English Vocabulary · Grade 5 Live Review Preview

5th Grade Vocabulary Words

Fifth-grade readers use increasingly precise vocabulary to compare sources, explain evidence, interpret literature, and learn independently across science, mathematics, and social studies. The curriculum emphasizes context clues, meaningful word parts, parts of speech, and language that strengthens both discussion and writing.

This independently authored 500-word beta curriculum is arranged in twenty pages of twenty-five words each. Words 1–300 include five cloze questions per page; words 301–500 remain fully visible and editable as list pages while the expanded practice layer is developed. References calibrated level and coverage only; all learner-facing definitions and sample sentences are original KSSR copy.

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Complete text list

All 500 words are included below as ordinary HTML. This view does not require JavaScript.

Page 1: words 1–25

Vocabulary page 1
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
1	accomplish	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 이루다 2. 해내다	Careful planning helped the volunteers accomplish their goal before sunset.
2	achievement	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 달성 2. 업적 3. 성취	Finishing her first long novel was a proud achievement for Lena.
3	adapt	verbGrade 5 academic word	익숙해지다	Desert plants adapt to dry conditions by storing water.
4	adequate	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	충분한	The hikers carried an adequate supply of water for the afternoon.
5	allocate	verbGrade 5 academic word	할당하다	The council will allocate part of the budget to playground repairs.
6	alternate	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 번갈아 하다 2. 교대로 하다	We alternate between reading silently and discussing the chapter.
7	anticipate	verbGrade 5 academic word	예상하다	Farmers anticipate frost when the temperature drops sharply.
8	appeal	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 매력 2. 흥미	The mystery's unexpected ending added to its appeal.
9	assign	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 맡기다 2. 배정하다	The director will assign each actor a role in the play.
10	category	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 부문(部門) 2. 분류(分類) 3. 종별(種別)	Place each rock in a category based on how it formed.
11	combine	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 조합하다 2. 결합하다 3. 합치다	We combine flour and water to make the dough.
12	complex	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	복잡하다	The complex machine uses dozens of gears to keep time.
13	concept	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 개념 2. 관념	The model helped us understand the concept of gravity.
14	consequence	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 결과 2. 소치	One consequence of the drought was a smaller wheat harvest.
15	construct	verbGrade 5 academic word	건설하다	The engineers will construct a footbridge across the creek.
16	contrast	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 대조하다 2. 차이점을 비교하다	The essay will contrast life in a village with life in a large city.
17	deliberate	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	고의의	Her deliberate choice of strong evidence improved the argument.
18	dependable	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	신뢰할 수 있는	The dependable bus arrives at the same time each morning.
19	determine	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 알아내다 2. 판별하다	The test will determine whether the water is safe to drink.
20	distinguish	verbGrade 5 academic word	가리다	The field guide helps readers distinguish hawks from falcons.
21	diverse	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. 다양한 2. 여러 종류의	A diverse forest contains plants of many sizes and species.
22	efficient	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	효율적-이다	The efficient oven uses less electricity while cooking food evenly.
23	elaborate	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	정교한	The parade featured an elaborate float covered with paper flowers.
24	encounter	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 만나다 2. 부닥치다 3. 맞닥뜨리다	Hikers may encounter deer near the meadow at dawn.
25	establish	verbGrade 5 academic word	세우다	Residents hope to establish a weekly farmers' market.

Building a Rain Garden

Reading practice for pages 1–3. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

The garden club studies the concept of collecting rainwater. Members construct a shallow basin beside the playground and plant grasses in it. If they accomplish their plan, less water will flood the path. That consequence will make their achievement useful to the whole school.

Korean translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What concept does the club study?

The club studies collecting rainwater.

2. What do members construct?

They construct a shallow planted basin.

3. What consequence do they expect?

They expect less water to flood the path.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The model helped us understand the ___ of gravity.

Answer: concept

2. Careful planning helped the volunteers ___ their goal before sunset.

Answer: accomplish

3. One ___ of the drought was a smaller wheat harvest.

Answer: consequence

4. Finishing her first long novel was a proud ___ for Lena.

Answer: achievement

5. The engineers will ___ a footbridge across the creek.

Answer: construct

Page 2: words 26–50

Vocabulary page 2
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
26	evaluate	verbGrade 5 academic word	평하다	The judges evaluate each design for strength and originality.
27	expand	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 확장하다 2. 늘리다	The writer will expand the final paragraph with another example.
28	expectation	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 기대 2. 예상 3. 기대감	Our expectation of clear skies changed when thunder began.
29	factor	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 요인 2. 팩터 3. 요소	Daily sunlight is an important factor in plant growth.
30	function	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 기능 2. 역할	The roots' main function is to absorb water and anchor the plant.
31	illustrate	verbGrade 5 academic word	설명하다	The diagram will illustrate how water moves through the cycle.
32	infer	verbGrade 5 academic word	미루다	From the wet paw prints, we infer that the dog entered through the kitchen.
33	interpret	verbGrade 5 academic word	해석-하다	Students interpret the graph by comparing the heights of its bars.
34	majority	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 다수(多數) 2. 과반수(過半數) 3. 과반	A majority of the class voted for the outdoor activity.
35	motivate	verbGrade 5 academic word	…에 동기를 주다	A clear goal can motivate a team to keep practicing.
36	perspective	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 시점 2. 관점 3. 견해	The diary presents the voyage from a young sailor's perspective.
37	procedure	nounGrade 5 academic word	절차	Follow the safety procedure before starting the experiment.
38	reaction	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 반응(反應) 2. 반동(反動) 3. 리액션	Maya's surprised reaction showed that she had not expected the gift.
39	refer	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 참조하게 하다 2. …을 보라고 안내하다	The directions refer readers to the map on the next page.
40	sequence	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 순서 2. 순차 3. 시퀀스	Put the pictures in sequence from seed to flowering plant.
41	significant	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. 뜻깊다 2. 유의미	The discovery was significant because it changed what scientists understood.
42	sufficient	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	충분하다	One flashlight provided sufficient light for the small tent.
43	supportive	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	지지하는	Her supportive teammates cheered after every attempt.
44	surroundings	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 주변 2. 환경 3. 주위	The owl's brown feathers blend with its woodland surroundings.
45	tendency	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 경향 2. 추세 3. 성향	The river has a tendency to rise after several days of rain.
46	approximate	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	근사하다	The approximate distance to the lake is three kilometers.
47	confident	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	확신하다	After rehearsing, Amir felt confident about giving his speech.
48	reliable	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	믿음직스럽다	We used a reliable weather source before planning the trip.
49	require	verbGrade 5 academic word	요구하다	The recipe will require two cups of chopped apples.
50	strategy	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 전략 2. 작전 3. 전술	Checking headings first is a useful reading strategy.

Page 2 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 2.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Maya's surprised ___ showed that she had not expected the gift.

Answer: reaction

2. The judges ___ each design for strength and originality.

Answer: evaluate

3. The directions ___ readers to the map on the next page.

Answer: refer

4. The writer will ___ the final paragraph with another example.

Answer: expand

5. Put the pictures in ___ from seed to flowering plant.

Answer: sequence

Page 3: words 51–75

Vocabulary page 3
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
51	abolish	verbGrade 5 academic word	없애다	The town voted to abolish the outdated parking rule.
52	absurd	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. 어처구니없다 2. 기막히다 3. 어이없다	The absurd rumor claimed that the tiny pond contained a whale.
53	access	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 액세스 2. 접근 3. 접속	A library card gives residents access to online books.
54	aggressive	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. 공격적-이다 2. 침략적-이다	The aggressive goose hissed and charged toward the fence.
55	altitude	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 해발(海拔) 2. 해발 3. 고도	The air becomes thinner as altitude increases.
56	antagonist	nounGrade 5 academic word	악역	In the novel, the dishonest captain is the antagonist.
57	antonym	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 반의어(反義語/反意語) 2. 반대어(反對語) 3. 반대(反對)말	The word “scarce” is an antonym of “abundant.”
58	anxious	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	불안해하는	Dev felt anxious while waiting for news about the missing dog.
59	aroma	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 향기(香氣) 2. 좋은 냄새 3. 아로마	The warm bread filled the kitchen with a sweet aroma.
60	astound	verbGrade 5 academic word	깜짝 놀라게 하다	The magician's final illusion will astound the audience.
61	avalanche	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 눈사태(沙汰) 2. 설붕(雪崩)	The avalanche blocked the road through the mountain pass.
62	banquet	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 연회(宴會) 2. 만찬 3. 향연	The community held a banquet to honor the rescue workers.
63	beverage	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 음료 2. 음료수	Tea was the warm beverage served after the winter walk.
64	bland	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. 싱겁다 2. 밋밋하다	The soup tasted bland until we added herbs.
65	blizzard	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 눈보라 2. 블리자드 3. 폭설	The blizzard buried the road beneath deep snow.
66	bungle	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 서투르게 망치다 2. 실수로 일을 그르치다	Rushing may cause us to bungle the final measurements.
67	cautiously	adverbGrade 5 academic word	1. 조심히 2. 신중히 3. 조심스레	The fox stepped cautiously onto the frozen pond.
68	companion	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 동반자(同伴者) 2. 길벗 3. 길동무	The guide's faithful dog was his companion on every hike.
69	compassion	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 동정(同情) 2. 자비 3. 연민	Neighbors showed compassion by bringing meals to the injured family.
70	compensate	verbGrade 5 academic word	보상하다	The store will compensate customers for the damaged goods.
71	comply	verbGrade 5 academic word	응하다	Cyclists must comply with the trail's safety signs.
72	compose	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 작곡하다 2. 짓다	Jada will compose a short melody for the school play.
73	convert	verbGrade 5 academic word	전환하다	Solar panels convert sunlight into electrical energy.
74	courteous	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	예의 바른	The courteous visitor waited until the speaker finished.
75	debate	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 의논(議論) 2. 토론(討論) 3. 논의	The class held a debate about protecting the empty lot.

Page 3 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 3.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The town voted to ___ the outdated parking rule.

Answer: abolish

2. The soup tasted ___ until we added herbs.

Answer: bland

3. The ___ rumor claimed that the tiny pond contained a whale.

Answer: absurd

4. The ___ buried the road beneath deep snow.

Answer: blizzard

5. A library card gives residents ___ to online books.

Answer: access

Page 4: words 76–100

Vocabulary page 4
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
76	decline	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 기울다 2. 꺾이다	The frog population may decline if the pond dries up.
77	dedicate	verbGrade 5 academic word	바치다	The volunteers dedicate each Saturday to restoring the trail.
78	deprive	verbGrade 5 academic word	뺏다	Clouds can deprive young plants of necessary sunlight.
79	detect	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 탐지하다 2. 발견하다	The alarm can detect smoke before flames appear.
80	dictate	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 받아쓰게 불러주다 2. 구술하다	The reporter will dictate notes to an assistant by phone.
81	document	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 기록하다 2. 문서화하다	Scientists document each bird sighting in a field journal.
82	duplicate	verbGrade 5 academic word	복사하다	The printer can duplicate the photograph in seconds.
83	edible	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	먹을 수 있는	Only some of the berries in this forest are edible.
84	escalate	verbGrade 5 academic word	차츰 오르다	A small disagreement can escalate when no one listens.
85	evade	verbGrade 5 academic word	피하다	The quick rabbit tried to evade the circling hawk.
86	exasperate	verbGrade 5 academic word	분노하게 하다	Repeated interruptions can exasperate a patient speaker.
87	excavate	verbGrade 5 academic word	파다	Archaeologists excavate the site with small tools and brushes.
88	exert	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 끼치다 2. 힘쓰다	Climbers must exert extra force on the steep slope.
89	exhibit	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. 보여주다 2. 보이다 3. 나타내다	The museum will exhibit tools from the early settlement.
90	exult	verbGrade 5 academic word	기뻐하다	Fans began to exult when the final goal secured the victory.
91	feeble	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	희미한	A feeble beam of light shone through the dusty window.
92	frigid	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	몹시 추운	Frigid air froze the puddles overnight.
93	gigantic	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	거대하다	A gigantic whale surfaced beside the research boat.
94	gorge	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 협곡(峽谷) 2. 골짜기 3. 계곡	The river flows through a rocky gorge.
95	guardian	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. 보호자(保護者) 2. 가디언 3. 수호자	Her guardian signed the permission form for the trip.
96	hazy	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. 흐릿한 2. 안개 낀	The distant hills looked hazy through the morning fog.
97	hearty	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	푸짐	The hikers ate a hearty stew after the long climb.
98	homonym	nounGrade 5 academic word	동음이의어(同音異義語)	“Bat” is a homonym because it can name an animal or a piece of sports equipment.
99	identical	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. 동일한 2. 똑같은	The two keys looked identical, but only one opened the door.
100	illuminate	verbGrade 5 academic word	비추다	A lantern will illuminate the dark path.

The Museum Exhibit

Reading practice for pages 4–6. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

Volunteers dedicate a new exhibit to the town’s musicians. Ticket sales decline during a snowy week, but the curator refuses to deprive families of a final viewing day. The volunteers exult when the museum fills on Saturday.

Korean translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. To whom is the exhibit dedicated?

The exhibit is dedicated to the town's musicians.

2. Why do ticket sales decline?

Snowy weather causes ticket sales to decline.

3. When do volunteers exult?

They exult when the museum fills.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The frog population may ___ if the pond dries up.

Answer: decline

2. The museum will ___ tools from the early settlement.

Answer: exhibit

3. The volunteers ___ each Saturday to restoring the trail.

Answer: dedicate

4. Fans began to ___ when the final goal secured the victory.

Answer: exult

5. Clouds can ___ young plants of necessary sunlight.

Answer: deprive

Page 5: words 101–125

Vocabulary page 5
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
101	independent	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 독립적인 2. 자립적인	The independent researcher planned and completed her own investigation.
102	industrious	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 부지런하다 2. 근면하다	The industrious ants carried food back to their nest.
103	intense	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 강렬한 2. 극심한	The intense heat forced the runners to shorten their practice.
104	intercept	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	가로채다	The defender managed to intercept the pass.
105	jubilation	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 환희 2. 큰 기쁨	Jubilation filled the stadium after the unexpected victory.
106	kin	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 혈육 2. 친척 3. 친족	The young wolf remained close to its kin.
107	luxurious	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	호화(豪華)	The hotel offered a luxurious room overlooking the harbor.
108	major	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 주요한 2. 중대한	Repairing the bridge was a major project for the town.
109	miniature	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 미니어처 2. 미니아튀르	The exhibit included a miniature model of the castle.
110	minor	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 경미 2. 사소하다	A minor scratch did not affect how the machine worked.
111	mischief	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 장난 2. 해악	The puppy's mischief left muddy paw prints across the floor.
112	monarch	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 국왕 2. 제왕 3. 군주	The monarch addressed the nation from the palace.
113	moral	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 교훈(敎訓) 2. 교훈 3. 훈계	The fable's moral warns readers not to be greedy.
114	myth	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 신화(神話) 2. 신화	The ancient myth tells how the stars reached the sky.
115	narrator	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 이야기꾼 2. 내레이터	The narrator knows what every character is thinking.
116	navigate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	항해하다	Sailors use charts and stars to navigate across the ocean.
117	negative	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 부정적인 2. 좋지 않은	The critic gave a negative review of the confusing performance.
118	nonchalant	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	무심한	Ravi sounded nonchalant even though the contest result mattered to him.
119	obsolete	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 구식의 2. 더 이상 쓰이지 않는	The old machine became obsolete after digital equipment arrived.
120	occasion	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 행사 2. 때	The family saved the decorated dishes for a special occasion.
121	overthrow	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 뒤엎다 2. 무너뜨리다 3. 쓰러뜨리다	The rebels hoped to overthrow the cruel ruler.
122	pardon	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 용서하다 2. 사면하다	The governor may pardon a prisoner after reviewing the case.
123	pasture	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 목장(牧場) 2. 목초지(牧草地) 3. 목장	The horses grazed peacefully in the pasture.
124	pedestrian	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 보행자 2. 행인	The driver stopped to let a pedestrian cross the street.
125	perish	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 죽다 2. 멸망하다	Young seedlings may perish without water.

Page 5 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 5.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The ancient ___ tells how the stars reached the sky.

Answer: myth

2. The ___ ants carried food back to their nest.

Answer: industrious

3. The ___ knows what every character is thinking.

Answer: narrator

4. The ___ heat forced the runners to shorten their practice.

Answer: intense

5. Sailors use charts and stars to ___ across the ocean.

Answer: navigate

Page 6: words 126–150

Vocabulary page 6
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
126	petrify	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	겁에 질려 꼼짝 못 하게 하다	The sudden growl seemed to petrify the campers.
127	portable	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	가지고 다닐 수 있는	We used a portable stove to cook at the campsite.
128	prefix	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 접두사 2. 접두어	The prefix “un-” changes “certain” to “uncertain.”
129	preserve	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 보존하다 2. 보호하다	The archive works to preserve letters from the town's founders.
130	protagonist	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 주인공(主人公) 2. 주인공 3. 여주인공	The protagonist must choose between safety and helping a friend.
131	provide	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	베풀다	Tall trees provide shade beside the playground.
132	purchase	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 매수하다 2. 사들이다	The club will purchase new art supplies with the fundraiser money.
133	realistic	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	현실적	The artist painted a realistic portrait of the old fisherman.
134	reassure	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	안심시키다	The guide tried to reassure us that the trail was safe.
135	reign	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 치세(治世) 2. 통치기간(統治期間) 3. 재위(在位)	The palace was expanded during the queen's reign.
136	resemble	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 비슷하다 2. 닮다 3. 같다	The cloud seemed to resemble a sailing ship.
137	retain	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	유지하다	Dark soil can retain water longer than sand.
138	retire	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	퇴직-하다	The librarian plans to retire after forty years of service.
139	revert	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 되돌아가다 2. 원래 상태로 돌아가다	Without maintenance, the garden may revert to an overgrown field.
140	route	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 경로 2. 진로 3. 활로	The map shows the safest route across the mountains.
141	saunter	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	한가로이 걷다	We watched the peacock saunter across the courtyard.
142	seldom	adverbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 좀체로…않게 2. 드물게	Snow seldom falls in this warm coastal town.
143	senseless	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	무의미한	Damaging the new playground would be a senseless act.
144	sever	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	절단하다	The storm may sever weak branches from the tree.
145	slither	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 미끄러지듯 기어가다 2. 꿈틀거리며 나아가다	A green snake began to slither through the grass.
146	sluggish	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	부진한	The lizard seemed sluggish in the cool morning air.
147	soar	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 날아오르다 2. 치솟다	The eagle began to soar above the canyon.
148	solitary	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 외딴 2. 홀로 있는	A solitary lighthouse stood on the rocky island.
149	solo	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 솔로 2. 독주 3. 독창	Mina practiced her violin solo for the concert.
150	sparse	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	희박	Only sparse grass grew on the dry hillside.

Page 6 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 6.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Without maintenance, the garden may ___ to an overgrown field.

Answer: revert

2. We used a ___ stove to cook at the campsite.

Answer: portable

3. The map shows the safest ___ across the mountains.

Answer: route

4. The ___ “un-” changes “certain” to “uncertain.”

Answer: prefix

5. We watched the peacock ___ across the courtyard.

Answer: saunter

Page 7: words 151–175

Vocabulary page 7
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
151	spurt	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	뿜다	Water began to spurt from the cracked pipe.
152	suffix	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 접미사 2. 접미어	The suffix “-less” changes “hope” into “hopeless.”
153	suffocate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	질식하다	Smoke can suffocate people inside a closed room.
154	summit	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 정상(頂上) 2. 꼭대기 3. 산정(山頂)	The climbers reached the summit before noon.
155	suspend	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 매달다 2. 걸다	Workers suspend the bridge deck from thick steel cables.
156	synonym	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 같은말 2. 비슷한말 3. 동의어(同義語/同意語)	“Rapid” is a synonym for “quick.”
157	talon	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	발톱	The hawk gripped the branch with each curved talon.
158	taunt	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 조롱하다 2. 놀리다	It is unkind to taunt a player who misses a shot.
159	thrifty	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 절약하는 2. 검소한	The thrifty cook turned leftover vegetables into soup.
160	translate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 번역하다 2. 옮기다	Students will translate the short message from French into English.
161	tropical	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	열대의	Colorful parrots live in the tropical forest.
162	visible	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	보이는	The lighthouse became visible when the fog lifted.
163	visual	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	시각적	A visual chart made the instructions easier to follow.
164	vivid	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 생생한 2. 선명한	The author used vivid details to describe the storm.
165	wilderness	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 야생 2. 광야 3. 황야	The protected wilderness contains forests, rivers, and mountains.
166	withdraw	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 취소하다 2. 제거하다 3. 물러가다	The injured runner had to withdraw from the race.
167	crucial	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	중대한	Clean water is crucial to every community's health.
168	emerge	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 나오다 2. 떠오르다 3. 나타나다	A butterfly will emerge from the chrysalis.
169	overcome	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 이겨내다 2. 이기다 3. 뛰어넘다	With practice, Jayla began to overcome her fear of speaking.
170	perplex	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 당황하게 하다 2. 혼란스럽게 하다	The puzzle's missing clue continued to perplex the detectives.
171	beckon	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 손짓해 부르다 2. 오라고 손짓하다	The guide raised one hand to beckon us toward the entrance.
172	bestow	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 수여하다 2. 부여하다	The mayor will bestow a medal on the brave rescuer.
173	intently	adverbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 집중해서 2. 유심히	The fox watched intently as the mouse crossed the field.
174	solemn	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 숙연하다 2. 엄숙 3. 비장	The crowd remained solemn during the memorial ceremony.
175	culture	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 문화 2. 풍토	Music and food are important parts of a community's culture.

A Summit in the Wilderness

Reading practice for pages 7–9. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

On a wilderness hike, Priya notices that the word fearless has a suffix. At the summit, smoke drifts from a distant fire. Because smoke can suffocate people, the guide decides to withdraw the group to a lower, clearer trail.

Korean translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What word part does Priya notice?

Priya notices a suffix.

2. What appears near the summit?

Smoke from a distant fire appears.

3. Why does the guide withdraw the group?

The guide withdraws them because smoke can suffocate people.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The ___ “-less” changes “hope” into “hopeless.”

Answer: suffix

2. The protected ___ contains forests, rivers, and mountains.

Answer: wilderness

3. Smoke can ___ people inside a closed room.

Answer: suffocate

4. The injured runner had to ___ from the race.

Answer: withdraw

5. The climbers reached the ___ before noon.

Answer: summit

Page 8: words 176–200

Vocabulary page 8
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
176	infuriate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	화나게 하다	Cheating in the final match would infuriate the other players.
177	population	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 인구(人口) 2. 인구수 3. 인구	The island's seabird population increased after nesting areas were protected.
178	resource	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	리소스	The encyclopedia is a valuable resource for the research project.
179	thrive	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	번창하다	Tomato plants thrive in warm sunlight.
180	assure	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 확언하다 2. 안심시키다	The coach tried to assure the team that their preparation was strong.
181	comprehend	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	이해하다	The timeline helped us comprehend the order of historical events.
182	exaggerate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 과대시-하다 2. 과장-하다	Do not exaggerate the size of the fish you caught.
183	ignorant	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 무지하다 2. 무식하다 3. 무학하다	We were ignorant of the trail closure until we saw the sign.
184	trial	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	시련	Surviving three nights in the storm was a severe trial.
185	summon	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	불러들이다	The captain will summon the crew when the ship is ready.
186	tolerate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	참는다	These plants can tolerate a few nights of cold weather.
187	vague	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 모호한 2. 애매한	The vague directions did not explain which road to take.
188	blurt	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	내뱉다	Nina tried not to blurt the surprise before the party.
189	criticize	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 꼬집다 2. 까	A helpful reviewer can criticize the argument without insulting the writer.
190	flimsy	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	허술	The flimsy box collapsed under the heavy books.
191	favorable	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	유리한	Favorable winds carried the sailboat toward the harbor.
192	mimic	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	모방하다	The parrot can mimic the sound of a ringing phone.
193	ridicule	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 놀리다 2. 비웃다	No student should ridicule another person's accent.
194	trait	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 형질 2. 특성	Patience is a useful trait for a careful scientist.
195	utter	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 뱉다 2. 내뱉다	The startled child could barely utter a word.
196	adjust	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	맞추다	Please adjust the microscope until the image is clear.
197	approve	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 승인하다 2. 찬성하다	The committee must approve the plan before construction begins.
198	conduct	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 실시하다 2. 수행하다	Researchers will conduct a survey about recycling habits.
199	conflict	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 분쟁(紛爭) 2. 충돌(衝突) 3. 갈등(葛藤)	The characters resolve their conflict by speaking honestly.
200	equivalent	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 동등하다 2. 대등	Two quarters are equivalent to one half.

Page 8 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 8.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The island's seabird ___ increased after nesting areas were protected.

Answer: population

2. The ___ box collapsed under the heavy books.

Answer: flimsy

3. The encyclopedia is a valuable ___ for the research project.

Answer: resource

4. ___ winds carried the sailboat toward the harbor.

Answer: favorable

5. Tomato plants ___ in warm sunlight.

Answer: thrive

Page 9: words 201–225

Vocabulary page 9
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
201	likely	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	~할 것 같은	Dark clouds make rain likely this afternoon.
202	vital	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	중요하다	Oxygen is vital for human survival.
203	claim	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 주장(主張) 2. 클레임 3. 주장	The writer supports each claim with facts from reliable sources.
204	context	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 문맥 2. 맥락	The context shows that “bank” refers to the side of a river.
205	debris	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 잔해(殘骸) 2. 잔해	Workers cleared storm debris from the road.
206	eerie	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 오싹한 2. 기괴한	An eerie howl echoed through the empty valley.
207	graphic	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 그림으로 된 2. 시각적인	The graphic novel combines dialogue with illustrated panels.
208	investigate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	조사하다	Detectives investigate the footprints beside the broken window.
209	irregular	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	불규칙하다	The stone has an irregular shape with five uneven sides.
210	rustle	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 부스럭거리다 2. 바스락거리다	A rabbit made the grass rustle beside the path.
211	scrawny	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	앙상하다	The scrawny kitten grew stronger after several weeks of care.
212	wage	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 임금(賃金) 2. 급료(給料) 3. 봉급(俸給)	The farm pays each worker an hourly wage.
213	affect	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 영향을 미치다 2. 변화를 주다	A long drought can affect the price of vegetables.
214	despair	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 절망(絶望) 2. 절망 3. 낙담	The stranded sailors felt despair when the radio stopped working.
215	external	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	외부-의	The turtle's external shell protects its body.
216	gleam	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 희미하게 빛나다 2. 반짝이다	Wet stones gleam in the morning sun.
217	internal	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	내부	The mechanic inspected the engine's internal parts.
218	peril	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	위험	The climbers faced peril when the ice began to crack.
219	restrict	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	제한하다	Park rules restrict campfires during dry weather.
220	secure	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 단단히 묶다 2. 고정하다	Use strong rope to secure the canoe to the dock.
221	summary	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 요약 2. 약식 3. 초록	Her summary included the article's central point and key evidence.
222	coax	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	어르다	We used a treat to coax the frightened dog out from under the porch.
223	enhance	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	향상시키다	A labeled map can enhance the report.
224	familiar	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 낯익다 2. 익숙하다	The familiar song reminded him of summer camp.
225	ferocious	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	사납다	Ferocious winds tore branches from the trees.

Page 9 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 9.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The turtle's ___ shell protects its body.

Answer: external

2. The writer supports each ___ with facts from reliable sources.

Answer: claim

3. Wet stones ___ in the morning sun.

Answer: gleam

4. The ___ shows that “bank” refers to the side of a river.

Answer: context

5. The mechanic inspected the engine's ___ parts.

Answer: internal

Page 10: words 226–250

Vocabulary page 10
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
226	murky	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 탁한 2. 흐린	The pond water became murky after the storm.
227	restrain	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	제지하다	A leash helps restrain a dog near a busy road.
228	sorrowful	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	슬프다	The sorrowful ending left many readers in tears.
229	sympathy	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 공감 2. 동정 3. 조의	We expressed sympathy to the family after their loss.
230	grim	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	험악하다	The rescue team faced grim conditions in the flooded valley.
231	erupt	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 분출하다 2. 폭발하다	A volcano may erupt after pressure builds below the surface.
232	insist	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	주장-하다	The guide will insist that everyone wear a helmet.
233	sneer	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	비꼬다	The villain began to sneer at the hero's simple plan.
234	tuft	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	술	A white tuft of fur clung to the fence.
235	unravel	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	풀다	The detective used the diary to unravel the mystery.
236	envious	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	부럽다	Leo felt envious of his friend's new bicycle.
237	influence	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 영향력 2. 영향	The coach's encouragement had a positive influence on the team.
238	prohibit	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	금하다	The signs prohibit swimming near the waterfall.
239	pry	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. 비집어 열다 2. 지렛대로 열다	We used a flat tool to pry the lid from the paint can.
240	regret	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	후회하다	I regret leaving the seedlings outside during the frost.
241	wring	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 쥐어짜다 2. 비틀다	Wring the wet cloth over the sink before hanging it.
242	confide	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	비밀을 털어놓다	Mara chose to confide her worry to a close friend.
243	dread	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 두려워하다 2. 몹시 걱정하다	Some passengers dread flying during storms.
244	glimpse	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	일견	We caught a glimpse of the fox before it vanished.
245	glisten	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 반짝이다 2. 윤이 나다	Drops of rain glisten on the spiderweb.
246	isolate	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	격리하다	Scientists isolate the sick plant to protect the healthy ones.
247	option	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 선택(選擇) 2. 옵션 3. 선택지(選擇肢)	Taking the bus is an option when the road is icy.
248	smirk	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	능글맞게 웃다	The bully began to smirk after hiding the missing notebook.
249	affection	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 정감 2. 애정 3. 연정	The dog showed affection by resting its head on Mina's knee.
250	empathy	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 공감능력 2. 공감 3. 감응	Reading the refugee's diary helped students develop empathy.

An Honest Apology

Reading practice for pages 10–12. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

After spilling paint on a friend’s poster, Luis feels deep regret. He begins to wring the stained paper, but that only tears it. Looking sorrowful, he chooses to confide in his teacher. She shows sympathy and helps both students make a repair.

Korean translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. Why does Luis feel regret?

Luis spilled paint on a friend's poster.

2. Why should he not wring the paper?

Wringing the paper tears it.

3. In whom does Luis confide?

Luis confides in his teacher.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. I ___ leaving the seedlings outside during the frost.

Answer: regret

2. The ___ ending left many readers in tears.

Answer: sorrowful

3. ___ the wet cloth over the sink before hanging it.

Answer: wring

4. We expressed ___ to the family after their loss.

Answer: sympathy

5. Mara chose to ___ her worry to a close friend.

Answer: confide

Page 11: words 251–275

Vocabulary page 11
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
251	integrity	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 지조 2. 절개 3. 청렴	Returning the extra change showed Carlos's integrity.
252	patience	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 인내심 2. 참을성 3. 인내	Growing a garden requires patience because seeds develop slowly.
253	responsibility	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 책임 2. 담당	Feeding the class fish is Hana's responsibility this week.
254	cooperation	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 협력(協力) 2. 협조(協助) 3. 합작(合作)	The heavy table was moved safely through cooperation.
255	determination	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 결정 2. 결심 3. 결의	Her determination helped her finish the steep climb.
256	curiosity	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 호기심 2. 궁금증	Curiosity led the children to examine the unusual shell.
257	fairness	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 형평 2. 공평 3. 공정	The referee's fairness earned respect from both teams.
258	loyalty	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 충성(忠誠) 2. 충성 3. 충성심	The guide praised the dog's loyalty to its owner.
259	gratitude	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 고마움 2. 감사	We wrote notes of gratitude to the volunteers.
260	tolerance	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 용인 2. 용납 3. 포용	A respectful community practices tolerance toward different traditions.
261	perseverance	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 정진 2. 끈기 3. 인내	Solving the complicated puzzle required perseverance.
262	frustration	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 좌절 2. 좌절감	Repeated computer errors caused understandable frustration.
263	disappointment	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 실망 2. 실망감	The canceled trip brought disappointment to the campers.
264	enthusiasm	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 열광(熱狂) 2. 열정(熱情) 3. 열의(熱意)	Her enthusiasm for astronomy inspired the whole club.
265	embarrassment	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 창피 2. 부끄러움 3. 무안	He laughed at his embarrassment after realizing his shirt was backward.
266	hesitation	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 주춤 2. 주저 3. 망설임	After a moment of hesitation, Priya stepped onto the stage.
267	jealousy	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 부러움 2. 샘 3. 질투	Jealousy made the character ignore her friend's success.
268	loneliness	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 허전 2. 외로움 3. 고독	Joining the club helped ease his loneliness.
269	relief	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 안도 2. 안도감 3. 다행	We felt relief when the lost hikers returned safely.
270	resentment	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 원망 2. 울분 3. 원한	Unequal chores created resentment between the roommates.
271	satisfaction	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 만족 2. 충족 3. 만족감	Completing the mural gave the artists great satisfaction.
272	considerate	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	사려 깊은	It was considerate of Mae to lower her voice near the sleeping baby.
273	courageous	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	용기 있는	The courageous witness told the truth despite feeling afraid.
274	deceitful	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	기만적인	The deceitful merchant hid the crack beneath a label.
275	determined	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	단호한	The determined runner continued through the heavy rain.

Page 11 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 11.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Feeding the class fish is Hana's ___ this week.

Answer: responsibility

2. After a moment of ___, Priya stepped onto the stage.

Answer: hesitation

3. The heavy table was moved safely through ___.

Answer: cooperation

4. ___ made the character ignore her friend's success.

Answer: jealousy

5. Her ___ helped her finish the steep climb.

Answer: determination

Page 12: words 276–300

Vocabulary page 12
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
276	dishonest	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	부정직하다	The dishonest player secretly changed the score.
277	enthusiastic	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 열광적인 2. 열성의	The enthusiastic volunteers arrived early with extra supplies.
278	impatient	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 참을성 없는 2. 조급한	The impatient customer kept checking the clock.
279	respectful	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	공손-한	A respectful listener does not interrupt.
280	selfish	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 이기적인 2. 자기중심적인	The selfish character kept all the food for himself.
281	thoughtful	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 사려 깊은 2. 생각이 깊은	Her thoughtful question helped the speaker explain the issue.
282	cautious	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 조심스럽다 2. 신중하다 3. 신중	The cautious climber tested each handhold.
283	cooperative	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 협조적인 2. 협동하는	The cooperative group divided the research tasks fairly.
284	decisive	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 결단력 있는 2. 단호한	The decisive captain changed course before the storm arrived.
285	devoted	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 헌신적인 2. 정성을 다하는	The devoted nurse checked on every patient.
286	embarrassed	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	부끄럽다	Kai felt embarrassed after calling the teacher by the wrong name.
287	encouraging	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	격려하는	The coach's encouraging words helped the team recover.
288	forgiving	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 너그럽게 용서하는 2. 관대한	Her forgiving response allowed the friends to begin again.
289	resourceful	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	수완이 풍부한	The resourceful campers repaired the strap with cord and tape.
290	selfless	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 이타적(利他的) 2. 리타적(利他的) 3. 사심 없다	The selfless volunteer gave her seat to the tired passenger.
291	trustworthy	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	신뢰할 수 있는	A trustworthy guide admits when a route is uncertain.
292	polite	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 공손한 2. 예의 바른	The polite guest thanked the host before leaving.
293	arrogant	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 거만하다 2. 건방진 3. 건방지다	The arrogant champion refused to congratulate the other team.
294	compassionate	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	인정 많은	The compassionate doctor listened carefully to the frightened child.
295	demanding	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 힘든 2. 많은 노력이 필요한	Training for the long race was demanding.
296	gloomy	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 침울한 2. 어두운	The gray sky gave the empty street a gloomy appearance.
297	guilty	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	유죄의	The guilty child admitted breaking the vase.
298	jealous	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	부럽다	Nia felt jealous when her friend won the solo.
299	miserable	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 비참한 2. 몹시 괴로운	The soaked hikers felt miserable in the cold wind.
300	optimistic	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 낙천적인 2. 낙관적인	The optimistic gardener believed the damaged plants would recover.

Page 12 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 12.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The ___ customer kept checking the clock.

Answer: impatient

2. A ___ guide admits when a route is uncertain.

Answer: trustworthy

3. A ___ listener does not interrupt.

Answer: respectful

4. The ___ guest thanked the host before leaving.

Answer: polite

5. The ___ character kept all the food for himself.

Answer: selfish

Page 13: words 301–325

Vocabulary page 13
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
301	pessimistic	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	비관적	The pessimistic sailor doubted that the wind would improve.
302	reluctant	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. 꺼리는 2. 마지못한	The reluctant puppy stopped at the edge of the water.
303	sincere	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	진솔하다	Her sincere apology helped repair the friendship.
304	adaptation	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 적응 2. 순응 3. 순화	A camel's ability to conserve water is an adaptation to desert life.
305	organism	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 생물(生物) 2. 유기체(有機體) 3. 생물체(生物體)	Every organism in the pond depends on water.
306	habitat	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 서식지(棲息地) 2. 서식지 3. 서식	The marsh provides a habitat for frogs and herons.
307	ecosystem	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 생태계(生態系) 2. 생태계 3. 생태	Removing one species can affect the entire ecosystem.
308	species	nounGrade 5 science word	종	The island supports a rare species of lizard.
309	community	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 커뮤니티 2. 공동체 3. 군락	The reef community includes coral, fish, and algae.
310	consumer	nounGrade 5 science word	소비자	A rabbit is a consumer that feeds on plants.
311	decomposer	nounGrade 5 science word	분해자	A mushroom acts as a decomposer on the forest floor.
312	producer	nounGrade 5 science word	생산자	Grass is a producer that uses sunlight to make food.
313	nutrient	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 영양소(營養素) 2. 영양소 3. 양분	Iron is a nutrient that helps blood carry oxygen.
314	photosynthesis	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 광합성(光合成) 2. 광합성	During photosynthesis, leaves release oxygen.
315	respiration	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 호흡 2. 세포 호흡	Cellular respiration provides energy for growth and movement.
316	germination	nounGrade 5 science word	발아	Warm soil and water encourage germination.
317	pollination	nounGrade 5 science word	수분	Bees help with pollination as they visit flowers.
318	reproduction	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 번식 2. 생식	Flowering plants use seeds for reproduction.
319	inherited	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	물려받은	Eye color is an inherited trait.
320	instinct	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 본능 2. 본성	Migration is an instinct in many bird species.
321	behavior	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 행위(行爲) 2. 행동(行動) 3. 거동(擧動)	The scientist recorded the penguin's feeding behavior.
322	cell	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 세포(細胞) 2. 셀 3. 세포	A microscope can reveal the structure of a plant cell.
323	tissue	nounGrade 5 science word	조직	Muscle tissue contracts to move the body.
324	organ	nounGrade 5 science word	기관	The heart is an organ that pumps blood.
325	system	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 체계(體系) 2. 제도(制度) 3. 계통(系統)	The digestive system breaks food into usable nutrients.

A Reluctant Scientist

Reading practice for pages 13–15. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

Mina is reluctant to present her beetle model because she feels pessimistic about it. Her partner gives sincere encouragement. Together they explain how each adaptation helps the organism survive in a dry habitat.

Korean translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. Why is Mina reluctant to present?

Mina doubts the quality of her model.

2. What does her partner offer?

Her partner offers sincere encouragement.

3. What do the adaptations help the organism do?

They help the organism survive.

Page 14: words 326–350

Vocabulary page 14
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
326	skeleton	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 골격 2. 뼈대	A whale's skeleton contains bones shaped like those in other mammals.
327	muscle	nounGrade 5 science word	근육	The heart is a powerful muscle.
328	circulation	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 순환 2. 혈액 순환	Exercise can increase blood circulation.
329	digestion	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 소화(消化) 2. 소화	Digestion begins when food is chewed.
330	microorganism	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 미생물(微生物) 2. 미생물	Some kinds of microorganism help produce yogurt.
331	bacteria	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 세균 2. 박테리아	Helpful bacteria live in healthy soil.
332	virus	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 바이러스 2. 병독(病毒) 3. 비루스	A virus can spread through cough droplets.
333	fungus	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 곰팡이 2. 균	The damp log was covered by a pale fungus.
334	parasite	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 기생충(寄生蟲) 2. 기생물(寄生物) 3. 기생식물(寄生植物)	A tick is a parasite that feeds on an animal's blood.
335	immunity	nounGrade 5 science word	면역	Vaccination can help the body develop immunity.
336	vaccine	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 백신 2. 두묘(痘苗)	The vaccine reduced the spread of the illness.
337	infection	nounGrade 5 science word	감염	The doctor treated the cut to prevent infection.
338	symptom	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 증상(症狀) 2. 증후(症候) 3. 징후	A high fever can be a symptom of infection.
339	treatment	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 치료(治療) 2. 주치 3. 치료	Rest was part of the recommended treatment.
340	recover	verbGrade 5 science word	1. 회복하다 2. 나아지다	The injured bird may recover after several weeks of care.
341	contagious	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	전염성(傳染性)-의	The contagious illness moved quickly through the crowded camp.
342	hygiene	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 위생(衛生) 2. 위생	Good hand hygiene helps prevent infection.
343	molecule	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 분자(分子) 2. 분자	A water molecule contains hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
344	atom	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 원자(原子) 2. 아톰 3. 원자	An atom contains a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
345	element	nounGrade 5 science word	원소	Oxygen is an element found in air and water.
346	compound	nounGrade 5 science word	화합물	Water is a compound made from hydrogen and oxygen.
347	mixture	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 혼합 2. 믹스 3. 혼합물	Trail mix is a mixture whose ingredients remain separate.
348	dissolve	verbGrade 5 science word	1. 녹다 2. 용해되다	Salt will dissolve more quickly in warm water.
349	chemical	nounGrade 5 science word	화학 물질	The label identifies each chemical in the cleaning solution.
350	mineral	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 광물 2. 미네랄	Quartz is a common mineral in Earth's crust.

Page 15: words 351–375

Vocabulary page 15
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
351	mass	nounGrade 5 science word	질량	The balance measures the rock's mass in grams.
352	volume	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 부피 2. 체적	We found the box's volume by multiplying its length, width, and height.
353	density	nounGrade 5 science word	밀도	Oil floats because its density is lower than water's.
354	energy	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 에너지 2. 기운 3. 기	Food provides energy for the body.
355	force	nounGrade 5 science word	힘	The force of the kick sent the ball across the field.
356	motion	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 모션 2. 움직임	The camera recorded the cart's motion down the ramp.
357	friction	nounGrade 5 science word	마찰	Friction between the tires and road helps the bicycle stop.
358	magnetism	nounGrade 5 science word	자성	Magnetism pulled the iron paper clips toward the bar.
359	electricity	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 전기 2. 전력	The wind turbine generates electricity.
360	circuit	nounGrade 5 science word	회로	The bulb lights when the circuit is closed.
361	conductor	nounGrade 5 science word	도체	Copper is a good conductor of electricity.
362	insulator	nounGrade 5 science word	절연체	Rubber is an insulator used around electric wires.
363	reflection	nounGrade 5 science word	반사	The mirror formed an image through reflection.
364	refraction	nounGrade 5 science word	굴절	Refraction makes the straw appear bent in water.
365	vibration	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 진동 2. 떨림	The string's vibration produces a musical sound.
366	frequency	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 진동수 2. 횟수 3. 주파수	A higher sound frequency produces a higher pitch.
367	wavelength	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 파장(波長) 2. 파장	Red light has a longer wavelength than violet light.
368	spectrum	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 분광(分光) 2. 스펙트럼	A prism separates white light into a spectrum.
369	transparent	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	1. 투명한 2. 투명하다	The transparent glass revealed the fish inside the tank.
370	translucent	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	반투명(半透明)한	The translucent curtain softened the sunlight.
371	opaque	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	불투명하다	The opaque wall blocked all light from the next room.
372	solid	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 고체(固體) 2. 솔리드 3. 고체	Ice is the solid form of water.
373	liquid	nounGrade 5 science word	액체	A liquid takes the shape of its container.
374	state	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 상태 2. 물질의 상태	Heating can change water from a liquid state to a gas.
375	evaporation	nounGrade 5 science word	증발	Evaporation slowly dried the puddle.

Page 16: words 376–400

Vocabulary page 16
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
376	condensation	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 응결 2. 응축	Condensation formed droplets on the cold glass.
377	precipitation	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 강수(降水) 2. 강수량(降水量) 3. 강수	The forecast predicts heavy precipitation overnight.
378	humidity	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 습도(濕度) 2. 습도 3. 습기	High humidity made the warm day feel uncomfortable.
379	atmosphere	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 대기 2. 대기권	Earth's atmosphere contains the oxygen people breathe.
380	weathering	nounGrade 5 science word	풍화	Repeated freezing and thawing cause weathering.
381	erosion	nounGrade 5 science word	침식	Tree roots can slow erosion on a steep slope.
382	sediment	nounGrade 5 science word	앙금	The river left a layer of sediment along its banks.
383	fossil	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 화석(化石) 2. 화석	The rock contained a fossil of a small shell.
384	glacier	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 빙하(氷河) 2. 빙하	The glacier carved a wide valley as it moved.
385	earthquake	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 지진(地震) 2. 지진 3. 강진	The earthquake damaged buildings near the fault.
386	fault	nounGrade 5 science word	단층	Pressure built along the fault before the earthquake.
387	tectonic	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	지각의	Tectonic plates move only a few centimeters each year.
388	volcano	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 화산 2. 활화산	The volcano released steam from its summit.
389	canyon	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 협곡(峽谷) 2. 캐년 3. 협곡	The river flows along the bottom of the canyon.
390	plateau	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 고원(高原) 2. 고원	The village sits on a plateau above the valley.
391	delta	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 삼각주(三角洲) 2. 델타	The river formed a fertile delta beside the sea.
392	basin	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 유역 2. 집수역	Rain from the entire basin flows toward the main river.
393	renewable	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	재생 가능	Sunlight is a renewable source of energy.
394	nonrenewable	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	재생 불가능	Coal is a nonrenewable resource.
395	conservation	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 보존 2. 보전	Water conservation becomes especially important during drought.
396	pollution	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 오염(汚染) 2. 오염 3. 공해	Air pollution can make breathing difficult.
397	environment	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 환경(環境) 2. 환경 3. 자연환경	Plastic waste harms the ocean environment.
398	recycle	verbGrade 5 science word	재활용하다	The factory can recycle old glass into new bottles.
399	biodegradable	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	생분해성	Leaves are biodegradable and can become compost.
400	sustainable	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	지속 가능한	The farm uses sustainable methods to protect the soil.

Water in the Air

Reading practice for pages 16–18. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

Warm water raises the humidity inside a sealed jar. Water vapor enters the cooler upper atmosphere of the jar, where condensation forms droplets. When the drops fall like precipitation, they strike a sugar cube and slowly model weathering.

Korean translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What raises the humidity?

Warm water raises the humidity.

2. Where does condensation form?

Condensation forms near the cooler top of the jar.

3. What process does the sugar cube model?

The sugar cube models weathering.

Page 17: words 401–425

Vocabulary page 17
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
401	agriculture	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 농업(農業) 2. 농사(農事) 3. 농업	Agriculture provides food and materials for communities.
402	irrigation	nounGrade 5 science word	1. 관개 2. 관개 시설	Drip irrigation carries water directly to plant roots.
403	fraction	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	분수	The shaded fraction of the circle is three fourths.
404	decimal	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	소수	The decimal 0.5 represents one half.
405	percentage	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 퍼센트 2. 백분율	The percentage of blue marbles is sixty because sixty out of every hundred are blue.
406	ratio	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 비 2. 비율 3. 비례	The ratio of red beads to blue beads is two to three.
407	proportion	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 비율 2. 비례 3. 률	We used a proportion to find the missing map distance.
408	numerator	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	분자	In three fifths, three is the numerator.
409	denominator	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	분모	In three fifths, five is the denominator.
410	product	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 적(積) 2. 곱 3. 소산	The product of six and seven is forty-two.
411	quotient	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	몫	The quotient of forty and eight is five.
412	remainder	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 나머지 2. 잔여 3. 남음	Seventeen divided by five has a remainder of two.
413	multiple	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	배수	Thirty is a multiple of both five and six.
414	prime	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 소수인 2. 소수(素數)에 해당하는	Seven is a prime number because only one and seven divide it evenly.
415	composite	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 합성수의 2. 합성수인	Twelve is a composite number with several factor pairs.
416	divisible	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	나눌 수 있는	Thirty-six is divisible by nine.
417	divisor	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 약수(約數) 2. 약수 3. 제수	In twenty divided by four, four is the divisor.
418	exponent	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	지수	In three squared, the exponent is two.
419	squared	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	제곱	Five squared equals twenty-five.
420	cubed	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 세제곱한 2. 세제곱의	Two cubed equals eight.
421	operation	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	연산	Choose the correct operation before solving the problem.
422	expression	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 수식 2. 식	The expression six plus four has a value of ten.
423	coordinate	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	좌표(座標)	The first coordinate tells how far to move horizontally.
424	axis	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 축 2. 주축	The horizontal axis shows time in minutes.
425	graph	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 그래프 2. 차트 3. 도표	The graph shows how temperature changed during the day.

Page 18: words 426–450

Vocabulary page 18
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
426	ordered	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 순서가 정해진 2. 정렬된	An ordered pair lists the horizontal coordinate first.
427	quadrant	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	사분면	The point is located in the first quadrant.
428	polygon	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	다각형(多角形)	A hexagon is a polygon with six sides.
429	angle	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 각 2. 각도	A right angle measures ninety degrees.
430	vertex	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 정점(頂點) 2. 정점	The top vertex joins the triangle's two sloping sides.
431	parallel	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	평행-의	Opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel.
432	perpendicular	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	수직의	The vertical post is perpendicular to the ground.
433	triangle	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 삼각(三角) 2. 삼각형(三角形) 3. 세모	The triangle has one right angle.
434	rectangle	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	직사각형	The classroom floor forms a rectangle.
435	rhombus	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	마름모	The tilted tile is a rhombus rather than a square.
436	trapezoid	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	사다리꼴	The bridge support forms a trapezoid.
437	circumference	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 원주(圓周) 2. 둘레 3. 주위	We wrapped string around the lid to measure its circumference.
438	diameter	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 지름 2. 직경	The plate's diameter is twice its radius.
439	radius	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 반지름 2. 반경	The compass was set to a radius of five centimeters.
440	area	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	면적	Multiply length by width to find a rectangle's area.
441	perimeter	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 둘레 2. 주위(周圍)	Add all four side lengths to find the garden's perimeter.
442	symmetry	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 대칭성 2. 대칭	The butterfly's wings show approximate symmetry.
443	median	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	중앙값	The median of three, five, and nine is five.
444	mode	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	최빈값	The mode of two, three, three, and five is three.
445	range	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 레인지 2. 폭 3. 범위	The range of four, seven, and twelve is eight.
446	data	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 데이터 2. 자료	We recorded the rainfall data in a table.
447	sample	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 샘플 2. 표본 3. 견본	The survey used a sample of fifty residents.
448	probability	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 확률(確率) 2. 가능성(可能性) 3. 개연성(蓋然性)	The probability of rolling an even number is one half.
449	possible	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	가능하다	Rolling a six is possible with a standard number cube.
450	impossible	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	불가능하다	It is impossible to roll a seven on a standard six-sided number cube.

Page 19: words 451–475

Vocabulary page 19
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
451	event	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	사건	Drawing a red marble is the event we are studying.
452	estimate	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. 추정치 2. 어림값	Our estimate placed the crowd at about five hundred people.
453	government	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 정부 2. 통치 체제	The local government maintains roads and parks.
454	democracy	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 민주주의(民主主義) 2. 데모크라시 3. 민주(民主)	In a democracy, citizens vote in elections.
455	republic	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 리퍼블릭 2. 공화국 3. 공화	The constitution established the nation as a republic.
456	constitution	nounGrade 5 social studies word	헌법	The constitution describes the powers of each branch.
457	citizen	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 국민(國民) 2. 국인 3. 시민	Every citizen may contact elected representatives.
458	citizenship	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 시민권(市民權) 2. 국적(國籍) 3. 공민권(公民權)	Responsible citizenship includes learning about public issues.
459	rights	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 권리 2. 권익 3. 인권	The law protects the rights of every voter.
460	duty	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 의무 2. 책무	Serving on a jury can be a citizen's duty.
461	justice	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 정의(正義) 2. 공정(公正) 3. 공평(公平)	The court seeks justice by examining evidence carefully.
462	authority	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 권력(權力) 2. 권능(權能) 3. 권한	The city council has authority over local zoning.
463	legislature	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 입법부(立法府) 2. 립법부(立法府)	The state legislature debated the education bill.
464	executive	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	1. 행정부의 2. 집행을 담당하는	The executive branch enforces federal laws.
465	judicial	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	사법의	The judicial branch decides how laws apply to cases.
466	congress	nounGrade 5 social studies word	의회(議會)	Congress considered a bill about national parks.
467	court	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 법원(法院) 2. 재판소(裁判所) 3. 법정(法廷)	The court listened to witnesses before reaching a decision.
468	amendment	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 개정(改正) 2. 개정 3. 수정안	The amendment added a new protection to the constitution.
469	federal	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	1. 연방의 2. 연방 정부의	Federal law applies throughout the country.
470	regional	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	1. 지역의 2. 권역의	The regional train connects several nearby cities.
471	municipal	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	1. 시립의 2. 도시의	The municipal library is funded by the city.
472	policy	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 방침 2. 시책	The school adopted a policy for reducing food waste.
473	economy	nounGrade 5 social studies word	경제	Tourism supports the island's economy.
474	economic	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	경제-의	The new harbor created economic opportunities.
475	trade	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 교환(交換) 2. 트레이드 3. 무역	River routes allowed trade between distant communities.

Estimating an Election

Reading practice for pages 19–20. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

A mock election is the final event in civics week. Students estimate the turnout before voting for representatives. The activity shows how democracy works in a republic, where citizens choose people to serve in government.

Korean translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What event ends civics week?

A mock election ends civics week.

2. What do students estimate?

They estimate voter turnout.

3. How are democracy and a republic connected?

Citizens in the republic elect representatives to government.

Page 20: words 476–500

Vocabulary page 20
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
476	commerce	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 무역(貿易) 2. 교역(交易) 3. 상업(商業)	The port became a center of international commerce.
477	import	verbGrade 5 social studies word	1. 수입하다 2. 들여오다 3. 불러오다	The country must import fruit during the cold season.
478	export	verbGrade 5 social studies word	1. 수출(輸出)하다 2. 내보내다	Local farms export coffee to markets overseas.
479	supply	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 공급량 2. 비축량	Heavy rain increased the city's water supply.
480	demand	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 수요(需要) 2. 수요 3. 요구	Demand for warm coats rises in winter.
481	scarcity	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 부족 2. 희소성	Water scarcity forced the town to limit outdoor use.
482	budget	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 예산(豫算) 2. 예산 3. 책정	The club created a budget before ordering supplies.
483	income	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 소득 2. 수입	Part of her summer income went into savings.
484	expense	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 비용 2. 소요 3. 사비	Rent was the family's largest monthly expense.
485	profit	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 이윤 2. 이익 3. 수익	The bakery used its profit to buy a larger oven.
486	goods	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 상품(商品) 2. 물품(物品) 3. 물건(物件)	The train carried goods from inland factories to the port.
487	service	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 서비스 2. 공공 서비스	Bus transportation is a public service.
488	currency	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 통화(通貨) 2. 화폐(貨幣) 3. 통화	Travelers exchanged their currency before the trip.
489	tax	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 세금(稅金) 2. 세(稅) 3. 조세(租稅)	The sales tax helps fund local services.
490	labor	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 노동 2. 근로	Building the stone wall required many hours of labor.
491	industry	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 산업 2. 어업	Fishing is an important industry in the coastal region.
492	entrepreneur	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 기업가(企業家) 2. 기업인(企業人) 3. 사업가(事業家)	The young entrepreneur opened a bicycle repair shop.
493	colony	nounGrade 5 social studies word	식민지	The distant colony sent raw materials to the ruling nation.
494	colonist	nounGrade 5 social studies word	개척자	Each colonist had to build shelter before winter.
495	settlement	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 정착지 2. 취락	The settlement grew beside a reliable water source.
496	independence	nounGrade 5 social studies word	독립	The nation declared independence after years of conflict.
497	revolution	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 혁명(革命) 2. 혁명 3. 레볼루션	The revolution ended the monarch's rule.
498	treaty	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 조약(條約) 2. 협정(協定) 3. 협약(協約)	The treaty established a peaceful border.
499	alliance	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 얼라이언스 2. 제휴 3. 동맹	The two nations formed an alliance for mutual defense.
500	territory	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. 영토(領土) 2. 령토(領土) 3. 국토	The map shows the territory governed by the northern kingdom.

Sources and curriculum references

These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.