English Vocabulary · Grade 5 Live Review Preview

5th Grade Vocabulary Words

Fifth-grade readers use increasingly precise vocabulary to compare sources, explain evidence, interpret literature, and learn independently across science, mathematics, and social studies. The curriculum emphasizes context clues, meaningful word parts, parts of speech, and language that strengthens both discussion and writing.

This independently authored 500-word beta curriculum is arranged in twenty pages of twenty-five words each. Words 1–300 include five cloze questions per page; words 301–500 remain fully visible and editable as list pages while the expanded practice layer is developed. References calibrated level and coverage only; all learner-facing definitions and sample sentences are original KSSR copy.

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Complete text list

All 500 words are included below as ordinary HTML. This view does not require JavaScript.

Page 1: words 1–25

Vocabulary page 1
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
1	accomplish	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. completare 2. trascorrere 3. compiere	Careful planning helped the volunteers accomplish their goal before sunset.
2	achievement	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. realizzazione 2. prestazione 3. conseguimento	Finishing her first long novel was a proud achievement for Lena.
3	adapt	verbGrade 5 academic word	adattarsi	Desert plants adapt to dry conditions by storing water.
4	adequate	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	adeguato	The hikers carried an adequate supply of water for the afternoon.
5	allocate	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. stanziare 2. assegnare	The council will allocate part of the budget to playground repairs.
6	alternate	verbGrade 5 academic word	alternare	We alternate between reading silently and discussing the chapter.
7	anticipate	verbGrade 5 academic word	prevedere	Farmers anticipate frost when the temperature drops sharply.
8	appeal	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. ricorso 2. appello	The mystery's unexpected ending added to its appeal.
9	assign	verbGrade 5 academic word	assegnare	The director will assign each actor a role in the play.
10	category	nounGrade 5 academic word	categoria	Place each rock in a category based on how it formed.
11	combine	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. combinare 2. mischiare 3. unire	We combine flour and water to make the dough.
12	complex	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. complicato 2. complesso	The complex machine uses dozens of gears to keep time.
13	concept	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. concetto 2. ipotesi	The model helped us understand the concept of gravity.
14	consequence	nounGrade 5 academic word	conseguenza	One consequence of the drought was a smaller wheat harvest.
15	construct	verbGrade 5 academic word	costruire	The engineers will construct a footbridge across the creek.
16	contrast	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. contrasto 2. diversità	The essay will contrast life in a village with life in a large city.
17	deliberate	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. intenzionale 2. premeditato 3. voluto	Her deliberate choice of strong evidence improved the argument.
18	dependable	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. affidabile 2. fermo	The dependable bus arrives at the same time each morning.
19	determine	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. determinare 2. stabilire	The test will determine whether the water is safe to drink.
20	distinguish	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. distinguere 2. discernere	The field guide helps readers distinguish hawks from falcons.
21	diverse	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. vario 2. diverso 3. svariato	A diverse forest contains plants of many sizes and species.
22	efficient	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. efficiente 2. performante	The efficient oven uses less electricity while cooking food evenly.
23	elaborate	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. elaborato 2. dettagliato	The parade featured an elaborate float covered with paper flowers.
24	encounter	verbGrade 5 academic word	incontro	Hikers may encounter deer near the meadow at dawn.
25	establish	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. stabilire 2. instaurare 3. confermare	Residents hope to establish a weekly farmers' market.

Building a Rain Garden

Reading practice for pages 1–3. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

The garden club studies the concept of collecting rainwater. Members construct a shallow basin beside the playground and plant grasses in it. If they accomplish their plan, less water will flood the path. That consequence will make their achievement useful to the whole school.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What concept does the club study?

The club studies collecting rainwater.

2. What do members construct?

They construct a shallow planted basin.

3. What consequence do they expect?

They expect less water to flood the path.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The model helped us understand the ___ of gravity.

Answer: concept

2. Careful planning helped the volunteers ___ their goal before sunset.

Answer: accomplish

3. One ___ of the drought was a smaller wheat harvest.

Answer: consequence

4. Finishing her first long novel was a proud ___ for Lena.

Answer: achievement

5. The engineers will ___ a footbridge across the creek.

Answer: construct

Page 2: words 26–50

Vocabulary page 2
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
26	evaluate	verbGrade 5 academic word	valutare	The judges evaluate each design for strength and originality.
27	expand	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. estendere 2. espandere	The writer will expand the final paragraph with another example.
28	expectation	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. attesa 2. aspettativa	Our expectation of clear skies changed when thunder began.
29	factor	nounGrade 5 academic word	fattore	Daily sunlight is an important factor in plant growth.
30	function	nounGrade 5 academic word	funzione	The roots' main function is to absorb water and anchor the plant.
31	illustrate	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. illustrare 2. mostrare	The diagram will illustrate how water moves through the cycle.
32	infer	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. inferire 2. dedurre 3. concludere	From the wet paw prints, we infer that the dog entered through the kitchen.
33	interpret	verbGrade 5 academic word	interpretare	Students interpret the graph by comparing the heights of its bars.
34	majority	nounGrade 5 academic word	maggioranza	A majority of the class voted for the outdoor activity.
35	motivate	verbGrade 5 academic word	motivare	A clear goal can motivate a team to keep practicing.
36	perspective	nounGrade 5 academic word	prospettiva	The diary presents the voyage from a young sailor's perspective.
37	procedure	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. procedura 2. procedimento	Follow the safety procedure before starting the experiment.
38	reaction	nounGrade 5 academic word	reazione	Maya's surprised reaction showed that she had not expected the gift.
39	refer	verbGrade 5 academic word	riferire	The directions refer readers to the map on the next page.
40	sequence	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. sequenza 2. successione	Put the pictures in sequence from seed to flowering plant.
41	significant	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. elevato 2. alto	The discovery was significant because it changed what scientists understood.
42	sufficient	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. idoneo 2. sufficiente 3. adeguato	One flashlight provided sufficient light for the small tent.
43	supportive	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	collaborativo	Her supportive teammates cheered after every attempt.
44	surroundings	nounGrade 5 academic word	ambiente	The owl's brown feathers blend with its woodland surroundings.
45	tendency	nounGrade 5 academic word	tendenza	The river has a tendency to rise after several days of rain.
46	approximate	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. approssimativo 2. approssimato	The approximate distance to the lake is three kilometers.
47	confident	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. fiducioso 2. sicuro	After rehearsing, Amir felt confident about giving his speech.
48	reliable	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. affidabile 2. sicuro	We used a reliable weather source before planning the trip.
49	require	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. richiedere 2. necessitare	The recipe will require two cups of chopped apples.
50	strategy	nounGrade 5 academic word	strategia	Checking headings first is a useful reading strategy.

Page 2 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 2.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Maya's surprised ___ showed that she had not expected the gift.

Answer: reaction

2. The judges ___ each design for strength and originality.

Answer: evaluate

3. The directions ___ readers to the map on the next page.

Answer: refer

4. The writer will ___ the final paragraph with another example.

Answer: expand

5. Put the pictures in ___ from seed to flowering plant.

Answer: sequence

Page 3: words 51–75

Vocabulary page 3
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
51	abolish	verbGrade 5 academic word	abolire	The town voted to abolish the outdated parking rule.
52	absurd	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	assurdo	The absurd rumor claimed that the tiny pond contained a whale.
53	access	nounGrade 5 academic word	accesso	A library card gives residents access to online books.
54	aggressive	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	aggressivo	The aggressive goose hissed and charged toward the fence.
55	altitude	nounGrade 5 academic word	altitudine	The air becomes thinner as altitude increases.
56	antagonist	nounGrade 5 academic word	antagonista	In the novel, the dishonest captain is the antagonist.
57	antonym	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. contrario 2. antonimo	The word “scarce” is an antonym of “abundant.”
58	anxious	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	ansioso	Dev felt anxious while waiting for news about the missing dog.
59	aroma	nounGrade 5 academic word	aroma	The warm bread filled the kitchen with a sweet aroma.
60	astound	verbGrade 5 academic word	impressionare	The magician's final illusion will astound the audience.
61	avalanche	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. valanga 2. slavina	The avalanche blocked the road through the mountain pass.
62	banquet	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. pranzo festivo 2. banchetto	The community held a banquet to honor the rescue workers.
63	beverage	nounGrade 5 academic word	bevanda	Tea was the warm beverage served after the winter walk.
64	bland	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. insipido 2. fiacco	The soup tasted bland until we added herbs.
65	blizzard	nounGrade 5 academic word	tormenta	The blizzard buried the road beneath deep snow.
66	bungle	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. abborracciare 2. pasticciare	Rushing may cause us to bungle the final measurements.
67	cautiously	adverbGrade 5 academic word	1. prudentemente 2. cautamente	The fox stepped cautiously onto the frozen pond.
68	companion	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. amico 2. compagno	The guide's faithful dog was his companion on every hike.
69	compassion	nounGrade 5 academic word	compassione	Neighbors showed compassion by bringing meals to the injured family.
70	compensate	verbGrade 5 academic word	compensare	The store will compensate customers for the damaged goods.
71	comply	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. concordare 2. adattarsi 3. conformarsi	Cyclists must comply with the trail's safety signs.
72	compose	verbGrade 5 academic word	comporre	Jada will compose a short melody for the school play.
73	convert	verbGrade 5 academic word	convertire	Solar panels convert sunlight into electrical energy.
74	courteous	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	cortese	The courteous visitor waited until the speaker finished.
75	debate	nounGrade 5 academic word	discussione	The class held a debate about protecting the empty lot.

Page 3 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 3.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The town voted to ___ the outdated parking rule.

Answer: abolish

2. The soup tasted ___ until we added herbs.

Answer: bland

3. The ___ rumor claimed that the tiny pond contained a whale.

Answer: absurd

4. The ___ buried the road beneath deep snow.

Answer: blizzard

5. A library card gives residents ___ to online books.

Answer: access

Page 4: words 76–100

Vocabulary page 4
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
76	decline	verbGrade 5 academic word	declinare	The frog population may decline if the pond dries up.
77	dedicate	verbGrade 5 academic word	inaugurare	The volunteers dedicate each Saturday to restoring the trail.
78	deprive	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. privare 2. togliere 3. sottrarre	Clouds can deprive young plants of necessary sunlight.
79	detect	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. individuare 2. rilevare	The alarm can detect smoke before flames appear.
80	dictate	verbGrade 5 academic word	dettare	The reporter will dictate notes to an assistant by phone.
81	document	verbGrade 5 academic word	documentare	Scientists document each bird sighting in a field journal.
82	duplicate	verbGrade 5 academic word	duplicare	The printer can duplicate the photograph in seconds.
83	edible	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. commestibile 2. edibile 3. edule	Only some of the berries in this forest are edible.
84	escalate	verbGrade 5 academic word	aggravare	A small disagreement can escalate when no one listens.
85	evade	verbGrade 5 academic word	evadere	The quick rabbit tried to evade the circling hawk.
86	exasperate	verbGrade 5 academic word	esasperare	Repeated interruptions can exasperate a patient speaker.
87	excavate	verbGrade 5 academic word	scavare	Archaeologists excavate the site with small tools and brushes.
88	exert	verbGrade 5 academic word	esercitare	Climbers must exert extra force on the steep slope.
89	exhibit	verbGrade 5 academic word	1. esposizione 2. mostrare	The museum will exhibit tools from the early settlement.
90	exult	verbGrade 5 academic word	esultare	Fans began to exult when the final goal secured the victory.
91	feeble	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	debole	A feeble beam of light shone through the dusty window.
92	frigid	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	gelido	Frigid air froze the puddles overnight.
93	gigantic	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. gigantesco 2. colossale	A gigantic whale surfaced beside the research boat.
94	gorge	nounGrade 5 academic word	gola	The river flows through a rocky gorge.
95	guardian	nounGrade 5 academic word	1. tutore 2. tutrice	Her guardian signed the permission form for the trip.
96	hazy	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	oscuro	The distant hills looked hazy through the morning fog.
97	hearty	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	di cuore	The hikers ate a hearty stew after the long climb.
98	homonym	nounGrade 5 academic word	omonimo	“Bat” is a homonym because it can name an animal or a piece of sports equipment.
99	identical	adjectiveGrade 5 academic word	1. monovulari 2. monozigoti 3. monozigote	The two keys looked identical, but only one opened the door.
100	illuminate	verbGrade 5 academic word	illuminare	A lantern will illuminate the dark path.

The Museum Exhibit

Reading practice for pages 4–6. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

Volunteers dedicate a new exhibit to the town’s musicians. Ticket sales decline during a snowy week, but the curator refuses to deprive families of a final viewing day. The volunteers exult when the museum fills on Saturday.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. To whom is the exhibit dedicated?

The exhibit is dedicated to the town's musicians.

2. Why do ticket sales decline?

Snowy weather causes ticket sales to decline.

3. When do volunteers exult?

They exult when the museum fills.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The frog population may ___ if the pond dries up.

Answer: decline

2. The museum will ___ tools from the early settlement.

Answer: exhibit

3. The volunteers ___ each Saturday to restoring the trail.

Answer: dedicate

4. Fans began to ___ when the final goal secured the victory.

Answer: exult

5. Clouds can ___ young plants of necessary sunlight.

Answer: deprive

Page 5: words 101–125

Vocabulary page 5
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
101	independent	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	indipendente	The independent researcher planned and completed her own investigation.
102	industrious	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. industrioso 2. laborioso	The industrious ants carried food back to their nest.
103	intense	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	intenso	The intense heat forced the runners to shorten their practice.
104	intercept	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	intercettare	The defender managed to intercept the pass.
105	jubilation	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. esultanza 2. tripudio	Jubilation filled the stadium after the unexpected victory.
106	kin	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	famiglia allargata	The young wolf remained close to its kin.
107	luxurious	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	lussuoso	The hotel offered a luxurious room overlooking the harbor.
108	major	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. significativo 2. principale 3. notevole	Repairing the bridge was a major project for the town.
109	miniature	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	miniatura	The exhibit included a miniature model of the castle.
110	minor	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	minore	A minor scratch did not affect how the machine worked.
111	mischief	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. vessatorio 2. indisponente	The puppy's mischief left muddy paw prints across the floor.
112	monarch	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	monarca	The monarch addressed the nation from the palace.
113	moral	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	morale	The fable's moral warns readers not to be greedy.
114	myth	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	mito	The ancient myth tells how the stars reached the sky.
115	narrator	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. narratore 2. narratrice	The narrator knows what every character is thinking.
116	navigate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. seguire 2. dirigere	Sailors use charts and stars to navigate across the ocean.
117	negative	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	negativo	The critic gave a negative review of the confusing performance.
118	nonchalant	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	negligente	Ravi sounded nonchalant even though the contest result mattered to him.
119	obsolete	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. obsoleto 2. in disuso	The old machine became obsolete after digital equipment arrived.
120	occasion	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	ricorrenza	The family saved the decorated dishes for a special occasion.
121	overthrow	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. rovesciare 2. deporre	The rebels hoped to overthrow the cruel ruler.
122	pardon	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	perdono	The governor may pardon a prisoner after reviewing the case.
123	pasture	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. pastura 2. pascolo	The horses grazed peacefully in the pasture.
124	pedestrian	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	pedone	The driver stopped to let a pedestrian cross the street.
125	perish	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	perire	Young seedlings may perish without water.

Page 5 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 5.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The ancient ___ tells how the stars reached the sky.

Answer: myth

2. The ___ ants carried food back to their nest.

Answer: industrious

3. The ___ knows what every character is thinking.

Answer: narrator

4. The ___ heat forced the runners to shorten their practice.

Answer: intense

5. Sailors use charts and stars to ___ across the ocean.

Answer: navigate

Page 6: words 126–150

Vocabulary page 6
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
126	petrify	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. pietrificare 2. petrificare	The sudden growl seemed to petrify the campers.
127	portable	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	portatile	We used a portable stove to cook at the campsite.
128	prefix	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	prefisso	The prefix “un-” changes “certain” to “uncertain.”
129	preserve	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. preservare 2. proteggere 3. salvaguardare	The archive works to preserve letters from the town's founders.
130	protagonist	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	protagonista	The protagonist must choose between safety and helping a friend.
131	provide	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. soddisfare 2. prevedere 3. supporre	Tall trees provide shade beside the playground.
132	purchase	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. acquistare 2. comprare	The club will purchase new art supplies with the fundraiser money.
133	realistic	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	realistico	The artist painted a realistic portrait of the old fisherman.
134	reassure	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. rassicurare 2. tranquillizzare	The guide tried to reassure us that the trail was safe.
135	reign	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	regno	The palace was expanded during the queen's reign.
136	resemble	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. rassomigliare 2. somigliare 3. assomigliare	The cloud seemed to resemble a sailing ship.
137	retain	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. conservare 2. mantenere	Dark soil can retain water longer than sand.
138	retire	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	ritirarsi	The librarian plans to retire after forty years of service.
139	revert	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. ripristinare 2. riallacciare 3. regredire	Without maintenance, the garden may revert to an overgrown field.
140	route	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. percorso 2. itinerario 3. rotta	The map shows the safest route across the mountains.
141	saunter	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. passeggiare 2. vagare 3. camminare	We watched the peacock saunter across the courtyard.
142	seldom	adverbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. raramente 2. di rado	Snow seldom falls in this warm coastal town.
143	senseless	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. senza capo né coda 2. svenuto	Damaging the new playground would be a senseless act.
144	sever	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. recidere 2. troncare 3. tagliare	The storm may sever weak branches from the tree.
145	slither	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	strisciare	A green snake began to slither through the grass.
146	sluggish	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	pesante	The lizard seemed sluggish in the cool morning air.
147	soar	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	salire alle stelle	The eagle began to soar above the canyon.
148	solitary	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	solitario	A solitary lighthouse stood on the rocky island.
149	solo	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. in solitaria 2. da solo	Mina practiced her violin solo for the concert.
150	sparse	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. sparso 2. spargolo	Only sparse grass grew on the dry hillside.

Page 6 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 6.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Without maintenance, the garden may ___ to an overgrown field.

Answer: revert

2. We used a ___ stove to cook at the campsite.

Answer: portable

3. The map shows the safest ___ across the mountains.

Answer: route

4. The ___ “un-” changes “certain” to “uncertain.”

Answer: prefix

5. We watched the peacock ___ across the courtyard.

Answer: saunter

Page 7: words 151–175

Vocabulary page 7
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
151	spurt	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	schizzare	Water began to spurt from the cracked pipe.
152	suffix	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	suffisso	The suffix “-less” changes “hope” into “hopeless.”
153	suffocate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	soffocare	Smoke can suffocate people inside a closed room.
154	summit	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. summit 2. somma 3. cima	The climbers reached the summit before noon.
155	suspend	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	appendere	Workers suspend the bridge deck from thick steel cables.
156	synonym	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	sinonimo	“Rapid” is a synonym for “quick.”
157	talon	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. branca 2. grinfia	The hawk gripped the branch with each curved talon.
158	taunt	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. scherno 2. dileggio 3. dileggiare	It is unkind to taunt a player who misses a shot.
159	thrifty	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	parsimonioso	The thrifty cook turned leftover vegetables into soup.
160	translate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	tradurre	Students will translate the short message from French into English.
161	tropical	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	tropicale	Colorful parrots live in the tropical forest.
162	visible	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	visibile	The lighthouse became visible when the fog lifted.
163	visual	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	visuale	A visual chart made the instructions easier to follow.
164	vivid	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. chiaro 2. limpido	The author used vivid details to describe the storm.
165	wilderness	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	natura	The protected wilderness contains forests, rivers, and mountains.
166	withdraw	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. interrompere 2. prendere indietro 3. rappellare	The injured runner had to withdraw from the race.
167	crucial	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	cruciale	Clean water is crucial to every community's health.
168	emerge	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. venire alla luce 2. venire fuori 3. emergere	A butterfly will emerge from the chrysalis.
169	overcome	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. superare 2. sconfiggere	With practice, Jayla began to overcome her fear of speaking.
170	perplex	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. perplimere 2. perplettere 3. sconcertare	The puzzle's missing clue continued to perplex the detectives.
171	beckon	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	accennare	The guide raised one hand to beckon us toward the entrance.
172	bestow	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. conferire 2. donare 3. elargire	The mayor will bestow a medal on the brave rescuer.
173	intently	adverbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. attentamente 2. meticolosamente 3. minuziosamente	The fox watched intently as the mouse crossed the field.
174	solemn	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	solenne	The crowd remained solemn during the memorial ceremony.
175	culture	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	cultura	Music and food are important parts of a community's culture.

A Summit in the Wilderness

Reading practice for pages 7–9. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

On a wilderness hike, Priya notices that the word fearless has a suffix. At the summit, smoke drifts from a distant fire. Because smoke can suffocate people, the guide decides to withdraw the group to a lower, clearer trail.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What word part does Priya notice?

Priya notices a suffix.

2. What appears near the summit?

Smoke from a distant fire appears.

3. Why does the guide withdraw the group?

The guide withdraws them because smoke can suffocate people.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The ___ “-less” changes “hope” into “hopeless.”

Answer: suffix

2. The protected ___ contains forests, rivers, and mountains.

Answer: wilderness

3. Smoke can ___ people inside a closed room.

Answer: suffocate

4. The injured runner had to ___ from the race.

Answer: withdraw

5. The climbers reached the ___ before noon.

Answer: summit

Page 8: words 176–200

Vocabulary page 8
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
176	infuriate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	imbestialire	Cheating in the final match would infuriate the other players.
177	population	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. popolazione 2. populazione	The island's seabird population increased after nesting areas were protected.
178	resource	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. fornire 2. dotare 3. risorsa	The encyclopedia is a valuable resource for the research project.
179	thrive	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	prosperare	Tomato plants thrive in warm sunlight.
180	assure	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. assicurare 2. garantire	The coach tried to assure the team that their preparation was strong.
181	comprehend	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. comprendere 2. capire	The timeline helped us comprehend the order of historical events.
182	exaggerate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	esagerare	Do not exaggerate the size of the fish you caught.
183	ignorant	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	ignorante	We were ignorant of the trail closure until we saw the sign.
184	trial	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. prova 2. tribolazione 3. cimento	Surviving three nights in the storm was a severe trial.
185	summon	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. chiamare 2. mandare 3. a	The captain will summon the crew when the ship is ready.
186	tolerate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. tollerare 2. sopportare 3. accettare	These plants can tolerate a few nights of cold weather.
187	vague	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	vago	The vague directions did not explain which road to take.
188	blurt	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	blaterare	Nina tried not to blurt the surprise before the party.
189	criticize	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	criticare	A helpful reviewer can criticize the argument without insulting the writer.
190	flimsy	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	sottile	The flimsy box collapsed under the heavy books.
191	favorable	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	prosperi	Favorable winds carried the sailboat toward the harbor.
192	mimic	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	arieggiare	The parrot can mimic the sound of a ringing phone.
193	ridicule	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	ridicolizzare	No student should ridicule another person's accent.
194	trait	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. caratteristica 2. tratto	Patience is a useful trait for a careful scientist.
195	utter	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. articolare 2. biascicare 3. borbottare	The startled child could barely utter a word.
196	adjust	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. adattare 2. adeguare 3. regolare	Please adjust the microscope until the image is clear.
197	approve	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	approvare	The committee must approve the plan before construction begins.
198	conduct	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. comportamento 2. condotta 3. dirigere	Researchers will conduct a survey about recycling habits.
199	conflict	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	conflitto	The characters resolve their conflict by speaking honestly.
200	equivalent	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	equivalente	Two quarters are equivalent to one half.

Page 8 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 8.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The island's seabird ___ increased after nesting areas were protected.

Answer: population

2. The ___ box collapsed under the heavy books.

Answer: flimsy

3. The encyclopedia is a valuable ___ for the research project.

Answer: resource

4. ___ winds carried the sailboat toward the harbor.

Answer: favorable

5. Tomato plants ___ in warm sunlight.

Answer: thrive

Page 9: words 201–225

Vocabulary page 9
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
201	likely	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. probabile 2. adatto	Dark clouds make rain likely this afternoon.
202	vital	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	vitale	Oxygen is vital for human survival.
203	claim	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. dichiarazione 2. affermazione 3. rivendicazione	The writer supports each claim with facts from reliable sources.
204	context	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	contesto	The context shows that “bank” refers to the side of a river.
205	debris	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. macerie 2. rovine	Workers cleared storm debris from the road.
206	eerie	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. misterioso 2. strano 3. agghiacciante	An eerie howl echoed through the empty valley.
207	graphic	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	crudo	The graphic novel combines dialogue with illustrated panels.
208	investigate	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. investigare 2. indagare	Detectives investigate the footprints beside the broken window.
209	irregular	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	irregolare	The stone has an irregular shape with five uneven sides.
210	rustle	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	crepitare	A rabbit made the grass rustle beside the path.
211	scrawny	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. macilento 2. emaciato	The scrawny kitten grew stronger after several weeks of care.
212	wage	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. salario 2. paga	The farm pays each worker an hourly wage.
213	affect	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	colpire	A long drought can affect the price of vegetables.
214	despair	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	disperazione	The stranded sailors felt despair when the radio stopped working.
215	external	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	esterno	The turtle's external shell protects its body.
216	gleam	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	brillare	Wet stones gleam in the morning sun.
217	internal	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	interno	The mechanic inspected the engine's internal parts.
218	peril	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. periglio 2. pericolo	The climbers faced peril when the ice began to crack.
219	restrict	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. restringere 2. limitare	Park rules restrict campfires during dry weather.
220	secure	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. sicuro 2. proteggere 3. assicurare	Use strong rope to secure the canoe to the dock.
221	summary	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	riassunto	Her summary included the article's central point and key evidence.
222	coax	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. coccolare 2. persuadere 3. convincere	We used a treat to coax the frightened dog out from under the porch.
223	enhance	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. migliorare 2. arricchire 3. potenziare	A labeled map can enhance the report.
224	familiar	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	familiare	The familiar song reminded him of summer camp.
225	ferocious	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	1. feroce 2. efferato 3. abominevole	Ferocious winds tore branches from the trees.

Page 9 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 9.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The turtle's ___ shell protects its body.

Answer: external

2. The writer supports each ___ with facts from reliable sources.

Answer: claim

3. Wet stones ___ in the morning sun.

Answer: gleam

4. The ___ shows that “bank” refers to the side of a river.

Answer: context

5. The mechanic inspected the engine's ___ parts.

Answer: internal

Page 10: words 226–250

Vocabulary page 10
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
226	murky	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	oscuro	The pond water became murky after the storm.
227	restrain	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. trattenere 2. sorvegliare 3. trattenersi	A leash helps restrain a dog near a busy road.
228	sorrowful	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	triste	The sorrowful ending left many readers in tears.
229	sympathy	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. compassione 2. simpatia	We expressed sympathy to the family after their loss.
230	grim	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	tenace	The rescue team faced grim conditions in the flooded valley.
231	erupt	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	eruttare	A volcano may erupt after pressure builds below the surface.
232	insist	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	insistere	The guide will insist that everyone wear a helmet.
233	sneer	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. ghignare 2. sogghignare	The villain began to sneer at the hero's simple plan.
234	tuft	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. cespo 2. ciuffo 3. ciocca	A white tuft of fur clung to the fence.
235	unravel	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. districare 2. sfilacciare 3. smagliare	The detective used the diary to unravel the mystery.
236	envious	adjectiveGrade 5 language and literature word	invidioso	Leo felt envious of his friend's new bicycle.
237	influence	nounGrade 5 language and literature word	1. influenza 2. ascendente	The coach's encouragement had a positive influence on the team.
238	prohibit	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. proibire 2. impedire 3. ostacolare	The signs prohibit swimming near the waterfall.
239	pry	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	effrarre	We used a flat tool to pry the lid from the paint can.
240	regret	verbGrade 5 language and literature word	1. rimpiangere 2. rammaricarsi 3. pentirsi	I regret leaving the seedlings outside during the frost.
241	wring	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	spremere	Wring the wet cloth over the sink before hanging it.
242	confide	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	avere fiducia	Mara chose to confide her worry to a close friend.
243	dread	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. timore 2. temere	Some passengers dread flying during storms.
244	glimpse	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. occhiata 2. scorcio	We caught a glimpse of the fox before it vanished.
245	glisten	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	luccicare	Drops of rain glisten on the spiderweb.
246	isolate	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	isolare	Scientists isolate the sick plant to protect the healthy ones.
247	option	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	opzione	Taking the bus is an option when the road is icy.
248	smirk	verbGrade 5 social-emotional word	sogghignare	The bully began to smirk after hiding the missing notebook.
249	affection	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	affetto	The dog showed affection by resting its head on Mina's knee.
250	empathy	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	empatia	Reading the refugee's diary helped students develop empathy.

An Honest Apology

Reading practice for pages 10–12. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

After spilling paint on a friend’s poster, Luis feels deep regret. He begins to wring the stained paper, but that only tears it. Looking sorrowful, he chooses to confide in his teacher. She shows sympathy and helps both students make a repair.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. Why does Luis feel regret?

Luis spilled paint on a friend's poster.

2. Why should he not wring the paper?

Wringing the paper tears it.

3. In whom does Luis confide?

Luis confides in his teacher.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. I ___ leaving the seedlings outside during the frost.

Answer: regret

2. The ___ ending left many readers in tears.

Answer: sorrowful

3. ___ the wet cloth over the sink before hanging it.

Answer: wring

4. We expressed ___ to the family after their loss.

Answer: sympathy

5. Mara chose to ___ her worry to a close friend.

Answer: confide

Page 11: words 251–275

Vocabulary page 11
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
251	integrity	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	integrità	Returning the extra change showed Carlos's integrity.
252	patience	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	pazienza	Growing a garden requires patience because seeds develop slowly.
253	responsibility	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	responsabilità	Feeding the class fish is Hana's responsibility this week.
254	cooperation	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	cooperazione	The heavy table was moved safely through cooperation.
255	determination	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	determinazione	Her determination helped her finish the steep climb.
256	curiosity	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	curiosità	Curiosity led the children to examine the unusual shell.
257	fairness	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. giustizia 2. correttezza 3. equità	The referee's fairness earned respect from both teams.
258	loyalty	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	lealtà	The guide praised the dog's loyalty to its owner.
259	gratitude	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. gratitudine 2. riconoscenza	We wrote notes of gratitude to the volunteers.
260	tolerance	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	tolleranza	A respectful community practices tolerance toward different traditions.
261	perseverance	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	perseveranza	Solving the complicated puzzle required perseverance.
262	frustration	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. insoddisfazione 2. delusione 3. frustrazione	Repeated computer errors caused understandable frustration.
263	disappointment	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. delusione 2. disappunto	The canceled trip brought disappointment to the campers.
264	enthusiasm	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. entusiasmo 2. foga	Her enthusiasm for astronomy inspired the whole club.
265	embarrassment	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	imbarazzo	He laughed at his embarrassment after realizing his shirt was backward.
266	hesitation	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	esitazione	After a moment of hesitation, Priya stepped onto the stage.
267	jealousy	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. invidia 2. gelosia	Jealousy made the character ignore her friend's success.
268	loneliness	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	solitudine	Joining the club helped ease his loneliness.
269	relief	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	sollievo	We felt relief when the lost hikers returned safely.
270	resentment	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	risentimento	Unequal chores created resentment between the roommates.
271	satisfaction	nounGrade 5 social-emotional word	soddisfazione	Completing the mural gave the artists great satisfaction.
272	considerate	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. amichevole 2. cordiale 3. disponibile	It was considerate of Mae to lower her voice near the sleeping baby.
273	courageous	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	coraggioso	The courageous witness told the truth despite feeling afraid.
274	deceitful	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	bugiardo	The deceitful merchant hid the crack beneath a label.
275	determined	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	determinato	The determined runner continued through the heavy rain.

Page 11 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 11.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. Feeding the class fish is Hana's ___ this week.

Answer: responsibility

2. After a moment of ___, Priya stepped onto the stage.

Answer: hesitation

3. The heavy table was moved safely through ___.

Answer: cooperation

4. ___ made the character ignore her friend's success.

Answer: jealousy

5. Her ___ helped her finish the steep climb.

Answer: determination

Page 12: words 276–300

Vocabulary page 12
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
276	dishonest	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	disonesto	The dishonest player secretly changed the score.
277	enthusiastic	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	entusiasta	The enthusiastic volunteers arrived early with extra supplies.
278	impatient	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	impaziente	The impatient customer kept checking the clock.
279	respectful	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	rispettoso	A respectful listener does not interrupt.
280	selfish	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. egoista 2. egoistico	The selfish character kept all the food for himself.
281	thoughtful	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. pensieroso 2. pensoso 3. meditabondo	Her thoughtful question helped the speaker explain the issue.
282	cautious	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. cauto 2. ritenuto 3. oculato	The cautious climber tested each handhold.
283	cooperative	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	cooperativo	The cooperative group divided the research tasks fairly.
284	decisive	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. decisivo 2. determinante 3. sostanziale	The decisive captain changed course before the storm arrived.
285	devoted	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	devoto	The devoted nurse checked on every patient.
286	embarrassed	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	imbarazzato	Kai felt embarrassed after calling the teacher by the wrong name.
287	encouraging	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. incoraggiante 2. rassicurante	The coach's encouraging words helped the team recover.
288	forgiving	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	indulgente	Her forgiving response allowed the friends to begin again.
289	resourceful	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	sveglio	The resourceful campers repaired the strap with cord and tape.
290	selfless	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. disinteressato 2. altruista 3. altruistico	The selfless volunteer gave her seat to the tired passenger.
291	trustworthy	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. affidabile 2. credibile 3. attendibile	A trustworthy guide admits when a route is uncertain.
292	polite	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. cortese 2. educato	The polite guest thanked the host before leaving.
293	arrogant	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. arrogante 2. tracotante	The arrogant champion refused to congratulate the other team.
294	compassionate	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	compassionevole	The compassionate doctor listened carefully to the frightened child.
295	demanding	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	esigente	Training for the long race was demanding.
296	gloomy	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. cupo 2. lugubre 3. tetro	The gray sky gave the empty street a gloomy appearance.
297	guilty	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	colpevole	The guilty child admitted breaking the vase.
298	jealous	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. geloso 2. gelosa	Nia felt jealous when her friend won the solo.
299	miserable	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	misero	The soaked hikers felt miserable in the cold wind.
300	optimistic	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	ottimista	The optimistic gardener believed the damaged plants would recover.

Page 12 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 12.

Cloze vocabulary quiz

1. The ___ customer kept checking the clock.

Answer: impatient

2. A ___ guide admits when a route is uncertain.

Answer: trustworthy

3. A ___ listener does not interrupt.

Answer: respectful

4. The ___ guest thanked the host before leaving.

Answer: polite

5. The ___ character kept all the food for himself.

Answer: selfish

Page 13: words 301–325

Vocabulary page 13
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
301	pessimistic	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. pessimistico 2. pessimista	The pessimistic sailor doubted that the wind would improve.
302	reluctant	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	riluttante	The reluctant puppy stopped at the edge of the water.
303	sincere	adjectiveGrade 5 social-emotional word	1. sincero 2. assiduo 3. fervido	Her sincere apology helped repair the friendship.
304	adaptation	nounGrade 5 science word	adattamento	A camel's ability to conserve water is an adaptation to desert life.
305	organism	nounGrade 5 science word	organismo	Every organism in the pond depends on water.
306	habitat	nounGrade 5 science word	habitat	The marsh provides a habitat for frogs and herons.
307	ecosystem	nounGrade 5 science word	ecosistema	Removing one species can affect the entire ecosystem.
308	species	nounGrade 5 science word	specie	The island supports a rare species of lizard.
309	community	nounGrade 5 science word	comunità	The reef community includes coral, fish, and algae.
310	consumer	nounGrade 5 science word	1. consumatore 2. consumatrice	A rabbit is a consumer that feeds on plants.
311	decomposer	nounGrade 5 science word	decompositore	A mushroom acts as a decomposer on the forest floor.
312	producer	nounGrade 5 science word	1. produttore 2. produttrice	Grass is a producer that uses sunlight to make food.
313	nutrient	nounGrade 5 science word	1. nutriente 2. principe nutritivo	Iron is a nutrient that helps blood carry oxygen.
314	photosynthesis	nounGrade 5 science word	fotosintesi	During photosynthesis, leaves release oxygen.
315	respiration	nounGrade 5 science word	respirazione	Cellular respiration provides energy for growth and movement.
316	germination	nounGrade 5 science word	germinazione	Warm soil and water encourage germination.
317	pollination	nounGrade 5 science word	1. impollinazione 2. pollinazione	Bees help with pollination as they visit flowers.
318	reproduction	nounGrade 5 science word	1. riproduzione 2. duplicato	Flowering plants use seeds for reproduction.
319	inherited	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	eredità	Eye color is an inherited trait.
320	instinct	nounGrade 5 science word	istinto	Migration is an instinct in many bird species.
321	behavior	nounGrade 5 science word	1. comportamento 2. condotta	The scientist recorded the penguin's feeding behavior.
322	cell	nounGrade 5 science word	1. cellula 2. cella	A microscope can reveal the structure of a plant cell.
323	tissue	nounGrade 5 science word	tessuto	Muscle tissue contracts to move the body.
324	organ	nounGrade 5 science word	organo	The heart is an organ that pumps blood.
325	system	nounGrade 5 science word	sistema	The digestive system breaks food into usable nutrients.

A Reluctant Scientist

Reading practice for pages 13–15. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

Mina is reluctant to present her beetle model because she feels pessimistic about it. Her partner gives sincere encouragement. Together they explain how each adaptation helps the organism survive in a dry habitat.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. Why is Mina reluctant to present?

Mina doubts the quality of her model.

2. What does her partner offer?

Her partner offers sincere encouragement.

3. What do the adaptations help the organism do?

They help the organism survive.

Page 14: words 326–350

Vocabulary page 14
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
326	skeleton	nounGrade 5 science word	scheletro	A whale's skeleton contains bones shaped like those in other mammals.
327	muscle	nounGrade 5 science word	muscolo	The heart is a powerful muscle.
328	circulation	nounGrade 5 science word	circolazione	Exercise can increase blood circulation.
329	digestion	nounGrade 5 science word	digestione	Digestion begins when food is chewed.
330	microorganism	nounGrade 5 science word	1. microrganismo 2. microorganismo	Some kinds of microorganism help produce yogurt.
331	bacteria	nounGrade 5 science word	batteri	Helpful bacteria live in healthy soil.
332	virus	nounGrade 5 science word	virus	A virus can spread through cough droplets.
333	fungus	nounGrade 5 science word	fungo	The damp log was covered by a pale fungus.
334	parasite	nounGrade 5 science word	parassita	A tick is a parasite that feeds on an animal's blood.
335	immunity	nounGrade 5 science word	immunità	Vaccination can help the body develop immunity.
336	vaccine	nounGrade 5 science word	vaccino	The vaccine reduced the spread of the illness.
337	infection	nounGrade 5 science word	infezione	The doctor treated the cut to prevent infection.
338	symptom	nounGrade 5 science word	sintomo	A high fever can be a symptom of infection.
339	treatment	nounGrade 5 science word	1. trattamento 2. cura	Rest was part of the recommended treatment.
340	recover	verbGrade 5 science word	1. guarire 2. ritrovare	The injured bird may recover after several weeks of care.
341	contagious	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	1. contagioso 2. infettivo	The contagious illness moved quickly through the crowded camp.
342	hygiene	nounGrade 5 science word	1. igiene 2. salubrità	Good hand hygiene helps prevent infection.
343	molecule	nounGrade 5 science word	molecola	A water molecule contains hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
344	atom	nounGrade 5 science word	atomo	An atom contains a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
345	element	nounGrade 5 science word	elemento	Oxygen is an element found in air and water.
346	compound	nounGrade 5 science word	composto	Water is a compound made from hydrogen and oxygen.
347	mixture	nounGrade 5 science word	1. amalgama 2. combinazione 3. mistura	Trail mix is a mixture whose ingredients remain separate.
348	dissolve	verbGrade 5 science word	dissolvere	Salt will dissolve more quickly in warm water.
349	chemical	nounGrade 5 science word	composto chimico	The label identifies each chemical in the cleaning solution.
350	mineral	nounGrade 5 science word	minerale	Quartz is a common mineral in Earth's crust.

Page 15: words 351–375

Vocabulary page 15
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
351	mass	nounGrade 5 science word	massa	The balance measures the rock's mass in grams.
352	volume	nounGrade 5 science word	volume	We found the box's volume by multiplying its length, width, and height.
353	density	nounGrade 5 science word	densità	Oil floats because its density is lower than water's.
354	energy	nounGrade 5 science word	1. energia 2. forza	Food provides energy for the body.
355	force	nounGrade 5 science word	forza	The force of the kick sent the ball across the field.
356	motion	nounGrade 5 science word	movimento	The camera recorded the cart's motion down the ramp.
357	friction	nounGrade 5 science word	1. attrito 2. frizione	Friction between the tires and road helps the bicycle stop.
358	magnetism	nounGrade 5 science word	magnetismo	Magnetism pulled the iron paper clips toward the bar.
359	electricity	nounGrade 5 science word	elettricità	The wind turbine generates electricity.
360	circuit	nounGrade 5 science word	circuito	The bulb lights when the circuit is closed.
361	conductor	nounGrade 5 science word	1. conducente 2. conduttore	Copper is a good conductor of electricity.
362	insulator	nounGrade 5 science word	isolante	Rubber is an insulator used around electric wires.
363	reflection	nounGrade 5 science word	1. riflessione 2. riflesso	The mirror formed an image through reflection.
364	refraction	nounGrade 5 science word	rifrazione	Refraction makes the straw appear bent in water.
365	vibration	nounGrade 5 science word	vibrazione	The string's vibration produces a musical sound.
366	frequency	nounGrade 5 science word	frequenza	A higher sound frequency produces a higher pitch.
367	wavelength	nounGrade 5 science word	lunghezza d'onda	Red light has a longer wavelength than violet light.
368	spectrum	nounGrade 5 science word	spettro	A prism separates white light into a spectrum.
369	transparent	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	trasparente	The transparent glass revealed the fish inside the tank.
370	translucent	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	traslucido	The translucent curtain softened the sunlight.
371	opaque	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	offuscato	The opaque wall blocked all light from the next room.
372	solid	nounGrade 5 science word	solido	Ice is the solid form of water.
373	liquid	nounGrade 5 science word	liquido	A liquid takes the shape of its container.
374	state	nounGrade 5 science word	stato	Heating can change water from a liquid state to a gas.
375	evaporation	nounGrade 5 science word	1. vaporizzazione 2. evaporazione	Evaporation slowly dried the puddle.

Page 16: words 376–400

Vocabulary page 16
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
376	condensation	nounGrade 5 science word	condensazione	Condensation formed droplets on the cold glass.
377	precipitation	nounGrade 5 science word	precipitazione	The forecast predicts heavy precipitation overnight.
378	humidity	nounGrade 5 science word	umidità	High humidity made the warm day feel uncomfortable.
379	atmosphere	nounGrade 5 science word	atmosfera	Earth's atmosphere contains the oxygen people breathe.
380	weathering	nounGrade 5 science word	erosione	Repeated freezing and thawing cause weathering.
381	erosion	nounGrade 5 science word	erosione	Tree roots can slow erosion on a steep slope.
382	sediment	nounGrade 5 science word	1. deposito 2. sedimento	The river left a layer of sediment along its banks.
383	fossil	nounGrade 5 science word	fossile	The rock contained a fossil of a small shell.
384	glacier	nounGrade 5 science word	ghiacciaio	The glacier carved a wide valley as it moved.
385	earthquake	nounGrade 5 science word	1. terremoto 2. sisma 3. tremuoto	The earthquake damaged buildings near the fault.
386	fault	nounGrade 5 science word	1. colpa 2. biasimo	Pressure built along the fault before the earthquake.
387	tectonic	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	tettonico	Tectonic plates move only a few centimeters each year.
388	volcano	nounGrade 5 science word	vulcano	The volcano released steam from its summit.
389	canyon	nounGrade 5 science word	gola	The river flows along the bottom of the canyon.
390	plateau	nounGrade 5 science word	altopiano	The village sits on a plateau above the valley.
391	delta	nounGrade 5 science word	delta	The river formed a fertile delta beside the sea.
392	basin	nounGrade 5 science word	1. bacino 2. conca	Rain from the entire basin flows toward the main river.
393	renewable	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	rinnovabile	Sunlight is a renewable source of energy.
394	nonrenewable	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	non rinnovabile	Coal is a nonrenewable resource.
395	conservation	nounGrade 5 science word	conservazione	Water conservation becomes especially important during drought.
396	pollution	nounGrade 5 science word	inquinamento	Air pollution can make breathing difficult.
397	environment	nounGrade 5 science word	ambiente	Plastic waste harms the ocean environment.
398	recycle	verbGrade 5 science word	riciclare	The factory can recycle old glass into new bottles.
399	biodegradable	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	biodegradabile	Leaves are biodegradable and can become compost.
400	sustainable	adjectiveGrade 5 science word	sostenibile	The farm uses sustainable methods to protect the soil.

Water in the Air

Reading practice for pages 16–18. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

Warm water raises the humidity inside a sealed jar. Water vapor enters the cooler upper atmosphere of the jar, where condensation forms droplets. When the drops fall like precipitation, they strike a sugar cube and slowly model weathering.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What raises the humidity?

Warm water raises the humidity.

2. Where does condensation form?

Condensation forms near the cooler top of the jar.

3. What process does the sugar cube model?

The sugar cube models weathering.

Page 17: words 401–425

Vocabulary page 17
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
401	agriculture	nounGrade 5 science word	agricoltura	Agriculture provides food and materials for communities.
402	irrigation	nounGrade 5 science word	irrigazione	Drip irrigation carries water directly to plant roots.
403	fraction	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	frazione	The shaded fraction of the circle is three fourths.
404	decimal	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	decimale	The decimal 0.5 represents one half.
405	percentage	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	percentuale	The percentage of blue marbles is sixty because sixty out of every hundred are blue.
406	ratio	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	rapporto	The ratio of red beads to blue beads is two to three.
407	proportion	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	proporzione	We used a proportion to find the missing map distance.
408	numerator	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	numeratore	In three fifths, three is the numerator.
409	denominator	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	denominatore	In three fifths, five is the denominator.
410	product	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	prodotto	The product of six and seven is forty-two.
411	quotient	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	quoziente	The quotient of forty and eight is five.
412	remainder	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	resto	Seventeen divided by five has a remainder of two.
413	multiple	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	multiplo	Thirty is a multiple of both five and six.
414	prime	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	primo	Seven is a prime number because only one and seven divide it evenly.
415	composite	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	asteracea	Twelve is a composite number with several factor pairs.
416	divisible	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	1. divisibile 2. divisìbile	Thirty-six is divisible by nine.
417	divisor	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	divisore	In twenty divided by four, four is the divisor.
418	exponent	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	esponente	In three squared, the exponent is two.
419	squared	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	1. al quadrato 2. alla seconda	Five squared equals twenty-five.
420	cubed	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	terzo	Two cubed equals eight.
421	operation	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. esercizio 2. gestione	Choose the correct operation before solving the problem.
422	expression	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	espressione	The expression six plus four has a value of ten.
423	coordinate	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	coordinata	The first coordinate tells how far to move horizontally.
424	axis	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	asse	The horizontal axis shows time in minutes.
425	graph	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	grafo	The graph shows how temperature changed during the day.

Page 18: words 426–450

Vocabulary page 18
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
426	ordered	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	ordinato	An ordered pair lists the horizontal coordinate first.
427	quadrant	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	quadrante	The point is located in the first quadrant.
428	polygon	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	poligono	A hexagon is a polygon with six sides.
429	angle	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	angolo	A right angle measures ninety degrees.
430	vertex	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	vertice	The top vertex joins the triangle's two sloping sides.
431	parallel	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	parallelo	Opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel.
432	perpendicular	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	perpendicolare	The vertical post is perpendicular to the ground.
433	triangle	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	triangolo	The triangle has one right angle.
434	rectangle	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	rettangolo	The classroom floor forms a rectangle.
435	rhombus	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	rombo	The tilted tile is a rhombus rather than a square.
436	trapezoid	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	trapezoide	The bridge support forms a trapezoid.
437	circumference	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	circonferenza	We wrapped string around the lid to measure its circumference.
438	diameter	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	diametro	The plate's diameter is twice its radius.
439	radius	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	raggio	The compass was set to a radius of five centimeters.
440	area	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	area	Multiply length by width to find a rectangle's area.
441	perimeter	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	perimetro	Add all four side lengths to find the garden's perimeter.
442	symmetry	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	simmetria	The butterfly's wings show approximate symmetry.
443	median	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. mediano 2. mediana	The median of three, five, and nine is five.
444	mode	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	moda	The mode of two, three, three, and five is three.
445	range	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. intervallo 2. portata 3. gamma	The range of four, seven, and twelve is eight.
446	data	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	1. dati 2. dato	We recorded the rainfall data in a table.
447	sample	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	campione	The survey used a sample of fifty residents.
448	probability	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	probabilità	The probability of rolling an even number is one half.
449	possible	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	possibile	Rolling a six is possible with a standard number cube.
450	impossible	adjectiveGrade 5 mathematics word	impossibile	It is impossible to roll a seven on a standard six-sided number cube.

Page 19: words 451–475

Vocabulary page 19
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
451	event	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	evento	Drawing a red marble is the event we are studying.
452	estimate	nounGrade 5 mathematics word	stima	Our estimate placed the crowd at about five hundred people.
453	government	nounGrade 5 social studies word	controllo	The local government maintains roads and parks.
454	democracy	nounGrade 5 social studies word	democrazia	In a democracy, citizens vote in elections.
455	republic	nounGrade 5 social studies word	repubblica	The constitution established the nation as a republic.
456	constitution	nounGrade 5 social studies word	costituzione	The constitution describes the powers of each branch.
457	citizen	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. cittadino 2. cittadina	Every citizen may contact elected representatives.
458	citizenship	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. cittadinanza 2. senso civico	Responsible citizenship includes learning about public issues.
459	rights	nounGrade 5 social studies word	diritti	The law protects the rights of every voter.
460	duty	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. dovere 2. obbligo	Serving on a jury can be a citizen's duty.
461	justice	nounGrade 5 social studies word	giustizia	The court seeks justice by examining evidence carefully.
462	authority	nounGrade 5 social studies word	autorità	The city council has authority over local zoning.
463	legislature	nounGrade 5 social studies word	legislatura	The state legislature debated the education bill.
464	executive	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	esecutivo	The executive branch enforces federal laws.
465	judicial	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	1. giudiziale 2. giudiziario	The judicial branch decides how laws apply to cases.
466	congress	nounGrade 5 social studies word	congresso	Congress considered a bill about national parks.
467	court	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. corte 2. tribunale	The court listened to witnesses before reaching a decision.
468	amendment	nounGrade 5 social studies word	emendamento	The amendment added a new protection to the constitution.
469	federal	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	federale	Federal law applies throughout the country.
470	regional	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	regionale	The regional train connects several nearby cities.
471	municipal	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	1. civico 2. comunale	The municipal library is funded by the city.
472	policy	nounGrade 5 social studies word	polizza	The school adopted a policy for reducing food waste.
473	economy	nounGrade 5 social studies word	economia	Tourism supports the island's economy.
474	economic	adjectiveGrade 5 social studies word	economico	The new harbor created economic opportunities.
475	trade	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. scambiare 2. barattare 3. commercio	River routes allowed trade between distant communities.

Estimating an Election

Reading practice for pages 19–20. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

A mock election is the final event in civics week. Students estimate the turnout before voting for representatives. The activity shows how democracy works in a republic, where citizens choose people to serve in government.

Italian translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What event ends civics week?

A mock election ends civics week.

2. What do students estimate?

They estimate voter turnout.

3. How are democracy and a republic connected?

Citizens in the republic elect representatives to government.

Page 20: words 476–500

Vocabulary page 20
#	Word	Pattern / part of speech	Meaning	Sample sentence
476	commerce	nounGrade 5 social studies word	commercio	The port became a center of international commerce.
477	import	verbGrade 5 social studies word	1. importare 2. introdurre	The country must import fruit during the cold season.
478	export	verbGrade 5 social studies word	esportare	Local farms export coffee to markets overseas.
479	supply	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. fornire 2. fornitura	Heavy rain increased the city's water supply.
480	demand	nounGrade 5 social studies word	domanda	Demand for warm coats rises in winter.
481	scarcity	nounGrade 5 social studies word	scarsità	Water scarcity forced the town to limit outdoor use.
482	budget	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. bilancio 2. budget	The club created a budget before ordering supplies.
483	income	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. introiti 2. reddito	Part of her summer income went into savings.
484	expense	nounGrade 5 social studies word	spesa	Rent was the family's largest monthly expense.
485	profit	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. profitto 2. lucro 3. profit	The bakery used its profit to buy a larger oven.
486	goods	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. beni 2. merce	The train carried goods from inland factories to the port.
487	service	nounGrade 5 social studies word	servizio	Bus transportation is a public service.
488	currency	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. valuta 2. moneta	Travelers exchanged their currency before the trip.
489	tax	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. tassa 2. imposta 3. accisa	The sales tax helps fund local services.
490	labor	nounGrade 5 social studies word	manodopera	Building the stone wall required many hours of labor.
491	industry	nounGrade 5 social studies word	industria	Fishing is an important industry in the coastal region.
492	entrepreneur	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. imprenditore 2. imprenditrice	The young entrepreneur opened a bicycle repair shop.
493	colony	nounGrade 5 social studies word	colonia	The distant colony sent raw materials to the ruling nation.
494	colonist	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. colonizzatore 2. colonizzatrice	Each colonist had to build shelter before winter.
495	settlement	nounGrade 5 social studies word	insediamento	The settlement grew beside a reliable water source.
496	independence	nounGrade 5 social studies word	indipendenza	The nation declared independence after years of conflict.
497	revolution	nounGrade 5 social studies word	rivoluzione	The revolution ended the monarch's rule.
498	treaty	nounGrade 5 social studies word	trattato	The treaty established a peaceful border.
499	alliance	nounGrade 5 social studies word	1. trattato 2. alleanza	The two nations formed an alliance for mutual defense.
500	territory	nounGrade 5 social studies word	territorio	The map shows the territory governed by the northern kingdom.

Sources and curriculum references

These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.