English Vocabulary · Grade 9 Live Review Preview

9th Grade Vocabulary Words

Ninth grade marks the transition to high-school reading and writing across literature, argument, research, biology, physical and Earth science, algebra, computing, world history, civics, and geography. This level develops precise academic and domain-specific vocabulary while strengthening context, nuance, source evaluation, figurative language, and evidence-based communication.

This independently authored 800-word beta curriculum is arranged in twenty-three pages of up to thirty-five words. Pages containing words 1–500 include five cloze questions drawn only from that enhanced range; words 501–800 remain fully visible and editable as list pages while the expanded practice layer is developed. Each row includes a subject-field label and an editable word-study note about a transparent affix, compound structure, capitalization, or dictionary base form. The cited Grade 9 resources calibrate difficulty and study skills only; all learner-facing definitions, examples, quizzes, and descriptions are original KSSR copy.

Please note: the vocabulary lists for grades 9~11 have been selected to ensure no overlap with the previous grade level. If the words are too specialized or difficult for you, please go back to grade levels 4~8 and review the words on those pages.

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Words 491–525 of 800
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
491	authentication	noun Study Field: Grade 9 mathematics, computing, and data-literacy term Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. 인증(認證) 2. 인증	Two-factor authentication requires both a password and a temporary code.
492	password manager	noun Study Field: Grade 9 mathematics, computing, and data-literacy term Word study: Term structure: password + manager. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	비밀번호 관리자	A password manager can create a different strong password for every site.
493	phishing	noun Study Field: Grade 9 mathematics, computing, and data-literacy term Word study: Base-form focus: phishing is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 피싱 2. 정보 탈취 사기	The urgent email was phishing designed to capture login details.
494	malware	noun Study Field: Grade 9 mathematics, computing, and data-literacy term Word study: Base-form focus: malware is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 맬웨어 2. 악성 소프트웨어	The attachment installed malware on the unprotected computer.
495	ransomware	noun Study Field: Grade 9 mathematics, computing, and data-literacy term Word study: Base-form focus: ransomware is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	랜섬웨어	The hospital restored backups after a ransomware attack.
496	online trace	noun Study Field: Grade 9 mathematics, computing, and data-literacy term Word study: Term structure: online + trace. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	1. 온라인 활동 흔적 2. 디지털 발자국	Old public comments remain part of a user's online trace.
497	data privacy	noun Study Field: Grade 9 mathematics, computing, and data-literacy term Word study: Term structure: data + privacy. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	데이터 프라이버시	The app's data privacy policy explains whether location records are sold.
498	cloud computing	noun Study Field: Grade 9 mathematics, computing, and data-literacy term Word study: Term structure: cloud + computing. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	클라우드 컴퓨팅	Cloud computing lets the team edit the same document from several locations.
499	relational database	noun Study Field: Grade 9 mathematics, computing, and data-literacy term Word study: Term structure: relational + database. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	관계형 데이터베이스	The relational database links each order to a customer identifier.
500	query	noun Study Field: Grade 9 mathematics, computing, and data-literacy term Word study: Base-form focus: query is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 쿼리 2. 조회	The query returns all books published after 2020.
501	Neolithic Revolution	proper noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: Neolithic + Revolution. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	신석기 혁명	The Neolithic Revolution supported permanent villages but also changed diet and disease patterns.
502	agricultural surplus	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: agricultural + surplus. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	농업 잉여	An agricultural surplus allowed some residents to become craftspeople or officials.
503	specialization of labor	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: specialization + of + labor. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	노동의 전문화	Specialization of labor produced skilled metalworkers and scribes.
504	social hierarchy	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: social + hierarchy. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	사회 계층	The burial goods reveal a social hierarchy within the ancient city.
505	centralized government	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: centralized + government. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	중앙집권적 정부	A centralized government collected taxes across the kingdom.
506	codified law	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: codified + law. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	성문화된 법	Codified law made official penalties publicly knowable.
507	cuneiform	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Base-form focus: cuneiform is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 쐐기문자 2. 설형문자(楔形文字)	Scribes pressed cuneiform signs into wet clay tablets.
508	hieroglyphics	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Base-form focus: hieroglyphics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	상형문자	Egyptian hieroglyphics appeared on monuments and papyrus.
509	polytheism	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. 다신교 2. 다신론	Greek polytheism included gods associated with the sea, wisdom, and agriculture.
510	monotheism	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. 일신교(一神教) 2. 일신론(一神論)	Monotheism became central to several major religious traditions.
511	Mesopotamia	proper noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Capitalization focus: this is a proper name, so its standard written form begins with a capital letter.	^메소포타미아	Mesopotamia contained some of the world's earliest cities.
512	Fertile Crescent	proper noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: Fertile + Crescent. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	비옥한 초승달 지대	Wheat and barley cultivation spread through the Fertile Crescent.
513	Hammurabi's Code	proper noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: Hammurabi's + Code. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	함무라비 법전	Hammurabi's Code reveals differences in legal status within Babylonian society.
514	Indus Valley	proper noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: Indus + Valley. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	인더스 계곡	Cities in the Indus Valley used carefully planned streets and drainage.
515	Mandate of Heaven	proper noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: Mandate + of + Heaven. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	천명(天命)	Rebellion could be justified by claiming that a dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven.
516	dynastic cycle	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: dynastic + cycle. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	왕조주기	The dynastic cycle connected political disorder with the loss of legitimate rule.
517	polis	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Base-form focus: polis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	폴리스	Athens developed as a polis with its own laws and institutions.
518	Athenian democracy	proper noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: Athenian + democracy. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	아테네 민주주의	Athenian democracy excluded women, enslaved people, and foreigners from citizenship.
519	Roman republic	proper noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: Roman + republic. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	로마 공화국	The Roman republic divided authority among elected offices, assemblies, and the Senate.
520	republican government	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Term structure: republican + government. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	1. 공화제 정부 2. 공화정	A republican government depends on civic institutions and accountable officials.
521	patrician	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Base-form focus: patrician is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	귀족	The patrician family held land and competed for high office.
522	plebeian	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Base-form focus: plebeian is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 평민(平民) 2. 서민(庶民) 3. 상민	Plebeian protests gained greater political protections over time.
523	consul	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Base-form focus: consul is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 집정관 2. 로마 집정관	Each consul could limit the other's power.
524	tribune	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Base-form focus: tribune is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 호민관(護民官) 2. 트리부누스 3. 트리뷴	The tribune could veto certain actions that threatened plebeians.
525	senate	noun Study Field: Grade 9 world-history, civics, and geography term Word study: Base-form focus: senate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 원로원 2. 상원	The Roman senate advised officials and controlled important financial decisions.

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9th Grade Vocabulary Words

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