram made the complex process manageable.
319	mitigate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: mitigate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. смягча́ть 2. уменьша́ть 3. умеря́ть	Wetlands can mitigate flooding by absorbing excess water.
320	nuance	noun Study Field: Grade 6 academic reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: nuance is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. нюа́нс 2. отте́нок	The actor's quiet pause added nuance to the character's apology.
321	categorical	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: categorical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	категори́ческий	The minister issued a categorical denial of the allegation.
322	catharsis	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: catharsis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ката́рсис 2. ка́тарсис	Writing the memoir provided catharsis after years of silence.
323	causal	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: causal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. причи́нный 2. кауза́льный 3. причи́нно-сле́дственный	The study found a correlation but not a causal relationship.
324	celibate	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: celibate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. холостя́к 2. холосто́й 3. незаму́жняя	Members of the order take a celibate vow.
325	chagrin	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: chagrin is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. доса́да 2. огорче́ние	To his chagrin, the confident prediction proved false.
326	charlatan	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: charlatan is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. шарлата́н 2. шарлата́нка	The supposed healer was exposed as a charlatan.
327	chasm	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: chasm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. бе́здна 2. про́пасть 3. рассе́лина	A chasm separated the parties on the question of land ownership.
328	chicanery	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: chicanery is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	уло́вка	Voters rejected the accounting chicanery hidden in the proposal.
329	chronic	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: chronic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. хрони́ческий 2. хронический	Chronic water shortages forced the region to change its crops.
330	coercion	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: coercion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	принужде́ние	A confession obtained through coercion cannot be trusted.
331	cognizant	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: cognizant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. осозна́вший 2. осведомлённый	The designers were cognizant of the building's historical importance.
332	subjugate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: subjugate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. подчиня́ть 2. подчини́ть 3. покоря́ть	The empire attempted to subjugate neighboring communities.
333	compendium	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: compendium is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. компе́ндиум 2. конспе́кт	The handbook is a compendium of regional plant species.
334	complacency	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: complacency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. самодово́льство 2. самоуве́ренность	Years without an accident created dangerous complacency.
335	compliant	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: compliant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. послу́шный 2. согласованный	Only compliant equipment may enter the clean laboratory.
336	concise	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: concise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. кра́ткий 2. лакони́чный 3. сжа́тый	A concise conclusion restates the finding without repeating every detail.
337	conflagration	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. большо́й пожа́р 2. пожа́р 3. пожа́рище	A wind-driven conflagration destroyed several blocks.
338	conflate	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: conflate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	пу́тать	The article tends to conflate legal authority with moral approval.
339	congenial	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: congenial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. дружелю́бный 2. общи́тельный 3. прия́тный	The quiet archive was a congenial workplace for the historian.
340	sublime	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: sublime is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. потряса́ющий 2. впечатля́ющий	The symphony's final movement achieves a sublime calm.
341	consequential	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: consequential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ито́говый	The seemingly minor vote became a consequential turning point.
342	consternation	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. испу́г 2. оцепене́ние 3. у́жас	The power failure caused consternation in the operating room.
343	consummate	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: consummate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. законченный 2. виртуозный 3. высококвалифицированный	A consummate diplomat, she found agreement where others saw only conflict.
344	contemptuous	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. пренебрежи́тельный 2. надме́нный 3. презри́тельный	His contemptuous response discouraged further questions.
345	copious	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. оби́льный 2. бога́тый 3. обши́рный	The researcher took copious notes during each interview.
346	cosmopolitan	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: cosmopolitan is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	космополити́чный	The port developed a cosmopolitan population through centuries of trade.
347	covet	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: covet is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. жажда́ть 2. домога́ться 3. си́льно жела́ть	Rival states began to covet the island's strategic harbor.
348	credulous	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. дове́рчивый 2. легкове́рный	Credulous readers shared the fabricated story without checking it.
349	cronyism	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. крони́зм 2. блат 3. кумовство́	New hiring rules were intended to prevent cronyism.
350	debase	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: debase is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	унижать	The critic argued that propaganda would debase public debate.

A Careful Revision

Reading practice for pages 10–12. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

A meticulous editor decided to juxtapose two witnesses’ accounts rather than blend them into one summary. A short transition made the contrast lucid while preserving the nuance of each person’s experience. The editor also removed a sweeping claim that the evidence could not support. These revisions did not eliminate disagreement, but they did mitigate the risk that readers would mistake one perspective for the complete record.

Russian translation

Тщательный редактор решил сопоставить свидетельства двух очевидцев, а не объединять их в одно изложение. Короткий переход ясно показал различие, сохранив при этом оттенки опыта каждого человека. Редактор также удалил слишком широкое утверждение, которое доказательства не могли подтвердить. Эти правки не устранили разногласия, но снизили риск того, что читатели примут одну точку зрения за полную картину.

Reading comprehension

1. Why does the editor juxtapose the accounts?

The editor wants to preserve the difference between the witnesses’ perspectives.

2. What does the transition accomplish?

It makes the contrast lucid while preserving nuance.

3. What risk do the revisions mitigate?

They mitigate the risk that one perspective will be mistaken for the complete record.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The archivist kept _____ records of every restored page.

Answer: meticulous

2. The exhibit will _____ ancient tools with modern devices.

Answer: juxtapose

3. A _____ diagram made the complex process manageable.

Answer: lucid

4. Wetlands can _____ flooding by absorbing excess water.

Answer: mitigate

5. The actor's quiet pause added _____ to the character's apology.

Answer: nuance

Page 11: words 351–385

Vocabulary page 11
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
351	debilitate	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: debilitate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ослабля́ть	The illness can debilitate patients for several months.
352	decadent	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: decadent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. упа́дочный 2. упа́дочнический 3. декаде́нтский	The reformers condemned the court's decadent luxury.
353	decorum	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: decorum is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. этике́т 2. пра́вила поведе́ния	The chair asked everyone to maintain decorum during the hearing.
354	subversive	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	подрывно́й	Authorities banned the pamphlet as subversive.
355	deferential	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: deferential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	почтительный	The aide remained deferential without abandoning her own judgment.
356	definitive	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	оконча́тельный	The biography is not definitive because key records remain sealed.
357	deft	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: deft is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ло́вкий 2. искусный 3. мастерский	With a deft transition, the essay moves from history to analysis.
358	demagogue	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: demagogue is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. демаго́г 2. демагог	The novel warns how a demagogue can turn anxiety into hatred.
359	demarcate	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: demarcate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. разграни́чивать 2. разграни́чить	Stone posts demarcate the protected area.
360	demure	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: demure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. скро́мный 2. серьёзный 3. сде́ржанный	Her demure public image contrasted with her daring private letters.
361	depravity	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	греховность	The testimony revealed the depravity of the prison system.
362	deprecate	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: deprecate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. возража́ть 2. возрази́ть 3. протестова́ть	The guide does not deprecate tradition; it asks readers to examine it.
363	derelict	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: derelict is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. изго́й 2. отве́рженный 3. бесхо́зный	The city converted a derelict warehouse into affordable studios.
364	desiccate	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: desiccate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. высушивать 2. иссушать	Hot winds can desiccate exposed soil.
365	desultory	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: desultory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. беспорядочный 2. несвязанный	Their desultory search overlooked the most likely location.
366	dichotomy	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: dichotomy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. дихотоми́я 2. дихотомия	The essay rejects the false dichotomy between growth and conservation.
367	dictum	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: dictum is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. изрече́ние 2. сенте́нция	The judge questioned the old dictum that silence implies consent.
368	digress	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: digress is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. отвлекаться 2. отклоня́ться	The lecturer began to digress into a story unrelated to the evidence.
369	dilatory	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: dilatory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. медлительный 2. нерасторопный	The court rejected the company's dilatory request for another postponement.
370	dilettante	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: dilettante is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. дилета́нт 2. дилета́нтка	Experts dismissed him as a dilettante who ignored decades of research.
371	diminution	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	сокращение	The law caused a gradual diminution of the agency's power.
372	discomfit	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: discomfit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	смущать	The unexpected question seemed to discomfit the witness.
373	discordant	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: discordant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. негармони́чный 2. несогла́сный 3. несогласо́ванный	The two reports offer discordant accounts of the same meeting.
374	disingenuous	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	неи́скренний	It is disingenuous to call the fee optional when everyone must pay it.
375	divest	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: divest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. лиша́ть 2. лиши́ть 3. отнима́ть	The fund promised to divest from companies that ignored the standards.
376	doctrinaire	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: doctrinaire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	доктринёр	The council rejected a doctrinaire solution that ignored local needs.
377	dubious	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. сомневающийся 2. колеблющийся	The website supports its claim with dubious statistics.
378	ebullient	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: ebullient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. взволнованный 2. кипучий	The director was ebullient after the opening-night applause.
379	eccentric	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: eccentric is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	эксцентри́ческий	The inventor's eccentric habits often concealed careful reasoning.
380	ecclesiastical	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: ecclesiastical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. церко́вный 2. церковный	The archive preserves both royal and ecclesiastical records.
381	efface	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: efface is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. стирать 2. замазывать	Time could not efface the inscription carved into the stone.
382	effervescent	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: effervescent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	оживлённый	Her effervescent presentation energized the tired audience.
383	egalitarian	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: egalitarian is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. уравни́тельный 2. эгалита́рный	The movement advanced an egalitarian vision of public education.
384	egocentric	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: egocentric is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. эгоцентри́ческий 2. эгоцентри́чный	The narrator's egocentric account ignores other characters' motives.
385	succinct	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: succinct is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ёмкий 2. кра́ткий 3. лаконичный	A succinct caption explains the graph.

Page 11 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 11.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The illness can _____ patients for several months.

Answer: debilitate

2. The reformers condemned the court's _____ luxury.

Answer: decadent

3. The chair asked everyone to maintain _____ during the hearing.

Answer: decorum

4. Authorities banned the pamphlet as _____.

Answer: subversive

5. The aide remained _____ without abandoning her own judgment.

Answer: deferential

Page 12: words 386–420

Vocabulary page 12
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
386	embellish	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: embellish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. укра́сить 2. украша́ть	The witness admitted that he had begun to embellish the story.
387	eminent	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: eminent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ви́дный 2. имени́тый 3. выдаю́щийся	An eminent biologist chaired the independent review.
388	encroach	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: encroach is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. вторга́ться 2. вто́ргнуться 3. посяга́ть	New construction began to encroach on the protected wetland.
389	endemic	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: endemic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. эндеми́ческий 2. эндемический 3. местный	The disease is endemic to several tropical regions.
390	enfranchise	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: enfranchise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. дава́ть избирательный 2. избира́тельное пра́во	The amendment helped enfranchise millions of citizens.
391	entrenched	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: entrenched is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	укоренившийся	The reform challenged entrenched patterns of discrimination.
392	enumerate	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: enumerate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. пересчи́тывать 2. пересчита́ть	The report will enumerate the costs before recommending a plan.
393	euphemism	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. эвфеми́зм 2. эвфемизм	“Downsizing” can be a euphemism for eliminating jobs.
394	evanescent	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: evanescent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	неуловимый	The rainbow's evanescent colors vanished within minutes.
395	superficial	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: superficial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	пове́рхностный	A superficial comparison ignores important historical differences.
396	exigent	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: exigent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. неотло́жный 2. сро́чный	Exigent circumstances forced the hospital to open an emergency ward.
397	exonerate	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: exonerate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. опра́вдывать 2. оправда́ть	DNA evidence may exonerate the convicted man.
398	expedient	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: expedient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. просто́й 2. удо́бный	The shortcut was expedient, yet it undermined public trust.
399	expound	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: expound is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. разъясня́ть 2. разъясни́ть 3. растолко́вывать	The professor paused to expound the theory's central principle.
400	extemporaneous	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	импровизи́рованный	Her extemporaneous remarks were more persuasive than the prepared speech.
401	facetious	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	несерьёзный	His facetious answer frustrated residents seeking real information.
402	fatuous	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. бессмы́сленный 2. глу́пый 3. дура́цкий	The commentator's fatuous comparison ignored every relevant difference.
403	fervent	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: fervent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. жа́ркий 2. пла́менный 3. пы́лкий	A fervent appeal persuaded donors to support the shelter.
404	fiscal	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: fiscal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	фиска́льный	The proposal combines environmental goals with fiscal restraint.
405	flagrant	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: flagrant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. вопию́щий 2. чудо́вищный 3. де́рзкий	The referee penalized the flagrant violation immediately.
406	flout	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: flout is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	пренебрега́ть	Factories that flout pollution limits face substantial fines.
407	foment	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: foment is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	класть примо́чки и́ли припа́рки	False rumors helped foment unrest in the capital.
408	forestall	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: forestall is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	предотвраща́ть	Early repairs may forestall a complete structural failure.
409	formidable	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. гро́зный 2. устраша́ющий 3. внуши́тельный	The mountain presented a formidable challenge to the rescue team.
410	furtive	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	скры́тный	A furtive exchange in the hallway drew the guard's attention.
411	gainsay	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: gainsay is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. возража́ть 2. отрица́ть	No reliable witness could gainsay the engineer's account.
412	gauche	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: gauche is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. неуклю́жий 2. неуме́лый	His gauche joke offended guests at the memorial.
413	grandiloquent	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: grandiloquent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	напы́щенный	The proposal's grandiloquent promises concealed a modest plan.
414	grandiose	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: grandiose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	грандио́зный	The committee rejected a grandiose project that the town could not afford.
415	gratify	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	1. угожда́ть 2. угоди́ть 3. ублажа́ть	The strong response will gratify organizers who feared public indifference.
416	guile	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: guile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. обман 2. вероломство	The fraudster relied on guile rather than force.
417	hallowed	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: hallowed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	освященный	The ceremony took place in a hallowed hall of learning.
418	harbinger	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: harbinger is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. предве́стник 2. провозве́стник	The first migrating birds are a harbinger of spring.
419	hedonism	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. гедони́зм 2. гедонизм	The novel contrasts hedonism with a life of public service.
420	hegemony	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: hegemony is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. гегемо́ния 2. госпо́дство 3. игемо́ния	The empire maintained regional hegemony through trade and military power.

Page 12 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 12.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The witness admitted that he had begun to _____ the story.

Answer: embellish

2. An _____ biologist chaired the independent review.

Answer: eminent

3. New construction began to _____ on the protected wetland.

Answer: encroach

4. The disease is _____ to several tropical regions.

Answer: endemic

5. The amendment helped _____ millions of citizens.

Answer: enfranchise

Page 13: words 421–455

Vocabulary page 13
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
421	prudent	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: prudent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	проница́тельный	Maintaining an emergency reserve is a prudent policy.
422	refute	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: refute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. опроверга́ть 2. опрове́ргнуть	The later experiment did not refute the hypothesis; it exposed a design flaw.
423	rhetoric	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: rhetoric is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. пустосло́вие 2. фразёрство 3. словоблу́дие	The campaign's rhetoric emphasized unity while its policies divided voters.
424	salient	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: salient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ска́чущий	The summary identifies the report's three most salient findings.
425	sanction	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: sanction is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. са́нкция 2. наказа́ние 3. санкциони́ровать	The board must sanction any major change to the charter.
426	hubris	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: hubris is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	высокоме́рие	The tragedy portrays hubris as the ruler's fatal weakness.
427	hypothetical	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: hypothetical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. гипотети́ческий 2. гипотетический	The ethicist presented a hypothetical case to test the principle.
428	iconoclastic	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: iconoclastic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. де́рзкий 2. иконобо́рческий 3. мяте́жный	Her iconoclastic history questioned the reputation of a national hero.
429	idealize	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	идеализи́ровать	The memoir does not idealize village life.
430	ideology	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: ideology is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. идеоло́гия 2. мировоззре́ние 3. идеология	The movement's ideology emphasized equality and public ownership.
431	idyllic	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: idyllic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	идиллический	The painting presents an idyllic vision of rural childhood.
432	ignominious	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. позо́рный 2. бессла́вный	The army's retreat was an ignominious end to the campaign.
433	immutable	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. неизме́нный 2. непрело́жный 3. постоя́нный	The constitution is important but not immutable.
434	impassive	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	безучастный	The defendant remained impassive as the verdict was read.
435	impeccable	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. безупре́чный 2. безукори́зненный	The article's research was impeccable, though its conclusion remained debatable.
436	imperial	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: imperial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. импе́рский 2. импера́торский 3. ца́рский	The museum reconsidered how it displayed objects acquired during imperial expansion.
437	imperious	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. повели́тельный 2. вла́стный 3. нача́льственный	The director's imperious tone silenced useful criticism.
438	imperturbable	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. невозмутимый 2. непоколеби́мый 3. непроница́емый	The imperturbable negotiator continued despite the insults.
439	impervious	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. невосприи́мчивый 2. неуязви́мый	The coating is impervious to water.
440	impetuous	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. поры́вистый 2. стреми́тельный	An impetuous decision left the expedition without enough food.
441	impinge	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: impinge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	посяга́ть	The new rule may impinge on freedom of expression.
442	implacable	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	неумолимый	The prosecutor remained an implacable opponent of corruption.
443	implement	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: implement is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. выполня́ть 2. осуществля́ть 3. претворя́ть в жизнь	The city will implement the recycling program next month.
444	implicate	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: implicate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. вовлекать 2. впутывать	The emails implicate several senior officials in the scheme.
445	impoverish	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: impoverish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. обеднять 2. беднеть	Unsustainable farming can impoverish both families and soil.
446	impropriety	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: impropriety is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	моветон	The investigation found no evidence of financial impropriety.
447	impugn	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: impugn is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	оспаривать	The lawyer tried to impugn the witness's motives.
448	inane	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: inane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. глу́пый 2. пусто́й 3. бессмы́сленный	The interview was reduced to inane questions about clothing.
449	inaugurate	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: inaugurate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	торже́ственно вводи́ть в до́лжность	The exhibition will inaugurate the museum's new wing.
450	incandescent	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: incandescent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	накалённый добела	Her incandescent anger transformed the final speech.
451	incendiary	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: incendiary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	зажига́тельный	The leader's incendiary rhetoric increased tensions.
452	incipient	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: incipient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. начина́ющийся 2. появля́ющийся 3. зарожда́ющийся	Early treatment stopped the incipient infection.
453	incisive	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	решительный	Her incisive questions exposed the proposal's weakest assumption.
454	inconsequential	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: inconsequential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. незначи́тельный 2. несуще́ственный	A minor spelling error was inconsequential to the argument.
455	incorrigible	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	неисправи́мый	The novel's incorrigible trickster ignores every warning.

A Hearing Built on Evidence

Reading practice for pages 13–15. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

At the public hearing, the chair established prudent rules that helped keep a contentious debate orderly. She asked each speaker to separate emotional rhetoric from verifiable claims and to address the most salient evidence first. One engineer used inspection records to refute the claim that the bridge was beyond repair. After reviewing the costs and safety plan, the council voted to sanction a limited restoration rather than authorize immediate demolition.

Russian translation

На публичных слушаниях председатель установила разумные правила, которые помогли сохранить порядок во время напряжённых дебатов. Она попросила каждого выступающего отделять эмоциональную риторику от проверяемых утверждений и сначала рассматривать наиболее важные доказательства. Один инженер использовал отчёты об инспекциях, чтобы опровергнуть утверждение о том, что мост невозможно отремонтировать. После рассмотрения расходов и плана безопасности совет проголосовал за одобрение ограниченной реставрации вместо разрешения на немедленный снос.

Reading comprehension

1. How does the chair keep the hearing orderly?

She asks speakers to separate rhetoric from verifiable claims and address salient evidence.

2. What evidence helps refute the demolition claim?

The engineer uses inspection records.

3. What does the council sanction?

The council sanctions a limited restoration.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Maintaining an emergency reserve is a _____ policy.

Answer: prudent

2. The later experiment did not _____ the hypothesis; it exposed a design flaw.

Answer: refute

3. The campaign's _____ emphasized unity while its policies divided voters.

Answer: rhetoric

4. The summary identifies the report's three most _____ findings.

Answer: salient

5. The board must _____ any major change to the charter.

Answer: sanction

Page 14: words 456–490

Vocabulary page 14
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
456	incremental	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: incremental is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. инкреме́нтный 2. инкремента́льный 3. поша́говый	The reform produced incremental improvements rather than dramatic results.
457	incumbent	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: incumbent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	де́йствующий	It is incumbent on researchers to protect participants' privacy.
458	indefatigable	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. неуста́нный 2. неутоми́мый 3. упо́рный	The indefatigable organizer visited every neighborhood.
459	indelible	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	1. несмыва́емый 2. нестира́емый	The disaster left an indelible mark on the community.
460	indigent	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: indigent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. бе́дный 2. бедствующий 3. нуждающийся	The clinic provides free care to indigent patients.
461	indolent	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: indolent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. лени́вый 2. пра́здный 3. безде́ятельный	The narrator condemns the indolent aristocrat who neglects his estate.
462	indomitable	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	неукротимый	Her indomitable spirit sustained the campaign through years of setbacks.
463	inequity	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	неравенство	The policy seeks to reduce inequity in school funding.
464	inert	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: inert is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	инертный	The chemical remains inert until it is heated.
465	inexorable	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	неотвратимый	The inexorable advance of the fire forced another evacuation.
466	infamy	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: infamy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. бессла́вие 2. бесче́стие 3. дурна́я сла́ва	The massacre remains a symbol of political infamy.
467	infinitesimal	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: infinitesimal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	бесконе́чно ма́лый	The sensor can detect an infinitesimal change in pressure.
468	inflammatory	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: inflammatory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. подстрека́тельский 2. разжига́ющий	The moderator rejected inflammatory language from both sides.
469	inimical	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: inimical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	вре́дный	Secrecy is inimical to meaningful public oversight.
470	iniquity	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. гну́сность 2. просту́пок 3. прегреше́ние	The novel exposes the iniquity of the forced-labor system.
471	innate	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: innate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. порожда́ть 2. прирождённый 3. врождённый	The study asks whether musical ability is innate or learned.
472	insatiable	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	ненасы́тный	Her insatiable curiosity led her into several fields of study.
473	insidious	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. кова́рный 2. скры́тый 3. хи́трый	The report describes the insidious effects of chronic lead exposure.
474	insipid	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: insipid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ску́чный 2. неинтере́сный 3. пло́ский	Critics found the adaptation visually attractive but insipid.
475	insolent	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: insolent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. наха́льный 2. на́глый 3. де́рзкий	The witness's insolent reply drew a warning from the judge.
476	instigate	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: instigate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. подбива́ть 2. подгова́ривать 3. подстрека́ть	Agents attempted to instigate violence during the peaceful march.
477	intangible	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	1. неосяза́емый 2. неулови́мый	Trust is an intangible asset that can vanish quickly.
478	interlocutor	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Prefix focus: inter- means between or among.	1. собесе́дник 2. собесе́дница	Each interlocutor challenges the other's assumptions.
479	interminable	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. бесконе́чный 2. беспредельный	The negotiations became an interminable series of delays.
480	intractable	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	трудноразрешимый	Water scarcity remains an intractable problem in the region.
481	intransigent	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: intransigent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. непрекло́нный 2. непримири́мый	The intransigent factions rejected every proposed settlement.
482	intrepid	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: intrepid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. бесстра́шный 2. отва́жный 3. неустраши́мый	An intrepid journalist crossed the border to document the crisis.
483	intricate	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: intricate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. сло́жный 2. запу́танный 3. замыслова́тый	The clock's intricate mechanism required careful restoration.
484	inveterate	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: inveterate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	закорене́лый	An inveterate skeptic, she demanded evidence for every claim.
485	irascible	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	вспыльчивый	The irascible director was known for shouting at minor mistakes.
486	ironic	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: ironic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ирони́ческий 2. ирони́чный	It was ironic that the privacy conference exposed attendees' email addresses.
487	irreverent	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: irreverent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. непочти́тельный 2. неуважи́тельный	The comedian's irreverent history challenged national myths.
488	irrevocable	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. необратимый 2. неизме́нный	The court warned that the environmental damage could be irrevocable.
489	jargon	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: jargon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. жарго́н 2. жаргон	Medical jargon made the consent form hard to understand.
490	jettison	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: jettison is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. выбра́сывать 2. вы́бросить 3. сбра́сывать	The team decided to jettison the least practical part of the plan.

Page 14 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 14.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The reform produced _____ improvements rather than dramatic results.

Answer: incremental

2. It is _____ on researchers to protect participants' privacy.

Answer: incumbent

3. The _____ organizer visited every neighborhood.

Answer: indefatigable

4. The disaster left an _____ mark on the community.

Answer: indelible

5. The clinic provides free care to _____ patients.

Answer: indigent

Page 15: words 491–525

Vocabulary page 15
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
491	jocular	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: jocular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. шутли́вый 2. шу́точный	His jocular tone eased tension before the serious discussion.
492	judicious	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	рассудительный	A judicious use of quotations strengthened the essay.
493	lament	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: lament is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. стена́ть 2. пла́кать 3. сокруша́ться	Residents lament the loss of the historic theater.
494	laud	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: laud is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	восхваля́ть	Reviewers laud the film's patient attention to ordinary lives.
495	lavish	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: lavish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ще́дрый 2. неумеренный 3. чрезмерный	The palace's lavish decoration contrasted with the poverty outside.
496	lethargic	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: lethargic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. апати́чный 2. вя́лый	The heat made the normally active animals lethargic.
497	levity	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: levity is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	лёгкость	A moment of levity helped the exhausted team continue.
498	liberal	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: liberal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. оби́льный 2. ще́дрый	The editor took a liberal approach to unconventional spelling.
499	libertarian	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: libertarian is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	либертариа́нский	The essay compares libertarian and communitarian views of privacy.
500	licentious	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	во́льный	Critics accused the court of licentious excess.
501	lionize	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	прославлять	The media began to lionize the athlete after one dramatic victory.
502	litigate	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: litigate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	суди́ться	The groups agreed to negotiate rather than litigate.
503	livid	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: livid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. я́ростный 2. злой	The residents were livid when officials concealed the test results.
504	loquacious	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. болтли́вый 2. говорли́вый 3. разгово́рчивый	The loquacious witness offered many details but few relevant facts.
505	lucrative	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. при́быльный 2. окупа́емый 3. принося́щий	The patent became a lucrative source of revenue.
506	lurid	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: lurid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. стра́шный 2. ужа́сный	The newspaper used lurid details to attract attention.
507	magnanimous	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. великоду́шный 2. великодушный	The winner was magnanimous and praised her opponent's campaign.
508	maladroit	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: maladroit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	валанда	His maladroit attempt at reconciliation caused a new dispute.
509	malaise	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: malaise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	недомога́ние	Economic uncertainty created a national malaise.
510	malevolent	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: malevolent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. недоброжела́тельный 2. зло́бный 3. злонаме́ренный	The story's malevolent spirit feeds on the villagers' fear.
511	malign	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: malign is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	злословить	Anonymous accounts tried to malign the scientist.
512	mandate	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: mandate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	манда́т	The election gave the coalition a mandate for reform.
513	manifest	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: manifest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	поня́тный	The plan's manifest flaws should have prevented approval.
514	martial	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: martial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. вое́нный 2. во́инский	The parade's martial music echoed through the square.
515	martyr	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: martyr is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. му́ченик 2. му́ченица 3. страда́лец	The movement honored the imprisoned writer as a martyr.
516	maverick	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: maverick is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. индивидуали́ст 2. индивидуали́стка 3. нонконформи́ст	The maverick senator opposed both parties on the issue.
517	maxim	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: maxim is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. изрече́ние 2. ма́ксима 3. сенте́нция	The physician followed the maxim “first, do no harm.”
518	meander	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: meander is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	меа́ндр	The essay begins to meander after its strong opening.
519	mercenary	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: mercenary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. коры́стный 2. корыстолюби́вый	The critic called the endorsement a mercenary decision.
520	metaphysical	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: metaphysical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. метафизи́ческий 2. метафизический	The dialogue raises metaphysical questions about identity.
521	misanthropic	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: misanthropic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. мизантропи́ческий 2. человеконенави́стнический	The novel's misanthropic narrator expects selfish motives from everyone.
522	mollify	verb Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	1. успока́ивать 2. смягча́ть	A sincere apology helped mollify the offended guests.
523	morose	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: morose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. угрю́мый 2. мра́чный	The character grows morose after losing his position.
524	polarize	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	делить	Sensational coverage may polarize public opinion.
525	myopic	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: myopic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	близору́кий	The panel rejected the myopic plan to cut all preventive maintenance.

Page 15 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 15.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. His _____ tone eased tension before the serious discussion.

Answer: jocular

2. A _____ use of quotations strengthened the essay.

Answer: judicious

3. Residents _____ the loss of the historic theater.

Answer: lament

4. Reviewers _____ the film's patient attention to ordinary lives.

Answer: laud

5. The palace's _____ decoration contrasted with the poverty outside.

Answer: lavish

Page 16: words 526–560

Vocabulary page 16
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
526	amenable	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. послу́шный 2. податливый 3. покладистый	The board was amenable to a compromise supported by both groups.
527	antipathy	noun Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Prefix focus: anti- means against or opposed to.	1. антипа́тия 2. антипатия	Her antipathy toward dishonesty shaped every hiring decision.
528	astute	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: astute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. проница́тельный 2. хи́трый 3. сообрази́тельный	An astute editor recognized the argument's hidden assumption.
529	circumvent	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: circumvent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. обходи́ть 2. обойти́	The company tried to circumvent the ban by changing the product's name.
530	intermittent	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: intermittent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. преры́вистый 2. нестабильный	Intermittent rain delayed the excavation throughout the week.
531	nominal	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: nominal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	именно́й	She remained the nominal leader while advisers made every decision.
532	nostalgia	noun Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: nostalgia is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ностальги́я 2. тоска́	The advertisement uses nostalgia to sell a modern product.
533	novel	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: novel is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. но́вый 2. оригина́льный	The researchers proposed a novel method of filtering seawater.
534	noxious	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. ядови́тый 2. вре́дный	The factory released noxious fumes into the valley.
535	obdurate	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Base-form focus: obdurate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. упря́мый 2. закосне́лый	The obdurate ruler rejected every appeal for mercy.
536	redistribute	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: redistribute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. перераспределя́ть 2. перераспредели́ть	The tax is designed to redistribute some wealth toward public services.
537	oblique	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: oblique is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. око́льный 2. ко́свенный 3. непрямо́й	Her oblique reference to the scandal puzzled new readers.
538	obsequious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. подобостра́стный 2. раболе́пный	The manager's obsequious praise made the visiting official uncomfortable.
539	obstinate	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: obstinate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. упря́мый 2. упёртый 3. твердоло́бый	The obstinate negotiator ignored every compromise.
540	obviate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: obviate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. избега́ть 2. уклоня́ться	Remote sensors may obviate the need for daily site visits.
541	occlude	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: occlude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	закрывать	A blood clot can occlude a narrow artery.
542	odious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: odious is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ненави́стный 2. ни́зкий 3. отврати́тельный	The law's odious discrimination provoked widespread resistance.
543	officious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. навя́зчивый 2. назо́йливый 3. уго́дливый	An officious clerk demanded forms that the policy did not require.
544	onerous	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. обременительный 2. тягостный	Small charities struggled with the onerous reporting rules.
545	opulent	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: opulent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. роско́шный 2. шика́рный	The ruler's opulent palace contrasted with nearby hunger.
546	orthodox	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: orthodox is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ортодокса́льный 2. правове́рный	The discovery challenged the orthodox explanation of migration.
547	oscillate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: oscillate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. колеба́ться 2. кача́ться 3. осцилли́ровать	Public opinion may oscillate as new evidence appears.
548	ostentatious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. крича́щий 2. кичёвый	The donor avoided an ostentatious ceremony.
549	ostracize	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	1. отлуча́ть 2. отлучи́ть	Classmates began to ostracize anyone who questioned the rumor.
550	pacify	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: pacify is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	успокаивать	The agreement failed to pacify communities that lacked representation.
551	palliative	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: palliative is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	паллиати́вный	The subsidy was a temporary palliative, not an economic solution.
552	panacea	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: panacea is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. панаце́я 2. панацея	Technology is not a panacea for unequal access to education.
553	paradigmatic	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: paradigmatic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	парадигмати́ческий	The case became paradigmatic of failures in corporate oversight.
554	parody	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: parody is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. паро́дия 2. пародия	The sketch is a parody of solemn campaign advertisements.
555	patent	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: patent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. очеви́дный 2. я́вный	The claim's patent absurdity drew immediate criticism.
556	pedantic	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: pedantic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. педанти́чный 2. педантичный	The pedantic review corrected commas but ignored the argument.
557	penchant	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: penchant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. скло́нность 2. предпочте́ние	The director has a penchant for adapting obscure novels.
558	penitent	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: penitent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. кающийся 2. раскаивающийся	The penitent official returned the money and resigned.
559	perennial	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: perennial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	круглогоди́чный	Water access remains a perennial concern in the region.
560	perfidious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. вероло́мный 2. кова́рный 3. преда́тельский	The allies condemned the secret agreement as perfidious.

A Difficult Negotiation

Reading practice for pages 16–18. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

Months of intermittent talks had produced more antipathy than progress. An astute mediator noticed that both sides feared the same supply shortage, although neither had said so directly. She refused to circumvent the disputed issue; instead, she divided it into smaller decisions with clear deadlines. Neither delegation welcomed every condition, but both became more amenable to compromise because the agreement protected their most important interests.

Russian translation

Месяцы прерывистых переговоров принесли больше неприязни, чем прогресса. Проницательная посредница заметила, что обе стороны боялись одной и той же нехватки поставок, хотя ни одна из них не сказала об этом прямо. Она отказалась обходить спорный вопрос; вместо этого она разделила его на более мелкие решения с чёткими сроками. Ни одна из делегаций не приветствовала все условия, но обе стали более склонны к компромиссу, потому что соглашение защищало их самые важные интересы.

Reading comprehension

1. What common concern does the mediator identify?

She identifies a shared fear of a supply shortage.

2. How does she handle the disputed issue?

She divides it into smaller decisions instead of trying to circumvent it.

3. Why do both delegations become more amenable to compromise?

The agreement protects their most important interests.

Page 17: words 561–595

Vocabulary page 17
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
561	peripatetic	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: peripatetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	стра́нствующий	The peripatetic lecturer spoke at universities on three continents.
562	pernicious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. тлетво́рный 2. па́губный 3. зловредный	The report documents the pernicious effects of housing discrimination.
563	perpetuate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: perpetuate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. закреплять 2. продлевать существование	Biased data can perpetuate unfair decisions.
564	pertinent	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: pertinent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. подходя́щий 2. уме́стный	The judge allowed only pertinent testimony.
565	pervasive	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. распространяющийся 2. проникающий 3. пропитывающий	A pervasive odor indicated contamination throughout the building.
566	petulant	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: petulant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. вздорный 2. раздражи́тельный	The minister's petulant response intensified the criticism.
567	philanthropy	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: philanthropy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	филантро́пия	Her philanthropy supported clinics and public libraries.
568	philistine	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: philistine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. филистёрский 2. меща́нский 3. обыва́тельский	The critic unfairly called every popular reader a philistine.
569	piety	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: piety is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. на́божность 2. благоче́стие	The portrait presents the queen as a model of piety.
570	placate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: placate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. утихомиривать 2. умиротворя́ть 3. унимать	Officials offered refunds to placate frustrated travelers.
571	plasticity	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. ги́бкость 2. пласти́чность 3. эласти́чность	Brain plasticity allows learning to alter neural pathways.
572	platitude	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: platitude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. бана́льность 2. трюи́зм	The speech offered a platitude instead of a concrete policy.
573	plethora	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: plethora is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. изоби́лие 2. избы́ток 3. оби́лие	The archive contains a plethora of letters but few financial records.
574	poignant	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: poignant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. проникновенный 2. прони́зывающий 3. ре́зкий (о запахе)	The empty shoes form a poignant memorial.
575	polemical	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: polemical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	полемический	The author's polemical tone leaves little room for uncertainty.
576	pragmatism	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. прагмати́зм 2. прагматизм	Fiscal pressure encouraged pragmatism over ideological purity.
577	precipitous	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. отвесный 2. крутой	The company experienced a precipitous decline in sales.
578	predilection	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. предрасполо́женность 2. скло́нность	The editor's predilection for short essays shaped the journal.
579	presumptuous	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. де́рзкий 2. на́глый 3. наха́льный	It was presumptuous to announce the decision before the board voted.
580	prodigious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. чрезме́рный 2. грома́дный 3. непоме́рный	The scholar possessed a prodigious memory for dates.
581	proliferate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: proliferate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. размножа́ться 2. размно́житься 3. распространя́ться	Unverified reports began to proliferate online.
582	propensity	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	скло́нность	The material has a propensity to crack in extreme cold.
583	propitious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	благоприя́тный	Calm weather made the morning propitious for launch.
584	proponent	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: proponent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. пропонент 2. защи́тник	A leading proponent of the reform addressed the committee.
585	propriety	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: propriety is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. уме́стность 2. пра́вильность 3. обосно́ванность	The inquiry questioned the propriety of accepting expensive gifts.
586	proscribe	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: proscribe is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. запреща́ть 2. запрети́ть	The treaty will proscribe the use of certain weapons.
587	proselytize	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	1. завлека́ть 2. обраща́ть	The organization may inform visitors but cannot proselytize in the school.
588	provincial	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: provincial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	провинциа́льный	The narrator initially holds a provincial view of the wider world.
589	proportional	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: proportional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	пропорциона́льный	Fuel use is roughly proportional to distance traveled.
590	heresy	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: heresy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. е́ресь 2. ересь	At the time, questioning the model was treated as scientific heresy.
591	punctilious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. щепети́льный 2. церемо́нный	The punctilious diplomat observed every protocol.
592	quandary	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: quandary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. затруднительное положе́ние 2. затрудне́ние 3. недоуме́ние	Conflicting duties left the physician in a moral quandary.
593	querulous	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ворчливый	The querulous narrator finds fault with every neighbor.
594	rancor	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: rancor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. затаённая не́нависть 2. злопа́мятство	The agreement ended the lawsuit but not the rancor.
595	rarefied	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: rarefied is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	утончённый	The article brings rarefied theory into public discussion.

Page 18: words 596–630

Vocabulary page 18
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
596	recalcitrant	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: recalcitrant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. непоко́рный 2. упо́рный	The recalcitrant company ignored repeated safety orders.
597	recant	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: recant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	отрека́ться	Under pressure, the witness agreed to recant the accusation.
598	recluse	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: recluse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. отше́льник 2. затво́рник 3. сыч	The artist became a recluse late in life.
599	recondite	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: recondite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. замыслова́тый 2. мудрёный	The lecture explored a recondite dispute in medieval law.
600	redress	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: redress is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. исправля́ть 2. восстана́вливать 3. восстановле́ние	The victims sought legal redress for the unlawful seizure.
601	redundant	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: redundant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	изли́шний	The editor removed a redundant paragraph.
602	relegate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: relegate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ссылать 2. изгонять 3. отдалять	The new history does not relegate women to a footnote.
603	salinity	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	солёность	Drought increased the estuary's salinity.
604	renounce	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: renounce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. сдава́ть 2. сда́ть 3. отка́зываться от	The candidate refused to renounce her earlier position.
605	replete	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: replete is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	перепо́лненный	The diary is replete with detailed observations.
606	reprehensible	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	1. досто́йный порицание 2. досто́йный осуждение 3. осужде́ния	The court described the deliberate deception as reprehensible.
607	reproach	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: reproach is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. упрёк 2. уко́р 3. укори́зна	Her quiet reproach affected him more than anger would have.
608	repudiate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: repudiate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	отверга́ть	The party moved to repudiate the discriminatory policy.
609	rescind	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: rescind is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. расторга́ть 2. расто́ргнуть 3. аннули́ровать	The agency may rescind the permit after the violation.
610	reticent	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: reticent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. сде́ржанный 2. скры́тный	The normally reticent scientist agreed to an interview.
611	revere	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: revere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	боготворить	Many residents revere the physician who founded the clinic.
612	heterogeneous	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. гетероге́нный 2. неодноро́дный	The city has a heterogeneous population with many languages and traditions.
613	rudimentary	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: rudimentary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. зача́точный 2. рудимента́рный 3. элемента́рный	The settlement had only rudimentary sanitation.
614	sagacious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	проница́тельный	The sagacious adviser anticipated the treaty's unintended effects.
615	homogeneous	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. одноро́дный 2. гомоге́нный 3. единообра́зный	The supposedly homogeneous sample actually contained several distinct groups.
616	scathing	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: scathing is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. е́дкий 2. хлёсткий	The inspector issued a scathing report on prison conditions.
617	schism	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: schism is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. схи́зма 2. схизма	The dispute caused a lasting schism in the movement.
618	secular	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: secular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. све́тский 2. мирско́й 3. секуля́рный	The constitution establishes a secular government.
619	sequester	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: sequester is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. секвестировать 2. уре́зать	The judge may sequester the jury during the trial.
620	servile	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: servile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. подобостра́стный 2. раболе́пный 3. холо́пский	The essay criticizes the court's servile dependence on the monarch.
621	singular	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: singular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	еди́нственный	The archive offers a singular record of daily life during the occupation.
622	skepticism	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. ске́псис 2. скептици́зм	Healthy skepticism led researchers to repeat the surprising experiment.
623	solicitous	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	заботливый	The solicitous nurse explained each procedure calmly.
624	soporific	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: soporific is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. снотво́рное 2. вводящий в сон 3. навевающий сон	The speaker's soporific delivery emptied the hall.
625	specious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	благовидный	The advertisement relies on a specious comparison.
626	spurious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. ло́жный 2. подде́льный 3. фальши́вый	The journal withdrew the article after finding spurious data.
627	staid	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: staid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	степенный	The staid institution surprised everyone with an experimental exhibition.
628	stigma	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: stigma is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. клеймо́ 2. позо́рное пятно́	Public education can reduce the stigma surrounding mental illness.
629	stoic	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: stoic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	стои́ческий	Her stoic response concealed deep grief.
630	strident	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: strident is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. пронзительный 2. ре́зкий	The debate's strident tone discouraged thoughtful exchange.

Page 19: words 631–665

Vocabulary page 19
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
631	compelling	adjective Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: compelling is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. безотлага́тельный 2. неотло́жный	The documentary offers compelling evidence from newly opened archives.
632	conjecture	noun Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: conjecture is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. гипо́теза 2. предположе́ние 3. дога́дка	The claim remains conjecture until the documents are authenticated.
633	decry	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: decry is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. осужда́ть 2. порица́ть 3. хули́ть	Health advocates decry advertising that targets young children.
634	elucidate	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: elucidate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	разъясня́ть	A timeline helps elucidate the sequence of discoveries.
635	evince	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: evince is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. демонстри́ровать 2. являть	The letters evince deep concern for displaced families.
636	superfluous	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. ли́шний 2. изли́шний	The editor removed every superfluous adjective.
637	surfeit	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: surfeit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. изли́шек 2. избы́ток	A surfeit of examples made the argument harder to follow.
638	surreptitious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. скры́тый 2. та́йный	The camera recorded a surreptitious exchange of documents.
639	sycophant	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: sycophant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. льстец 2. подхали́м 3. лизоблю́д	The ruler surrounded himself with each sycophant who praised every decision.
640	synthesis	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: synthesis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	си́нтез	The essay offers a synthesis of archaeological and linguistic evidence.
641	tacit	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: tacit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. молчали́вый 2. не выразить 3. вы́раженный слово	Their silence gave tacit approval to the change.
642	taciturn	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: taciturn is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. молчали́вый 2. необщи́тельный 3. неразгово́рчивый	The taciturn witness answered in brief phrases.
643	tangential	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: tangential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. отклоня́ющийся 2. имеющий слабое отноше́ние	The editor removed a tangential discussion of the author's childhood.
644	tantamount	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: tantamount is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	равноси́льный	Ignoring the warning was tantamount to accepting the risk.
645	tautological	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: tautological is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. тавтологи́ческий 2. тавтологи́чный	The phrase “future plans” can be tautological in some contexts.
646	temerity	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. де́рзость 2. безрассу́дство 3. опроме́тчивость	She had the temerity to challenge the ruler in public.
647	tenacious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. упря́мый 2. упо́рный 3. насто́йчивый	A tenacious investigator followed the evidence for years.
648	tenet	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: tenet is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. до́гмат 2. доктри́на 3. при́нцип	Equal treatment is a basic tenet of the organization.
649	tenuous	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. то́нкий 2. жи́дкий	The article draws a tenuous link between the two events.
650	terse	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: terse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ко́ваный 2. кра́ткий 3. немногосло́вный	The official issued a terse denial.
651	torpor	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: torpor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	оцепене́ние	Winter cold sends the animal into torpor.
652	transcend	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: transcend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. переступа́ть предел 2. преде́лы	The novel's themes transcend its historical setting.
653	transgress	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Prefix focus: trans- means across, through, or beyond.	преступа́ть	The character must decide whether justice permits her to transgress the law.
654	transient	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: transient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	вре́менный	The economic benefit proved transient.
655	trepidation	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. беспоко́йство 2. трево́га	With some trepidation, the team opened the sealed chamber.
656	ubiquitous	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	вездесу́щий	Smartphones have become ubiquitous in many communities.
657	unctuous	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. жи́рный 2. масляни́стый	The salesman's unctuous compliments made buyers suspicious.
658	unremitting	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: unremitting is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. беспреста́нный 2. неосла́бный	Unremitting rain caused the river to overflow.
659	urbane	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: urbane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. обходи́тельный 2. учти́вый 3. ве́жливый	The urbane host moved easily among diplomats and artists.
660	usurp	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: usurp is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. узурпи́ровать 2. присва́ивать себе́ 3. присво́ить себе́	The general attempted to usurp the elected government's authority.
661	utilitarian	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: utilitarian is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	утилита́рный	The building's utilitarian design prioritized durability.
662	utopia	noun Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: utopia is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. уто́пия 2. утопия	The novel's apparent utopia depends on hidden coercion.
663	vacillate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: vacillate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. кача́ться 2. колеба́ться	The council continued to vacillate between renovation and demolition.
664	vapid	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: vapid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. безвку́сный 2. ску́чный	The adaptation reduced a complex novel to vapid romance.
665	vehement	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: vehement is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. рья́ный 2. неи́стовый	Residents voiced vehement opposition to the highway.

Reading the Evidence in the Ground

Reading practice for pages 19–21. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

When archaeologists uncovered a burned doorway, newspapers quickly began to decry the site as evidence of a violent invasion. The excavation director warned that this conclusion was still a conjecture. Charred grain and collapsed roof beams did evince a sudden fire, but they could not identify its cause. A later soil analysis helped elucidate the sequence of events and offered a more compelling explanation: an accidental kitchen fire had spread during a drought.

Russian translation

Когда археологи обнаружили обгоревший дверной проём, газеты быстро начали представлять это место как доказательство жестокого вторжения. Руководитель раскопок предупредил, что такой вывод всё ещё остаётся предположением. Обугленное зерно и рухнувшие балки крыши действительно свидетельствовали о внезапном пожаре, но не могли указать его причину. Позднейший анализ почвы помог прояснить последовательность событий и предложил более убедительное объяснение: случайный пожар на кухне распространился во время засухи.

Reading comprehension

1. Why does the director call the invasion claim a conjecture?

The evidence shows a fire but does not identify its cause.

2. What do the charred materials evince?

They evince that a sudden fire occurred.

3. What explanation does the soil analysis support?

It supports the explanation that an accidental kitchen fire spread during a drought.

Page 20: words 666–700

Vocabulary page 20
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
666	venal	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: venal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	прода́жный	The investigation exposed venal officials who sold permits.
667	venerate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: venerate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	почита́ть	Many scientists venerate the pioneer without accepting every theory he proposed.
668	verbose	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: verbose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	многосло́вный	The verbose report hid its conclusion in fifty pages.
669	verisimilitude	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: verisimilitude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	правдоподо́бие	Accurate period details give the film verisimilitude.
670	vernacular	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: vernacular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. наро́дный 2. ме́стный 3. просторе́чный	The poet wrote in the local vernacular rather than formal Latin.
671	vestige	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: vestige is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	след	The ruined gate is the last vestige of the old wall.
672	vex	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: vex is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. раздража́ть 2. досажда́ть	The contradictory clues continued to vex investigators.
673	vicarious	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	замещающий	Readers share the explorer's vicarious thrill through the vivid diary.
674	vicissitude	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: vicissitude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. превра́тность 2. непостоя́нство	The business survived every economic vicissitude.
675	vilify	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: vilify is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. очерня́ть 2. поноси́ть	The campaign tried to vilify critics instead of answering them.
676	vindicate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: vindicate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. опра́вдывать 2. оправда́ть	Later evidence may vindicate the scientist's disputed prediction.
677	vindictive	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	мсти́тельный	The leader used vindictive prosecutions against former rivals.
678	virulent	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: virulent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	заразный	A virulent strain spread rapidly through the crop.
679	vitiate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: vitiate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. по́ртить 2. испо́ртить	Coercion can vitiate an agreement.
680	vitriolic	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: vitriolic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	язвительный	The platform removed several vitriolic threats.
681	vocation	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	призва́ние	She regarded teaching as a vocation rather than merely a job.
682	vociferous	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. громогласный 2. кричащий	A vociferous minority dominated the meeting.
683	volatile	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: volatile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	вспыльчивый	The ceasefire remains volatile.
684	volition	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	воля	The witness signed the statement of her own volition.
685	wanton	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: wanton is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. капри́зный 2. своевольный	The law punished wanton destruction of protected habitat.
686	willful	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: willful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	самонравный	The court found a willful violation of the disclosure rule.
687	wistful	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: wistful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. тоску́ющий 2. томя́щийся 3. тоскли́вый	His wistful memoir recalls a neighborhood that no longer exists.
688	zealous	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. ре́вностный 2. рья́ный 3. усе́рдный	A zealous reformer may still need to consider unintended effects.
689	accretion	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. прираще́ние 2. приро́ст 3. увеличе́ние	The island formed by the accretion of sand and sediment.
690	adjudicate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: adjudicate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. суди́ть 2. выноси́ть реше́ние	An independent panel will adjudicate the competing claims.
691	adsorb	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: adsorb is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. адсорби́ровать 2. адсорбировать	Activated carbon can adsorb pollutants from water.
692	alluvial	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: alluvial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. наносно́й 2. аллювиа́льный	Farmers value the fertile alluvial soil near the river.
693	amalgamate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: amalgamate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	бинтовать	The district plans to amalgamate three small libraries.
694	anthropogenic	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: anthropogenic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	антропоге́нный	The study separates natural variation from anthropogenic warming.
695	buffer	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: buffer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. бу́фер 2. буфер	Savings provide a buffer against sudden unemployment.
696	capitulate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: capitulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. капитули́ровать 2. сда́ться 3. сдава́ться	The isolated army was forced to capitulate.
697	codify	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: codify is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. кодифици́ровать 2. зашифро́вывать 3. зашифрова́ть	The new statute will codify protections developed by earlier courts.
698	commodify	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	превратить в товар	Critics argue that the platform will commodify personal attention.
699	concentric	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: concentric is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	концентри́ческий	The impact produced concentric circles in the ice.
700	confound	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: confound is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	сбива́ть с толку	An unmeasured variable could confound the experiment.

Page 21: words 701–735

Vocabulary page 21
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
701	consolidate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: consolidate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. объединя́ть 2. объедини́ть	The agency will consolidate its records in one secure archive.
702	constitutive	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	учредительный	Shared rituals are constitutive of the community's identity.
703	contingent	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: contingent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. возмо́жный 2. случа́йный	Funding is contingent on independent review.
704	adroit	adjective Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: adroit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	проворный	Her adroit response redirected the tense interview toward useful facts.
705	decompose	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: decompose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. разлага́ться 2. разложи́ться	Fungi decompose fallen wood.
706	demographic	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: demographic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. демографи́ческий 2. демографический	The survey revealed a major demographic shift.
707	disaggregate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: disaggregate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	дезагрегировать	Researchers disaggregate the results by age and region.
708	displacement	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	водоизмеще́ние	The dam caused the displacement of several villages.
709	efficacy	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: efficacy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. эффекти́вность 2. де́йственность	The trial measured the vaccine's efficacy.
710	elasticity	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. эласти́чность 2. эластичность	Price elasticity describes how demand changes when cost changes.
711	equilibrium	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: equilibrium is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. равнове́сие 2. бала́нс 3. равновесие	The reaction reaches equilibrium when both rates become equal.
712	exogenous	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. экзоге́нный 2. экзогенный	The model treats global oil prices as an exogenous factor.
713	exponential	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: exponential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	экспоненциа́льный	The bacteria showed exponential growth under ideal conditions.
714	externality	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. экстерна́лия 2. вне́шний эффе́кт	Air pollution is a negative externality of fossil-fuel use.
715	formative	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	словообразующий	Living abroad was a formative experience for the writer.
716	fungible	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	1. взаимозамени́мый 2. взаимозаменя́емый 3. замени́мый	Money is fungible because one dollar can replace another.
717	genealogy	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: genealogy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. генеало́гия 2. генеалогия	The scholar traces the genealogy of the political concept.
718	gradient	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: gradient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	градие́нт	A steep temperature gradient formed near the front.
719	heuristic	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: heuristic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. эври́стика 2. эвристика	The doctor used a heuristic to prioritize urgent cases.
720	homeostasis	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: homeostasis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. гомеоста́з 2. гомеостаз	Sweating helps the body preserve homeostasis.
721	hydraulic	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: hydraulic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. гидравли́ческий 2. гидравлический	A hydraulic lift raised the heavy platform.
722	incentive	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: incentive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. сти́мул 2. толчо́к 3. моти́в	The rebate provides an incentive to conserve energy.
723	incidence	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	инциде́нтность	Vaccination reduced the incidence of the disease.
724	inelastic	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: inelastic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	неэластичный	Demand for basic medicine can be relatively inelastic.
725	infrastructure	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: infrastructure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. инфраструкту́ра 2. инфраструктура	Flooding damaged roads and other infrastructure.
726	interdependent	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Prefix focus: inter- means between or among.	взаимозави́симый	Pollinators and flowering plants are interdependent.
727	isotope	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: isotope is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. изото́п 2. изотоп	Scientists used a radioactive isotope to date the sample.
728	kinetic	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: kinetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	кинети́ческий	A moving vehicle possesses kinetic energy.
729	longitudinal	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: longitudinal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. долго́тный 2. продо́льный	A longitudinal study followed the children for twenty years.
730	macroeconomic	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Prefix focus: macro- means large-scale.	макроэкономический	The report examines macroeconomic trends in inflation and employment.
731	microcosm	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: microcosm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. микроми́р 2. микроко́см 3. мирок	The port is a microcosm of the nation's cultural diversity.
732	multilateral	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Prefix focus: multi- means many.	1. многосторо́нний 2. многосторонний	The treaty requires multilateral cooperation.
733	normative	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	нормативный	The essay distinguishes descriptive claims from normative judgments.
734	oscillation	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. кача́ние 2. колеба́ние	The graph shows a regular oscillation in temperature.
735	outlier	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: outlier is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	вы́брос	One unusually high score was an outlier.

Page 22: words 736–770

Vocabulary page 22
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
736	multifaceted	adjective Study Field: GRE transitions and expression of ideas Word study: Prefix focus: multi- means many.	многогра́нный	Poverty is a multifaceted problem requiring more than one solution.
737	provisional	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: provisional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. вре́менный 2. предварительный	The committee issued a provisional schedule.
738	obfuscate	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: obfuscate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. запу́тывать 2. запу́тать 3. сбива́ть с то́лку	Dense terminology can obfuscate a weak argument.
739	parsimonious	adjective Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. бережли́вый 2. жа́дный 3. ска́редный	The parsimonious board delayed necessary repairs.
740	relinquish	verb Study Field: GRE literature, history, and humanities Word study: Base-form focus: relinquish is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. сдавать 2. уступить	The ruler refused to relinquish emergency powers.
741	sequestration	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	секве́стр	Forest conservation supports carbon sequestration.
742	stratify	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	стратифицировать	Unequal access can stratify a society by wealth.
743	subsistence	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	1. прожи́тие 2. прожи́ток 3. пропита́ние	The family relied on subsistence farming.
744	symbiotic	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: symbiotic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	симбиоти́ческий	The fungi and tree roots form a symbiotic partnership.
745	systemic	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: systemic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. систе́мный 2. системный	The audit identified systemic failures in oversight.
746	threshold	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: threshold is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	поро́г	The signal must cross a threshold before the alarm sounds.
747	trajectory	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: trajectory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. траекто́рия 2. траектория	The policy changed the city's economic trajectory.
748	viscosity	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. вя́зкость 2. вязкость	Cooling increases the oil's viscosity.
749	abrogate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: abrogate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. аннули́ровать 2. отменя́ть 3. расторга́ть	The legislature voted to abrogate the outdated treaty.
750	acquisitive	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	жадный	The satire mocks an acquisitive society that measures worth by ownership.
751	adventitious	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. вне́шний 2. вспомога́тельный 3. доба́вочный	An adventitious discovery redirected the entire investigation.
752	apprise	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: apprise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. оповеща́ть 2. оповести́ть 3. сообща́ть	The attorney promised to apprise the family of every development.
753	arrogate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: arrogate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	самонаде́янно претендова́ть	The governor cannot arrogate powers reserved for the courts.
754	atonement	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	примире́ние	His public service became an attempt at atonement.
755	attenuation	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ослабле́ние	The wall produced measurable attenuation of the sound.
756	bifurcate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: bifurcate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	раздваивать	The trail will bifurcate near the ridge.
757	broach	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: broach is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	открыть	She waited until dinner ended to broach the funding dispute.
758	buttress	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: buttress is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	контрфорс	The newly found letters buttress the historian's interpretation.
759	cadge	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: cadge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	выманить	The traveler tried to cadge a meal from the innkeeper.
760	capitulation	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	капитуля́ция	The treaty marked the army's complete capitulation.
761	cogitate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: cogitate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. обду́мывать 2. размышля́ть	The philosopher would cogitate for hours before writing a paragraph.
762	complicity	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. соуча́стие 2. соучастие	The documents revealed the bank's complicity in the fraud.
763	concord	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: concord is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. содру́жество 2. душа́ 3. согла́сие	The settlement restored a measure of concord between the communities.
764	conduit	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: conduit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. водово́д 2. проводни́к	The river served as a conduit for trade and ideas.
765	conundrum	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: conundrum is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. зага́дка 2. головоло́мка 3. диле́мма	The need for growth without more pollution presents a conundrum.
766	corporeal	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: corporeal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	веще́ственный, мате́риа́льный	The poem contrasts corporeal desire with spiritual aspiration.
767	cosset	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: cosset is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	баловать	The program should support students without trying to cosset them.
768	daunt	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: daunt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. запу́гивать 2. запуга́ть 3. испуга́ть	The scale of the archive did not daunt the researcher.
769	denouement	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	развязка	The mystery's denouement reveals why the witness lied.
770	depredation	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	налёт	The forest still bears signs of wartime depredation.

The Cost of an Unclear Contract

Reading practice for pages 22–23. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

A small publisher received a provisional distribution offer, but the contract was unusually multifaceted. Its repeated cross-references seemed designed to obfuscate the true royalty rate. The distributor also proved parsimonious about production support while demanding broad control over future editions. After legal review, the publisher refused to relinquish those rights. Walking away sacrificed immediate income, but it preserved the freedom to negotiate a clearer and fairer agreement.

Russian translation

Небольшое издательство получило предварительное предложение о распространении, но договор был необычайно сложным. Его многочисленные перекрёстные ссылки, казалось, были составлены так, чтобы скрыть настоящую ставку роялти. Дистрибьютор также оказался скупым на поддержку производства, при этом требуя широкого контроля над будущими изданиями. После юридической проверки издательство отказалось уступать эти права. Отказ от сделки означал потерю немедленного дохода, но сохранил свободу вести переговоры о более ясном и справедливом соглашении.

Reading comprehension

1. Why is the provisional offer difficult to evaluate?

The contract is multifaceted and appears to obfuscate the true royalty rate.

2. In what way is the distributor parsimonious?

The distributor offers very little production support.

3. What does the publisher refuse to relinquish?

The publisher refuses to relinquish control over future editions.

Page 23: words 771–800

Vocabulary page 23
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
771	descry	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: descry is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	замеча́ть	From the tower, scouts could descry a sail on the horizon.
772	detente	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: detente is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	разрядка	The cultural exchange contributed to a brief detente.
773	diaphanous	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	прозра́чный	A diaphanous curtain moved in the breeze.
774	dissemble	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: dissemble is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. лицемерить 2. притворя́ться	The diplomat tried to dissemble her alarm.
775	ebullience	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	жизнерадостность	The crowd's ebullience continued long after the victory.
776	efficacious	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. де́йственный 2. эффекти́вный	The trial found the treatment safe and efficacious.
777	encomium	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: encomium is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	восхвале́ние	The retirement dinner included an encomium to the professor's mentorship.
778	enervating	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: enervating is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	расслабляющий	The enervating humidity slowed the workers.
779	epistemic	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: epistemic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. эпистеми́ческий 2. эпистемологи́ческий	The essay examines the epistemic limits of eyewitness testimony.
780	expiate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: expiate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	искупа́ть	The character hopes to expiate his betrayal through sacrifice.
781	expurgate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: expurgate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	удалять	The editor refused to expurgate the historical letters.
782	fecund	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: fecund is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	плодови́тый	The collaboration proved fecund, producing several new theories.
783	gambit	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: gambit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. гамби́т 2. гамбит	The generous offer was a negotiating gambit.
784	homily	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: homily is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	про́поведь	The novel ends with action rather than a homily.
785	immanent	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: immanent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	прису́щий	The philosopher describes justice as immanent in human cooperation.
786	immolate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: immolate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	сжига́ть	The mythic hero chose to immolate himself to save the city.
787	impasse	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: impasse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	тупи́к	Talks reached an impasse over border security.
788	importune	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: importune is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. домога́ться 2. надоеда́ть 3. приставать	Lobbyists continued to importune legislators for exemptions.
789	inchoate	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: inchoate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. начальный 2. ранний 3. неоконченный	The protest began with an inchoate set of demands.
790	inculcate	verb Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: inculcate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	прививать	The program seeks to inculcate habits of careful source checking.
791	ineluctable	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	неизбе́жный	The tragedy moves toward an ineluctable conclusion.
792	inimitable	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	неповторимый	The singer's inimitable phrasing transformed the familiar song.
793	internecine	adjective Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: internecine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	междоусо́бный	An internecine struggle weakened the governing coalition.
794	lacuna	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: lacuna is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	вакуум	A lacuna in the records obscures three years of the artist's life.
795	largesse	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: largesse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ще́дрость	The university expanded through a benefactor's largesse.
796	milieu	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: milieu is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	среда́	The novel recreates the artistic milieu of 1920s Paris.
797	modicum	noun Study Field: GRE science and social-science vocabulary Word study: Base-form focus: modicum is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. чу́точка 2. ма́лость 3. ничтожный	The proposal needs at least a modicum of public support.
798	exculpate	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Base-form focus: exculpate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. опра́вдывать 2. оправда́ть	Security footage may exculpate the employee who was accused.
799	canvass	verb Study Field: GRE evidence and rhetorical analysis Word study: Base-form focus: canvass is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	изучать	Volunteers will canvass the district before the referendum.
800	exemplify	verb Study Field: GRE words in context and precision Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	1. прояснить примером 2. показать на примере 3. демонстрировать	The final scene can exemplify the novel's theme of forgiveness.

About GRE Verbal Reasoning

The GRE Verbal Reasoning measure examines how well test takers understand and evaluate written material, recognize relationships among words and concepts, and analyze how parts of a sentence work together. Its three principal verbal question types are Reading Comprehension, Text Completion, and Sentence Equivalence.

Vocabulary matters on the GRE, but memorizing a definition is only the beginning. Strong preparation also connects each word to its connotation, common contrasts, near-synonyms, and role in an argument. Use the examples, readings, and quizzes here to practise choosing words from evidence in the sentence, then use official ETS material to learn the precise test format.

ETS test overview

Sources and curriculum references

These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.