English Vocabulary · Grade 7 Live Review Preview

7th Grade Vocabulary Words

Seventh-grade readers are expected to move confidently among literary analysis, argument, research, science, mathematics, history, and civic discussion. This level develops precise Tier II and cross-curricular language while reinforcing context clues, word relationships, roots and affixes, multiple meanings, source evaluation, and evidence-based speaking and writing.

This independently authored 500-word beta curriculum is arranged in twenty pages of twenty-five words each. Words 1–300 include five cloze questions per page; words 301–500 remain fully visible and editable as list pages while the expanded practice layer is developed. Each row includes a subject-field label and an editable word-study note about a transparent affix, compound structure, capitalization, or dictionary base form. The supplied Grade 7 workbook calibrated difficulty and vocabulary-study skills only; all learner-facing definitions, examples, quizzes, and descriptions are original KSSR copy.

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Page 1: words 1–25

Vocabulary page 1
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
1	specify	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ify commonly forms a verb meaning to make or become.	specificare	The directions specify which measurements belong in the final table.
2	divulge	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: divulge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	divulgare	The journalist refused to divulge the confidential source's name.
3	align	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: align is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	allineare	The revised budget must align with the council's stated priorities.
4	speculation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	speculazione	The rumor remains speculation until a reliable witness confirms it.
5	vary	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: vary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	variare	Daily temperatures vary more in the desert than near the ocean.
6	conviction	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	convinzione	Her conviction that every child deserves books inspired the donation drive.
7	perplexity	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	perplessità	The contradictory clues left the investigators in perplexity.
8	versatile	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: versatile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	versatile	A versatile tool can cut wire, tighten screws, and open packages.
9	oppose	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: oppose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	esibire	Several residents oppose the highway because it would divide the wetland.
10	noncommittal	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Prefix focus: non- means not or without.	non impegnativo	The director gave a noncommittal reply while the proposal was still under review.
11	unabridged	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: unabridged is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	integrale	The library owns an unabridged edition containing every chapter of the novel.
12	irrational	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: irrational is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	irrazionale	It is irrational to reject the experiment before examining its results.
13	gauge	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: gauge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. seminorma 2. calibro 3. strumento di misura	The survey helps researchers gauge public support for the park.
14	preview	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: preview is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. previsualizzare 2. anteprima 3. visione in anteprima	The museum offered a preview of the new exhibit to local teachers.
15	status	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: status is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	stato	The tracking page shows the delivery status of each package.
16	prerequisite	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: prerequisite is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	precedente	Basic algebra is a prerequisite for the advanced robotics course.
17	presume	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: presume is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	presumere	We should not presume that the quietest participant has no ideas.
18	preconceived	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: preconceived is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	preconcetto	The interview challenged her preconceived view of the neighborhood.
19	documentation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	documentazione	The application requires documentation of the volunteer hours.
20	version	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: version is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	versione	The director chose a shorter version of the play for the festival.
21	academic	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: academic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	accademico	The article uses academic language but explains each specialized term.
22	precise	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: precise is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. preciso 2. esatto 3. accurato	A precise description allowed the technician to locate the fault quickly.
23	competent	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: competent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	competente	A competent editor checks facts as well as grammar.
24	inquisitive	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	1. curioso 2. indiscreto	The inquisitive visitor examined every label in the science gallery.
25	principle	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: principle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	principio	Fairness is the principle behind giving each speaker equal time.

Previewing the Water Report

Reading practice for pages 1–3. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

Before officials divulge a river report, scientists preview its charts. The figures gauge water quality and specify where pollution increased. A colored symbol shows the status of each testing site, making the findings easier to interpret.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What do scientists preview?

They preview the river report's charts.

2. What do the figures gauge?

They gauge water quality.

3. What does each symbol show?

Each symbol shows a testing site's status.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The survey helps researchers ___ public support for the park.

Answer: gauge

2. The directions ___ which measurements belong in the final table.

Answer: specify

3. The museum offered a ___ of the new exhibit to local teachers.

Answer: preview

4. The journalist refused to ___ the confidential source's name.

Answer: divulge

5. The tracking page shows the delivery ___ of each package.

Answer: status

Page 2: words 26–50

Vocabulary page 2
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
26	modify	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: modify is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	modificare	Engineers will modify the design so the ramp is less steep.
27	itemize	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	articolare	The receipt will itemize every material purchased for the repair.
28	compare	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: compare is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. paragonare 2. comparare 3. confrontare	Readers compare the two accounts before deciding where they agree.
29	categorize	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	categorizzare	Researchers categorize the shells by shape, color, and texture.
30	validate	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: validate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	validare	A second trial can validate the surprising result.
31	differentiate	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: differentiate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. differenziare 2. calcolare la derivata	The key helps students differentiate harmless insects from harmful ones.
32	critique	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: critique is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	criticare	Partners critique each proposal using the same three criteria.
33	outline	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: outline is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. bozza 2. riassumere 3. delineare	Before drafting, Mina will outline the reasons for protecting the marsh.
34	proofread	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: proofread is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	controllare	Please proofread the report after making the final revisions.
35	organize	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	organizzare	Color-coded folders organize the records by month.
36	prioritize	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	priorizzare	Emergency crews prioritize people who need immediate medical help.
37	monitor	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: monitor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. monitorare 2. supervisionare 3. guardare	Sensors monitor the bridge for unusual movement.
38	integrate	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: integrate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. completare 2. integrare	The presentation will integrate maps, quotations, and survey data.
39	transfer	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: transfer is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	trasferire	The cable can transfer the photographs to a computer.
40	define	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: define is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	definire	The opening paragraph should define the problem before proposing a solution.
41	describe	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: describe is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	descrivere	The witness could describe the missing bicycle in detail.
42	respond	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: respond is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	corrispondere	The essay must respond directly to the prompt's central question.
43	participate	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: participate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. partecipare (a) 2. partecipare	Every student may participate in the discussion by speaking or writing.
44	facilitate	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: facilitate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. facilitare 2. agevolare	Clear labels facilitate the safe use of laboratory equipment.
45	persuade	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: persuade is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. persuadere 2. convincere	Strong evidence may persuade the board to restore the bus route.
46	recommend	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: recommend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	consigliare	The committee will recommend the safest location for the crossing.
47	propose	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: propose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	proporre	The students propose turning the vacant lot into a community garden.
48	inquire	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: inquire is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	inquisire	Visitors can inquire about accessible tours at the front desk.
49	consult	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: consult is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	consultare	The builders consult an engineer before altering the support beam.
50	resolve	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: resolve is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. risolvere 2. accordarsi	A neutral mediator helped the neighbors resolve the boundary dispute.

Page 2 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 2.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The presentation will ___ maps, quotations, and survey data.

Answer: integrate

2. Engineers will ___ the design so the ramp is less steep.

Answer: modify

3. The cable can ___ the photographs to a computer.

Answer: transfer

4. The receipt will ___ every material purchased for the repair.

Answer: itemize

5. The opening paragraph should ___ the problem before proposing a solution.

Answer: define

Page 3: words 51–75

Vocabulary page 3
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
51	refine	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: refine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. migliorare 2. rifinire	Repeated testing will refine the team’s model.
52	transform	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: transform is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. trasformare 2. modificare	New lighting can transform the unused warehouse into a theater.
53	contract	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: contract is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	contrarre	Metal may contract when its temperature drops.
54	distribute	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: distribute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	distribuire	Volunteers distribute clean water after the storm.
55	separate	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: separate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. separato 2. separata 3. separare	A mesh screen can separate large stones from fine soil.
56	generate	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: generate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	generare	The rooftop panels generate electricity on sunny days.
57	reinforce	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: reinforce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	rinforzare	Steel beams reinforce the old building during earthquakes.
58	highlight	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: highlight is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. bagliore 2. chiarore 3. evidenziare	The conclusion should highlight the strongest evidence.
59	perceive	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: perceive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	percepire	Bats perceive their surroundings through reflected sound.
60	apply	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: apply is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	applicare	Students apply the formula to a new set of measurements.
61	rehearse	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: rehearse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ripetere 2. ripassare 3. provare	The actors rehearse the final scene until every movement is clear.
62	memorize	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ize commonly forms a verb meaning to make, become, or apply.	1. memorizzare 2. imparare a memoria	Instead of trying to memorize every line, understand the argument's structure.
63	review	verb Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: review is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. inventario 2. resoconto 3. revisionare	Niko will review his notes before writing the summary.
64	credibility	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ibility forms a noun for the capacity to have a quality or perform an action.	credibilità	Citations and transparent methods increase a report's credibility.
65	counterclaim	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Prefix focus: counter- means against, opposing, or responding to.	1. controquerela 2. riconvenzione	The essay answers the counterclaim with evidence from two studies.
66	reasoning	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: reasoning is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ragionamento	The answer is correct, but its reasoning needs clearer steps.
67	inference	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	inferenza	The muddy footprints support the inference that someone entered from outside.
68	analysis	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: analysis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	analisi	Her analysis explains how the poem's repeated image develops its theme.
69	quotation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	preventivo	The quotation supports the paragraph because it states the witness's observation.
70	citation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	citazione	Each borrowed statistic needs a citation.
71	glossary	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: glossary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	glossario	The glossary defines unfamiliar words used in the ecology chapter.
72	appendix	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: appendix is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	appendice	The report's appendix contains the complete survey questions.
73	bibliography	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Root and suffix focus: -graphy relates to writing, recording, or describing.	bibliografia	The bibliography identifies every book, interview, and website in the project.
74	propaganda	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: propaganda is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	propaganda	The poster used propaganda to portray every critic as an enemy.
75	disinformation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. disinformazione 2. controinformazione 3. misinformazione	Officials corrected the disinformation with verified public records.

Page 3 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 3.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Repeated testing will ___ the team’s model.

Answer: refine

2. Citations and transparent methods increase a report's ___.

Answer: credibility

3. New lighting can ___ the unused warehouse into a theater.

Answer: transform

4. The essay answers the ___ with evidence from two studies.

Answer: counterclaim

5. Metal may ___ when its temperature drops.

Answer: contract

Page 4: words 76–100

Vocabulary page 4
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
76	stereotype	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: stereotype is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	stereotipo	The documentary challenges the stereotype with varied personal accounts.
77	interpretation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	interpretazione	Her interpretation of the ending depends on the final image of the open gate.
78	continuity	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	continuità	Shared symbols create continuity between the novel's three sections.
79	nonfiction	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. saggistica 2. saggistico	The nonfiction book explains the expedition using maps and journal entries.
80	narrative	noun Study Field: Grade 7 academic reading and reasoning word Word study: Base-form focus: narrative is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	descrizione	The oral history presents a personal narrative of migration.
81	fiction	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: fiction is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	finzione	The fiction blends an invented family with an accurately researched setting.
82	legend	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: legend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. leggenda 2. favola 3. epopea	According to the local legend, a hidden bell rings before a storm.
83	mythology	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Root and suffix focus: -logy means the study of a subject.	mitologia	The course compares sea deities in Greek and Polynesian mythology.
84	fable	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: fable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. fiaba 2. favola	The fable uses a proud crow to warn against empty flattery.
85	memoir	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: memoir is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	memorie	In her memoir, the pilot recalls learning to navigate by the stars.
86	biography	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: biography is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	biografia	The biography traces the scientist's work from childhood experiments to major discoveries.
87	autobiography	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Root and suffix focus: -graphy relates to writing, recording, or describing.	autobiografia	The musician's autobiography describes both failures and successes.
88	drama	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: drama is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	dramma	The drama reveals its conflict through dialogue and stage directions.
89	comedy	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: comedy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	commedia	The comedy turns a series of mistaken identities into a joyful reunion.
90	tragedy	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: tragedy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	tragedia	The tragedy shows how the ruler's pride harms the entire city.
91	fantasy	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: fantasy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	fantasia	The fantasy imagines a library whose books can speak.
92	mystery	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: mystery is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	mistero	The mystery provides enough clues for careful readers to identify the thief.
93	adventure	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: adventure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. avventura 2. peripezia	The adventure follows two friends across an unmapped island.
94	romance	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: romance is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	romanzo	The historical romance develops alongside the struggle to save the family farm.
95	realism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	realismo	The novel's realism appears in its detailed portrayal of factory work.
96	dystopia	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: dystopia is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	distopia	The dystopia warns readers about a government that erases personal memories.
97	allegory	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: allegory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	allegoria	The journey is an allegory about the search for knowledge.
98	narration	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	narrazione	First-person narration limits the reader to one character's knowledge.
99	setting	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: setting is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. contesto 2. circostanza	The isolated lighthouse provides a tense setting for the mystery.
100	plot	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: plot is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. trama 2. ordito 3. schema	The plot changes direction when the missing map is discovered.

Comedy and Stereotype

Reading practice for pages 4–6. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

A theater group compares comedy with tragedy. Their interpretation avoids using a harmful stereotype merely for laughter. To preserve continuity, the same actor carries one character’s choices from the first scene to the last.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What two forms does the group compare?

The group compares comedy and tragedy.

2. What does their interpretation avoid?

It avoids a harmful stereotype.

3. How do they preserve continuity?

One actor maintains the character's choices throughout.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The documentary challenges the ___ with varied personal accounts.

Answer: stereotype

2. The ___ turns a series of mistaken identities into a joyful reunion.

Answer: comedy

3. Her ___ of the ending depends on the final image of the open gate.

Answer: interpretation

4. The ___ shows how the ruler's pride harms the entire city.

Answer: tragedy

5. Shared symbols create ___ between the novel's three sections.

Answer: continuity

Page 5: words 101–125

Vocabulary page 5
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
101	complication	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	complicazione	A sudden flood creates a complication in the travelers' plan.
102	tension	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: tension is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	tensione	The locked door increases the tension as footsteps approach.
103	theme	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: theme is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	tema	The theme of responsibility develops through each character's choices.
104	character	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: character is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	personaggio	The youngest character notices the clue that every adult missed.
105	characterization	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	caratterizzazione	The author uses dialogue and actions for indirect characterization.
106	dialogue	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: dialogue is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. dialogo 2. conversazione 3. discorso	The dialogue reveals that the sisters remember the event differently.
107	monologue	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Prefix focus: mono- means one or single.	monologo	In the monologue, the captain explains why she abandoned the voyage.
108	soliloquy	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: soliloquy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	soliloquio	The prince's soliloquy exposes his fear of making the wrong decision.
109	stagecraft	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: stagecraft is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	scenografia	Effective stagecraft turns simple fabric and light into an ocean storm.
110	scene	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: scene is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	scena	The courtroom scene brings the two opposing witnesses together.
111	act	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: act is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. atto 2. numero	The conflict becomes unavoidable at the end of the second act.
112	stanza	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: stanza is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	strofa	Each stanza describes the river during a different season.
113	verse	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: verse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. strofa 2. verso	The ballad tells the sailor's story in verse.
114	prose	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: prose is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	prosa	The author shifts from verse to prose when the formal ceremony ends.
115	couplet	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: couplet is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	distico	The poem closes with a rhyming couplet.
116	quatrain	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: quatrain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	quartina	The first quatrain introduces the image of an empty road.
117	meter	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: meter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. contatore 2. metro	The steady meter resembles the beat of marching feet.
118	rhythm	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: rhythm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ritmo	Short repeated phrases give the speech a memorable rhythm.
119	rhyme	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: rhyme is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	rima	The poet avoids perfect rhyme to create an uneasy effect.
120	cadence	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: cadence is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. andamento 2. cadenza 3. passo	The sentence's slow cadence matches the character's exhaustion.
121	chorus	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: chorus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	coro	The chorus comments on events that the main characters cannot see.
122	assonance	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	assonanza	The phrase “low road home” uses assonance to slow the line.
123	consonance	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	consonanza	The repeated final t sound creates consonance in the short verse.
124	mood	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: mood is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	umore	Rain and empty streets establish a lonely mood.
125	first-person	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Term structure: first + person. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	prima persona	The first-person account reveals the explorer's doubts directly.

Page 5 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 5.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The author shifts from verse to ___ when the formal ceremony ends.

Answer: prose

2. The locked door increases the ___ as footsteps approach.

Answer: tension

3. The poem closes with a rhyming ___.

Answer: couplet

4. The ___ of responsibility develops through each character's choices.

Answer: theme

5. The first ___ introduces the image of an empty road.

Answer: quatrain

Page 6: words 126–150

Vocabulary page 6
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
126	third-person	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Term structure: third + person. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	terza persona	The third-person narrator follows several members of the family.
127	episodic	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: episodic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	episodico	The episodic novel visits a different town in each chapter.
128	genre	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: genre is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	genere	Readers recognize the detective genre by its clues and investigation.
129	convention	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	convenzione	A hidden clue is a common convention of mystery stories.
130	trope	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: trope is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. tropo 2. figura retorica 3. metafora	The reluctant hero is a trope that writers can use or challenge.
131	inscription	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. inscrizione 2. motto 3. iscrizione	The weathered inscription names the bridge's original builder.
132	premonition	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. premonizione 2. presentimento 3. presagio	Her uneasy premonition foreshadows the storm.
133	posterity	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	posteri	The archivist preserved the letters for posterity.
134	postscript	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: postscript is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	post scriptum	The postscript adds one final clue about the missing key.
135	sentimental	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: sentimental is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	sentimentale	The worn toy has sentimental value because it belonged to her grandmother.
136	somberly	adverb Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Suffix focus: -ly commonly forms an adverb describing how an action occurs.	cupamente	The narrator speaks somberly after describing the village's destruction.
137	mock	verb Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: mock is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. imitare 2. deridere 3. emulare	The bullies mock the new student's accent until a friend intervenes.
138	jest	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: jest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. scherzo 2. barzelletta 3. battuta	His jest eased the tension without insulting anyone.
139	regal	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: regal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. regale 2. rigabello	The actor's regal posture makes the queen immediately recognizable.
140	glee	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: glee is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. gioia 2. allegria	The children shouted with glee when the curtain rose.
141	camouflage	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: camouflage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. mimetizzazione 2. camuffamento	The costume designer used leaf-patterned camouflage for the forest spirits.
142	alter	verb Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: alter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. cambiare 2. alterare	The director will alter the ending to fit the shorter performance.
143	idol	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: idol is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. idol 2. idolo	The novel questions whether a famous athlete should become an unquestioned idol.
144	heir	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: heir is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. erede 2. ereditiera	The missing heir returns just before the estate is sold.
145	principal	noun Study Field: Grade 7 literature and composition word Word study: Base-form focus: principal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	preside	The principal character must decide whether to reveal the secret.
146	biome	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: biome is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	bioma	The tundra biome supports mosses, lichens, and cold-adapted animals.
147	variation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	variazione	Color variation helps some beetles blend into different backgrounds.
148	genetics	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: genetics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	genetica	Genetics can help explain why related plants share certain features.
149	gene	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: gene is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	gene	A gene may influence the color of a flower.
150	allele	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: allele is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	allele	An offspring receives one allele for the trait from each parent.

Page 6 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 6.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The actor's ___ posture makes the queen immediately recognizable.

Answer: regal

2. The ___ novel visits a different town in each chapter.

Answer: episodic

3. The children shouted with ___ when the curtain rose.

Answer: glee

4. Readers recognize the detective ___ by its clues and investigation.

Answer: genre

5. The costume designer used leaf-patterned ___ for the forest spirits.

Answer: camouflage

Page 7: words 151–175

Vocabulary page 7
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
151	mutation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	mutazione	A mutation may be harmful, helpful, or have no visible effect.
152	selection	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	selezione	Natural selection favors traits that improve survival and reproduction.
153	evolution	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	evoluzione	Fossils provide evidence of evolution over long periods.
154	parasitism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	parassitismo	A tick feeding on a deer is an example of parasitism.
155	mutualism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	mutualismo	Bees and flowering plants often participate in mutualism.
156	commensalism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	commensalismo	A bird nesting in a tree may illustrate commensalism.
157	nucleus	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: nucleus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	nucleo	The nucleus directs many activities of a eukaryotic cell.
158	cytoplasm	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: cytoplasm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	citoplasma	Chemical reactions occur throughout the cytoplasm.
159	skeletal	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: skeletal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	scheletrico	The skeletal system protects organs and provides support.
160	muscular	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: muscular is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	muscolare	The muscular system pulls on bones to create movement.
161	digestive	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	digestivo	The digestive system begins processing food in the mouth.
162	endocrine	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: endocrine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	endocrino	The endocrine system helps regulate growth and metabolism.
163	immune	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: immune is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	immune	An immune response targets a harmful pathogen.
164	bacterium	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: bacterium is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	batterio	One bacterium can reproduce quickly under favorable conditions.
165	nutrition	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	nutrizione	Balanced nutrition supplies energy and essential nutrients.
166	puberty	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: puberty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	pubertà	Hormones cause many physical changes during puberty.
167	embryo	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: embryo is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	embrione	The plant embryo is protected inside the seed.
168	ecology	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: ecology is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ecologia	Ecology examines how water quality affects an entire food web.
169	contamination	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	contaminazione	Testing revealed bacterial contamination in the well.
170	crystal	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: crystal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	cristallo	Each salt crystal has a regular cubic shape.
171	epicenter	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: epicenter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	epicentro	Shaking was strongest near the earthquake's epicenter.
172	seismic	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: seismic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	sismico	Seismic waves allow scientists to study Earth's interior.
173	tsunami	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: tsunami is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. tsunami 2. maremoto	The offshore earthquake triggered a tsunami warning.
174	troposphere	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: troposphere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	troposfera	Clouds and storms form mainly in the troposphere.
175	stratosphere	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: stratosphere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	stratosfera	Weather balloons can rise into the stratosphere.

Changes in a Pond

Reading practice for pages 7–9. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

A pond study follows frogs from tadpoles through puberty. Good nutrition supports their growth, while parasitism can weaken them. Across many generations, natural selection influences evolution by favoring traits that help frogs survive local conditions.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What supports frog growth?

Good nutrition supports frog growth.

2. What can weaken frogs?

Parasitism can weaken frogs.

3. How does selection influence evolution?

It favors traits that help organisms survive.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Natural ___ favors traits that improve survival and reproduction.

Answer: selection

2. Balanced ___ supplies energy and essential nutrients.

Answer: nutrition

3. Fossils provide evidence of ___ over long periods.

Answer: evolution

4. Hormones cause many physical changes during ___.

Answer: puberty

5. A tick feeding on a deer is an example of ___.

Answer: parasitism

Page 8: words 176–200

Vocabulary page 8
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
176	weather	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: weather is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. tempo 2. clima 3. intemperie	Today's weather includes strong wind and scattered rain.
177	drought	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: drought is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. siccità 2. secco 3. asciugaggine	The drought lowered reservoirs and damaged crops.
178	cyclone	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: cyclone is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ciclone	The satellite image shows the cyclone turning over warm water.
179	hurricane	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: hurricane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	uragano	The hurricane strengthened before reaching the coast.
180	tornado	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: tornado is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. tornado 2. tromba d'aria	The tornado damaged a narrow path through the town.
181	tide	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: tide is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	marea	The falling tide exposed pools among the rocks.
182	weight	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: weight is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	peso	An astronaut's weight changes with gravity, but her mass does not.
183	buoyancy	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: buoyancy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. spinta 2. spinta statica 3. forza ascensionale	Buoyancy keeps the empty bottle floating.
184	pressure	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: pressure is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	pressione	Air pressure decreases as elevation increases.
185	potential	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: potential is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	potenziale	The raised book has gravitational potential because it can fall.
186	thermal	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: thermal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	termico	A thermal camera detects differences in surface temperature.
187	electrical	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: electrical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	elettrizzante	The electrical circuit opens when the switch is lifted.
188	nuclear	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: nuclear is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	nucleare	A nuclear reaction changes an atom's nucleus.
189	radiant	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: radiant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	radiante	The Sun provides radiant energy to Earth.
190	sound	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: sound is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	suono	Sound travels faster through water than through air.
191	amplitude	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: amplitude is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ampiezza	Greater amplitude usually makes a sound seem louder.
192	absorption	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	assorbimento	Dark fabric has greater absorption of visible light than white fabric.
193	conduction	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	conduzione	The metal spoon warms by conduction.
194	radiation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	radiazione	Solar radiation can travel through empty space.
195	voltage	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: voltage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. voltaggio 2. tensione	Increasing the voltage made the bulb glow brighter.
196	solvent	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: solvent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	solvente	Water acts as the solvent in a sugar solution.
197	acid	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: acid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	acido	Lemon juice contains an acid called citric acid.
198	neutralization	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	neutralizzazione	The neutralization produced water and a salt.
199	periodic	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: periodic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. periodico 2. periodica	A swinging pendulum has periodic motion.
200	laboratory	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: laboratory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	laboratorio	The samples remained sealed until they reached the laboratory.

Page 8 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 8.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The ___ lowered reservoirs and damaged crops.

Answer: drought

2. ___ travels faster through water than through air.

Answer: sound

3. The satellite image shows the ___ turning over warm water.

Answer: cyclone

4. Greater ___ usually makes a sound seem louder.

Answer: amplitude

5. The ___ strengthened before reaching the coast.

Answer: hurricane

Page 9: words 201–225

Vocabulary page 9
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
201	apparatus	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: apparatus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. impianto 2. attrezzatura 3. sistema	The filtration apparatus includes a funnel, paper, and collection flask.
202	control	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: control is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. controllo 2. autorità 3. comando	The untreated plant served as the control.
203	constant	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: constant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	costante	Water volume was a constant in every trial.
204	measurement	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. misurazione 2. misura	Record each measurement to the nearest millimeter.
205	accuracy	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: accuracy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. accuratezza 2. precisione 3. acribia	Calibration improved the thermometer's accuracy.
206	error	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: error is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. errore 2. sbaglio	Reading the scale from an angle can introduce error.
207	hazard	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: hazard is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	difficoltà	Loose wires create an electrical hazard.
208	toxic	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: toxic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	tossico	The label warns that the liquid is toxic if swallowed.
209	corrosive	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	corrosivo	Technicians wear gloves when handling the corrosive acid.
210	flammable	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	infiammabile	Store the flammable solvent away from sparks.
211	microscope	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Prefix focus: micro- means small.	microscopio	The microscope revealed cell walls in the onion tissue.
212	specimen	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: specimen is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	esemplare	The rock specimen contains visible quartz crystals.
213	dissection	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	dissezione	The flower dissection revealed its reproductive parts.
214	model	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: model is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	modello	The globe is a model of Earth, not an exact copy.
215	simulation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	simulazione	The computer simulation predicts how traffic may flow.
216	engineering	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: engineering is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ingegneria	Bridge engineering balances strength, cost, and safety.
217	optimization	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	ottimizzazione	Route optimization reduced both travel time and fuel use.
218	machine	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: machine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. macchina 2. meccanismo	The simple machine lets one person lift the heavy crate.
219	lever	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: lever is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	leva	The crowbar acts as a lever when lifting the lid.
220	pulley	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: pulley is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. carrucola 2. puleggia	A pulley helped raise the flag.
221	gear	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: gear is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	cambio	The smaller gear turns faster than the larger gear.
222	axle	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: axle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	asse	The bicycle wheel rotates around its axle.
223	wedge	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: wedge is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. cuneo 2. bietta 3. zeppa	The blade is a wedge that pushes material apart.
224	efficiency	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: efficiency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	efficienza	Lubrication increased the motor's efficiency.
225	code	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: code is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	codice	The code tells the sensor when to activate the alarm.

Page 9 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 9.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The computer ___ predicts how traffic may flow.

Answer: simulation

2. Water volume was a ___ in every trial.

Answer: constant

3. Bridge ___ balances strength, cost, and safety.

Answer: engineering

4. Record each ___ to the nearest millimeter.

Answer: measurement

5. Route ___ reduced both travel time and fuel use.

Answer: optimization

Page 10: words 226–250

Vocabulary page 10
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
226	input	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: input is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ingresso 2. informazione	The microphone converts sound input into an electrical signal.
227	output	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: output is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. risultato 2. produzione	The screen displays the sensor's output as a graph.
228	sensor	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: sensor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	sensore	A light sensor turns the lamp on at dusk.
229	robotics	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: robotics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	robotica	Robotics combines programming, mechanics, and electronics.
230	automation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. automazione 2. automatizzazione	Automation allows the greenhouse to adjust watering overnight.
231	hydroelectric	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: hydroelectric is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	idroelettrico	The hydroelectric station uses falling water to turn turbines.
232	solar	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: solar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	solare	A solar cooker concentrates sunlight to heat food.
233	geothermal	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: geothermal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. geotermico 2. geotermale	The town uses geothermal energy from underground hot water.
234	turbine	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: turbine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. turbina 2. rotore	Steam spins the turbine inside the power plant.
235	generator	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: generator is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	generatore	The bicycle generator powers the headlamp.
236	antidote	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: antidote is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	antidoto	Doctors administered the antidote soon after identifying the toxin.
237	malfunction	noun Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	malfunzionamento	A sensor malfunction caused the false alarm.
238	auditory	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: auditory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	uditivo	The auditory nerve carries signals from the inner ear.
239	inaudible	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	inudibile	The bat's highest calls are inaudible to human ears.
240	propel	verb Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: propel is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. propellere 2. catapultare 3. spingere	Expelled air can propel the balloon across the room.
241	saturate	verb Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: saturate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	inzuppar	Continued rain will saturate the soil.
242	lethal	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 science and engineering word Word study: Base-form focus: lethal is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	letale	Even a small dose of the chemical can be lethal to fish.
243	rational	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: rational is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	razionale	The decimal 0.75 is rational because it equals three fourths.
244	positive	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	positivo	A positive number appears to the right of zero on a number line.
245	term	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: term is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	termine	The expression has three terms, and each term is separated by a plus sign.
246	substitute	verb Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: substitute is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	sostituire	Substitute six for x before simplifying the expression.
247	difference	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	differenza	The difference between twenty and thirteen is seven.
248	percent	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: percent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	per cento	Twenty-five percent is equivalent to one fourth.
249	theoretical	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: theoretical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	teorico	The theoretical probability of rolling a six is one sixth.
250	experimental	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: experimental is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	sperimentale	Our experimental probability changed as we repeated the toss.

A Rescue Robot

Reading practice for pages 10–12. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

The robotics team designs a machine for flooded buildings. A water sensor warns when soaked floors begin to saturate its wheels. Small fans propel the robot around obstacles so rescuers can inspect a room without entering a potentially lethal space.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What does the sensor detect?

The sensor detects water.

2. What can saturate the wheels?

Floodwater can saturate the wheels.

3. Why might the robot enter first?

It can inspect a potentially lethal space safely.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Expelled air can ___ the balloon across the room.

Answer: propel

2. A light ___ turns the lamp on at dusk.

Answer: sensor

3. Continued rain will ___ the soil.

Answer: saturate

4. ___ combines programming, mechanics, and electronics.

Answer: robotics

5. Even a small dose of the chemical can be ___ to fish.

Answer: lethal

Page 11: words 251–275

Vocabulary page 11
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
251	statistics	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: statistics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	statistica	Statistics can reveal patterns that individual values do not show.
252	random	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: random is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. casuale 2. fortuito	A random sample reduces the influence of personal choice.
253	biased	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: biased is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. parziale 2. prevenuto 3. tendenzioso	A biased question can distort survey results.
254	percentile	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: percentile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	percentile	A score in the eightieth percentile equals or exceeds eighty percent of scores.
255	distribution	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	distribuzione	The distribution has two clusters and one distant outlier.
256	histogram	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: histogram is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	istogramma	The histogram groups heights into five-centimeter intervals.
257	scatterplot	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: scatterplot is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	grafico a dispersione	The scatterplot suggests that study time and scores rise together.
258	correlation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. correlazione 2. corrispondenza	A correlation does not by itself prove that one variable causes the other.
259	trend	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: trend is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	tendenza	The graph shows an upward trend in average temperature.
260	slope	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: slope is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	pendenza	The line's slope is two because y rises two units for every unit of x.
261	linear	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: linear is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	lineare	A linear relationship adds the same amount at each step.
262	nonlinear	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Prefix focus: non- means not or without.	non lineare	The curved graph represents a nonlinear relationship.
263	dependent	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: dependent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	dipendente	Plant height is the dependent variable in the experiment.
264	domain	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: domain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	dominio	Negative numbers are outside the domain when x represents elapsed time.
265	geometry	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: geometry is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	geometria	Geometry helps architects calculate angles and areas.
266	point	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: point is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	punto	Label the point where the two lines intersect.
267	plane	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: plane is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	piano	Three noncollinear points determine a plane.
268	segment	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: segment is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	segmento	Measure the segment from A to B.
269	ray	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: ray is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. raggio 2. semiretta	Each side of an angle is a ray extending from the vertex.
270	obtuse	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: obtuse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ottuso	The open book forms an obtuse angle.
271	complementary	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: complementary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	complementare	Angles of thirty and sixty degrees are complementary.
272	supplementary	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: supplementary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. supplementare 2. addizionale	The adjacent angles on a straight line are supplementary.
273	vertical	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: vertical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	verticale	Vertical angles always have equal measures.
274	transversal	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Prefix focus: trans- means across, through, or beyond.	trasversale	The transversal creates corresponding angles at both intersections.
275	congruent	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: congruent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	congruente	The two triangles are congruent because all corresponding sides and angles match.

Page 11 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 11.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. A ___ question can distort survey results.

Answer: biased

2. Label the ___ where the two lines intersect.

Answer: point

3. A score in the eightieth ___ equals or exceeds eighty percent of scores.

Answer: percentile

4. Three noncollinear points determine a ___.

Answer: plane

5. The ___ has two clusters and one distant outlier.

Answer: distribution

Page 12: words 276–300

Vocabulary page 12
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
276	similar	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: similar is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	simile	The similar rectangles have different sizes but equal angle measures.
277	translation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	traduzione	The translation moves the triangle four units to the right.
278	dilation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	dilatazione	A dilation with a factor of two doubles every length.
279	quadrilateral	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: quadrilateral is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. quadrilatero 2. quadrangolo	A kite is a quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent equal sides.
280	square	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: square is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. piazza 2. sagrato	The square has both rectangle and rhombus properties.
281	parallelogram	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: parallelogram is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. parallelogramma 2. parallelogrammo	Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent.
282	pentagon	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: pentagon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	pentagono	The irregular pentagon still has exactly five sides.
283	hexagon	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: hexagon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	esagono	A regular hexagon can be divided into six equilateral triangles.
284	octagon	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: octagon is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ottagono	The stop sign has the shape of a regular octagon.
285	circle	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: circle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. cerchio 2. circolo	Every radius of the circle has the same length.
286	pi	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: pi is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. pi greco 2. pi	Use pi to calculate the circumference from the diameter.
287	prism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: prism is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	prisma	The triangular prism has two triangular bases.
288	pyramid	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: pyramid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	piramide	The square pyramid has four triangular side faces.
289	cylinder	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: cylinder is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	cilindro	The can is approximately a cylinder.
290	cone	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: cone is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	cono	The traffic cone has a circular base.
291	sphere	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: sphere is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	sfera	A basketball approximates a sphere.
292	theorem	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: theorem is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	teorema	The Pythagorean theorem relates the sides of a right triangle.
293	postulate	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: postulate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	postulato	The postulate states that exactly one line passes through two points.
294	deduction	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	deduzione	Her deduction follows from the angle-sum theorem.
295	induction	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	induzione	Induction suggests the pattern, but a proof must confirm it.
296	counterexample	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Prefix focus: counter- means against, opposing, or responding to.	controesempio	The fraction one half is a counterexample to the claim that all numbers below one are negative.
297	calculation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	conto	Check the calculation by estimating the result first.
298	mixed	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: mixed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	misto	The mixed number two and one third equals seven thirds.
299	improper	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: improper is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	falso	The improper fraction nine fourths is greater than one.
300	terminating	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: terminating is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	terminando	One eighth has the terminating decimal 0.125.

Page 12 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 12.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. A ___ with a factor of two doubles every length.

Answer: dilation

2. A basketball approximates a ___.

Answer: sphere

3. A kite is a ___ with two pairs of adjacent equal sides.

Answer: quadrilateral

4. The Pythagorean ___ relates the sides of a right triangle.

Answer: theorem

5. The ___ has both rectangle and rhombus properties.

Answer: square

Page 13: words 301–325

Vocabulary page 13
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
301	repeating	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: repeating is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	periodico	One third has the repeating decimal 0.333.
302	conversion	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. conversione 2. derivazione zero	The conversion from meters to centimeters multiplies the value by one hundred.
303	metric	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: metric is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	metrico	The metric unit for liquid volume is the liter.
304	customary	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: customary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	consueto	In the customary system, twelve inches equal one foot.
305	formula	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: formula is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	formula	The formula gives the area of a triangle.
306	computation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. calcolo 2. computo	A calculator can speed the computation but cannot choose the correct method.
307	arithmetic	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: arithmetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	aritmetica	Mental arithmetic helps estimate a grocery total.
308	algebra	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: algebra is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	algebra	Algebra can express the same pattern for any input.
309	statistic	noun Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: statistic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	statistica	The median is a statistic describing the center of a dataset.
310	mathematical	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 mathematics and data word Word study: Base-form focus: mathematical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	matematico	The puzzle requires mathematical reasoning rather than guessing.
311	belief	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: belief is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	fiducia	Freedom of conscience protects each person's belief.
312	norm	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: norm is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	norma	Greeting visitors politely is a social norm in many communities.
313	institution	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	istituzione	A court is an institution that applies and interprets law.
314	religion	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: religion is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	religione	The constitution protects a person's right to practice a religion.
315	language	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: language is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. lingua 2. linguaggio	Migration can bring a new language into a region.
316	art	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: art is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	arte	Public art can preserve community memory.
317	surplus	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: surplus is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	surplus	A food surplus allowed some workers to specialize in other trades.
318	specialization	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	specializzazione	Craft specialization increased as ancient cities grew.
319	artisan	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: artisan is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	artigiano	The artisan shaped clay into durable storage jars.
320	merchant	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: merchant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. mercante 2. mercantessa 3. commerciante	The merchant carried spices between coastal ports.
321	barter	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: barter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. barattare 2. baratto	Through barter, a farmer traded grain for tools.
322	entrepreneurship	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: entrepreneurship is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. imprenditoria 2. imprenditorialità 3. spirito imprenditoriale	Her entrepreneurship turned a repair idea into a small company.
323	revenue	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: revenue is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	reddito	Ticket revenue pays for museum conservation.
324	debt	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: debt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. debito 2. buffo	The city repaid its construction debt over twenty years.
325	credit	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: credit is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	credito	Responsible use of credit requires a plan for repayment.

Converting Measurements

Reading practice for pages 13–15. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

A recipe uses customary cups, but the laboratory scale uses metric units. Imani applies a conversion formula and sees a repeating decimal on her calculator. She rounds only after checking how much precision the experiment requires.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. Which units does the recipe use?

The recipe uses customary units.

2. Which units does the scale use?

The scale uses metric units.

3. Why does Imani use a formula?

She uses it for unit conversion.

Page 14: words 326–350

Vocabulary page 14
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
326	interest	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: interest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	interesse	The loan's interest increases its total cost.
327	recession	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -sion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	recessione	During the recession, many businesses reduced hiring.
328	unemployment	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. disoccupazione 2. inoccupazione	The factory closure caused unemployment to rise.
329	manufacturing	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: manufacturing is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	fabbricazione	Automobile manufacturing supports many related industries.
330	investment	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	investimento	The railway was a major public investment.
331	wealth	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: wealth is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ricchezza 2. patrimonio	Trade created wealth for the port but did not benefit every resident equally.
332	poverty	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: poverty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	povertà	The relief program seeks to reduce childhood poverty.
333	public	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: public is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	pubblico	The public library is supported by local taxes.
334	private	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: private is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. personale 2. riservato 3. privato	The farm is private property, although a public path crosses it.
335	monarchy	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: monarchy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	monarchia	The monarchy became largely ceremonial after constitutional reforms.
336	dictatorship	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: dictatorship is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	dittatura	The dictatorship censored newspapers and arrested opponents.
337	oligarchy	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Root and suffix focus: -archy relates to rule, rank, or a governing system.	oligarchia	Wealthy families dominated the ancient oligarchy.
338	theocracy	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Root and suffix focus: -cracy relates to rule or a system of government.	teocrazia	In a theocracy, religious leadership also controls political authority.
339	judiciary	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: judiciary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	giustizia	An independent judiciary can limit abuses of power.
340	liberty	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: liberty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	libertà	The charter promises liberty of expression.
341	equality	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	uguaglianza	The amendment advanced legal equality.
342	nationalism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	nazionalismo	Nationalism helped unite the region but also heightened rivalries.
343	patriotism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	patriottismo	Her patriotism included criticizing policies she believed were unjust.
344	protest	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: protest is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	protesta	The peaceful protest called for safer working conditions.
345	strike	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: strike is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	sciopero	The strike ended after employers agreed to negotiate.
346	suffrage	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: suffrage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	suffragio	Activists campaigned for universal suffrage.
347	party	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: party is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	partito	The new party focused its campaign on housing reform.
348	minority	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. minoranza 2. minorità	The constitution protects minority rights against majority abuse.
349	representation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	rappresentanza	Residents demanded fair representation on the regional council.
350	district	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: district is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	distretto	Each district elects one council member.

Page 15: words 351–375

Vocabulary page 15
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
351	census	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: census is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. censo 2. censimento	The census records population changes every ten years.
352	ordinance	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	regolamento	The city ordinance limits noise after midnight.
353	war	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: war is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	guerra	The war displaced millions of civilians.
354	peace	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: peace is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	pace	The treaty created a fragile peace.
355	truce	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: truce is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	tregua	Both sides accepted a truce to evacuate the wounded.
356	armistice	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: armistice is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	armistizio	The armistice ended the fighting before a final treaty was signed.
357	migration	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	migrazione	Seasonal jobs encouraged migration toward the coast.
358	immigration	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	immigrazione	Immigration changed the city's languages, foods, and industries.
359	emigration	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	emigrazione	Political persecution caused widespread emigration.
360	refugee	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: refugee is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. rifugiato 2. rifugiata 3. profugo	The refugee applied for protection after crossing the border.
361	diaspora	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: diaspora is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	diaspora	Letters connected members of the diaspora across several continents.
362	urban	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: urban is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	urbano	Urban planners proposed more parks near apartment buildings.
363	rural	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: rural is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	rurale	The rural clinic serves farms spread across a large county.
364	suburban	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: suburban is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	suburbano	A new rail line connected the suburban community to downtown.
365	geography	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: geography is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	geografia	Geography explains how rivers shaped the settlement pattern.
366	equator	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: equator is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	equatore	The equator passes through parts of South America, Africa, and Asia.
367	meridian	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: meridian is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	meridiano	The prime meridian is assigned zero degrees longitude.
368	projection	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	proiezione	Every map projection distorts some combination of area, shape, or distance.
369	elevation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	alzato	The mountain town has an elevation of two thousand meters.
370	assimilation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	assimilazione	Forced assimilation policies suppressed Indigenous languages.
371	acculturation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	acculturazione	Acculturation can involve exchange without complete loss of identity.
372	diversity	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	diversità	Linguistic diversity reflects the region's migration history.
373	ethnicity	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. etnia 2. etnicità	The census asks about ethnicity separately from citizenship.
374	gender	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: gender is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. genere 2. sesso	Ideas about gender roles vary across societies and time.
375	identity	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	identità	Language became an important part of the community's identity.

Page 16: words 376–400

Vocabulary page 16
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
376	archaeology	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Root and suffix focus: -logy means the study of a subject.	archeologia	Archaeology revealed workshops beneath the modern marketplace.
377	chronology	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Root and suffix focus: -logy means the study of a subject.	cronologia	The timeline establishes the chronology of the revolution.
378	era	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: era is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. era 2. epoca	The invention marked the beginning of a new era in communication.
379	decade	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: decade is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. decennio 2. decade	The city's population doubled within one decade.
380	medieval	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: medieval is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. medievale 2. medioevale	The medieval manuscript was copied by hand.
381	contemporary	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: contemporary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. contemporaneo 2. coetaneo 3. coevo	Contemporary accounts describe how residents experienced the flood.
382	throne	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: throne is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	trono	The prince renounced the throne and left the kingdom.
383	feudalism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	feudalesimo	Under feudalism, land and service connected lords and vassals.
384	renaissance	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ance commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	1. rinascimento 2. rinascenza	The Harlem Renaissance transformed American literature, music, and art.
385	reformation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	miglioramento	The Protestant Reformation divided western Christianity.
386	enlightenment	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	illuminazione	Enlightenment thinkers debated the source of government authority.
387	industrialization	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	industrializzazione	Industrialization drew workers into rapidly growing cities.
388	colonization	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	colonizzazione	Colonization disrupted existing governments and trade networks.
389	abolition	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	abolizione	The movement demanded the abolition of slavery.
390	emancipation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	emancipazione	The proclamation made emancipation a central aim of the war.
391	reconstruction	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	ricostruzione	Postwar reconstruction restored roads and created new institutions.
392	communism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	comunismo	Different governments interpreted communism in sharply different ways.
393	capitalism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	capitalismo	In capitalism, businesses usually compete to sell goods and services.
394	socialism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	socialismo	The party promoted democratic socialism through elections.
395	fascism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	fascismo	Fascism gained power by exploiting fear and political violence.
396	totalitarianism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	totalitarismo	The novel portrays totalitarianism through surveillance and forced loyalty.
397	censorship	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: censorship is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	censura	Government censorship prevented the newspaper from reporting the protest.
398	genocide	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: genocide is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	genocidio	The museum documents the genocide through survivor testimony.
399	discrimination	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	discriminazione	The law prohibits employment discrimination.
400	segregation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	segregazione	Students challenged school segregation in court.

Building a Historical Chronology

Reading practice for pages 16–18. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

Evidence from archaeology helps students build a chronology of the town. One coin comes from a medieval era, while a photograph belongs to a much later decade. Placing each object in time reveals how daily life changed.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What helps students build the chronology?

Evidence from archaeology helps them.

2. Which object is medieval?

A coin is from the medieval era.

3. What does the timeline reveal?

It reveals changes in daily life.

Page 17: words 401–425

Vocabulary page 17
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
401	integration	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	integrazione	School integration faced organized resistance.
402	civil	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: civil is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	civile	The civil rights movement used courts, boycotts, and marches.
403	activism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	attivismo	Youth activism helped expand access to public transportation.
404	charity	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition.	1. ente di beneficenza 2. organizzazione benefica 3. onlus	The charity supplies meals during emergencies.
405	nonprofit	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Prefix focus: non- means not or without.	organizzazione non a scopo di lucro	The nonprofit restored the historic theater.
406	transportation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	trasporto	Reliable transportation connects workers with jobs.
407	sanitation	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. fognature 2. igiene 3. nettezza urbana	Modern sanitation reduced diseases spread by contaminated water.
408	education	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result.	1. istruzione 2. educazione	Public education expanded during the nineteenth century.
409	housing	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: housing is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. alloggiamento 2. contenitore 3. scatola	Rising rents created a shortage of affordable housing.
410	development	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result.	1. sviluppo 2. potenziamento	The council debated whether the development would damage the wetland.
411	globalization	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	globalizzazione	Globalization allows products to cross several borders before sale.
412	interdependence	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	interdipendenza	Trade creates interdependence among producers, workers, and consumers.
413	media	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Base-form focus: media is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. media 2. mass media	Digital media can spread both verified reports and rumors rapidly.
414	journalism	noun Study Field: Grade 7 history and civics word Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	giornalismo	Responsible journalism separates confirmed facts from speculation.
415	agile	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: agile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	agile	The agile goalkeeper changed direction in an instant.
416	trivial	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: trivial is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. banale 2. ordinario	A spelling preference is trivial compared with a factual error.
417	naive	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: naive is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ingenuo 2. candido 3. semplice	It was naive to believe the advertisement without checking its claims.
418	wholehearted	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: wholehearted is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. a cuore aperto 2. senza riserve	The proposal received wholehearted support from the volunteers.
419	exotic	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: exotic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	esotico	The greenhouse protects exotic plants from the winter cold.
420	neglected	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: neglected is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. negletto 2. abbandonato	Volunteers repaired the neglected playground.
421	resigned	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: resigned is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	rassegnato	She sounded resigned after the final appeal was denied.
422	passive	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	passivo	A passive observer watches the problem without helping to solve it.
423	drab	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: drab is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. grigio 2. scialbo 3. sciatta	Bright murals transformed the drab concrete wall.
424	hardy	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: hardy is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. resistente 2. robusto	The hardy shrub survives cold winds and poor soil.
425	wily	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: wily is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. furbo 2. sornione 3. subdolo	The wily fox circles downwind before approaching.

Page 18: words 426–450

Vocabulary page 18
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
426	illegible	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	illeggibile	Rain made the ink on the label illegible.
427	incompetent	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: incompetent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	incompetente	An incompetent repair could make the electrical fault more dangerous.
428	disoriented	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: disoriented is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	scombussolato	The hiker felt disoriented after fog covered the trail markers.
429	momentary	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: momentary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	momentaneo	A momentary power loss reset the clock.
430	ominous	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. infausto 2. malaugurante 3. nefasto	The sudden silence was an ominous sign of the approaching storm.
431	tranquil	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: tranquil is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. tranquillo 2. sereno 3. calmo	At dawn, the lake looked tranquil and glassy.
432	exuberant	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: exuberant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	esuberante	The exuberant dancers filled the stage with motion.
433	perilous	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. pericoloso 2. rischioso	Icy ledges made the ascent perilous.
434	ravenous	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. famelico 2. affamato 3. vorace	After the long hike, everyone was ravenous.
435	desolate	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: desolate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	abbandonato	Abandoned houses made the mining town seem desolate.
436	nimble	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: nimble is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. agile 2. leggero 3. svelto	Her nimble fingers repaired the tiny clockwork mechanism.
437	defiant	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: defiant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ribelle 2. apertamente disobbediente 3. insolente	The defiant witness refused to repeat the false statement.
438	intimidated	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: intimidated is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	intimidito	The new speaker felt intimidated by the enormous audience.
439	grave	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: grave is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. opprimente 2. grave	The doctor warned that the infection posed a grave danger.
440	docile	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: docile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. docile 2. mansueto	The usually wild horse became docile around its trusted handler.
441	despicable	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	1. spregevole 2. abietto 3. disprezzabile	Stealing emergency supplies was a despicable act.
442	lamentable	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	lamentabile	The archive's poor storage was a lamentable failure of planning.
443	lofty	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: lofty is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. maestoso 2. alto	The organization set a lofty goal of ending local homelessness.
444	distinctive	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	distintivo	The bird's distinctive call begins with three short notes.
445	shrewd	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: shrewd is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. perspicace 2. sagace	The shrewd negotiator recognized which terms mattered most.
446	prosperous	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	conveniente	The prosperous port attracted merchants from distant regions.
447	unsightly	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: unsightly is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. antiestetico 2. inguardabile	The builders concealed the unsightly pipes behind a panel.
448	offensive	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	offensivo	The editor removed an offensive stereotype from the advertisement.
449	raucous	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. roco 2. rauco 3. chiassoso	A raucous cheer erupted after the final goal.
450	dejected	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: dejected is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. abbattuto 2. scoraggiato	The dejected team congratulated its opponents despite the loss.

Page 19: words 451–475

Vocabulary page 19
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
451	symmetrical	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: symmetrical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. simmetrico 2. speculare	The butterfly's wings form a nearly symmetrical pattern.
452	potent	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: potent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	potente	The concentrated cleaner is potent enough to damage paint.
453	uncanny	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: uncanny is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. sconcertante 2. inquietante 3. strano	The twins had an uncanny ability to finish each other's sentences.
454	enticing	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: enticing is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	atraente	The bakery's warm aroma was enticing.
455	rash	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: rash is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. affrettato 2. frettoloso 3. imprudente	Crossing the flooded bridge would be a rash decision.
456	hostile	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: hostile is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ostile	Few plants can survive the crater's hostile conditions.
457	tactful	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: tactful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	pieno di tatto	Her tactful correction focused on the error rather than the writer.
458	abrupt	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: abrupt is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. discontinuo 2. discontinua 3. sconnesso	The road ends at an abrupt drop near the cliff.
459	sober	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: sober is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	sobrio	The report offers a sober assessment of the recovery costs.
460	cheerful	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: cheerful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. allegro 2. felice 3. gioioso	His cheerful greeting eased everyone's nervousness.
461	skeptical	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: skeptical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	scettico	The skeptical reviewer asked to see the original data.
462	doubtful	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: doubtful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	improbabile	It is doubtful that the damaged bridge can reopen today.
463	vain	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: vain is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. vanitoso 2. vanesio	The vain ruler ordered statues of himself in every square.
464	proud	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: proud is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. fiero 2. orgoglioso	The volunteers felt proud of the garden they had restored.
465	ashamed	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: ashamed is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	pieno di vergogna	He felt ashamed after admitting that he had lied.
466	remorseful	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: remorseful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	pentito	The remorseful driver paid for the damaged fence.
467	resentful	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: resentful is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	rancoroso	Workers became resentful when only managers received credit.
468	sympathetic	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: sympathetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	sensibile	The counselor was sympathetic but still explained the rule.
469	empathetic	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: empathetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	empatico	An empathetic response acknowledges why the loss hurts.
470	apathetic	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: apathetic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. apatico 2. atono	Voters remained apathetic because none of the candidates addressed housing.
471	patient	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: patient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	paziente	A patient instructor explained the process again.
472	tolerant	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: tolerant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	tollerante	A tolerant community protects peaceful disagreement.
473	obedient	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: obedient is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	ubbidiente	The obedient dog waited beside the open gate.
474	rebellious	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	ribelle	The rebellious artist rejected the academy's strict conventions.
475	reckless	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: reckless is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	spericolato	Reckless driving endangered everyone near the crossing.

An Uncanny Garden

Reading practice for pages 19–20. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

The garden’s perfectly symmetrical paths look almost uncanny at dusk. An enticing scent comes from white flowers, but their sap contains a potent irritant. Visitors should not make a rash decision to touch an unfamiliar plant.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. Why do the paths look uncanny?

They are perfectly symmetrical at dusk.

2. What is enticing?

The flowers' scent is enticing.

3. Why should visitors avoid a rash choice?

The sap contains a potent irritant.

Page 20: words 476–500

Vocabulary page 20
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
476	timid	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: timid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. timido 2. pavido 3. impaurito	The timid kitten hid behind the chair.
477	valiant	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: valiant is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	eroico	The valiant rescue crew entered the flooded tunnel.
478	persistent	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: persistent is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. tenace 2. durevole 3. insistente	Her persistent questions uncovered the accounting error.
479	idle	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: idle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. ozioso 2. inattivo	The idle factory machinery gathered dust.
480	imaginative	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ive commonly forms an adjective meaning having a quality or tendency.	immaginoso	The imaginative solution reused rainwater to cool the roof.
481	practical	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: practical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. concreto 2. reale	The committee chose a practical repair it could afford.
482	logical	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: logical is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	logico	The final conclusion is logical because each step follows from evidence.
483	sensible	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ible means capable of, suitable for, or able to be affected.	1. giudizioso 2. di buon senso 3. ragionevole	Bringing extra water was a sensible precaution.
484	probable	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	probabile	Heavy clouds make rain probable this afternoon.
485	unlikely	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: unlikely is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	improbabile	It is unlikely that the small pond caused the regional flood.
486	optional	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: optional is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. facoltativo 2. opzionale 3. volontario	The extra research question is optional.
487	voluntary	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: voluntary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. spontaneo 2. volontario 3. di propria iniziativa	Participation in the anonymous survey is voluntary.
488	mandatory	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: mandatory is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. obbligatorio 2. richiesto 3. necessario	Safety goggles are mandatory in the laboratory.
489	temporary	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: temporary is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	temporaneo	A temporary bridge will carry pedestrians during repairs.
490	unstable	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -able means capable of, suitable for, or worthy of an action.	instabile	The cracked slope became unstable after heavy rain.
491	uniform	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: uniform is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	uniforme	The machine applies a uniform layer of paint.
492	subtle	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: subtle is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. sottile 2. inafferrabile	A subtle shift in tone makes the apology sound insincere.
493	obvious	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Suffix focus: -ous commonly forms an adjective meaning full of or characterized by.	1. ovvio 2. evidente 3. palese	The missing wheel was the most obvious problem.
494	audible	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: audible is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	udibile	The speaker's final words were barely audible.
495	concrete	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: concrete is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. concreto 2. reale	The proposal needs concrete steps, not general promises.
496	durable	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: durable is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	durabile	The durable fabric survived years of outdoor use.
497	rigid	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: rigid is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	rigido	A rigid frame keeps the telescope steady.
498	elastic	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: elastic is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. elastico 2. elastica	The elastic cord lengthened under the load.
499	rough	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: rough is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	difficile	The rough stone can scratch polished wood.
500	coarse	adjective Study Field: Grade 7 precise high-utility word Word study: Base-form focus: coarse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. grossolano 2. grezzo 3. grosso	The filter catches coarse sand before the water reaches the fine mesh.

Sources and curriculum references

These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.