English Vocabulary · Grade 10 Live Review Preview
10th Grade Vocabulary Words
Tenth-grade reading asks learners to move confidently among literary analysis, argument, source evaluation, laboratory science, mathematics, computing, history, economics, psychology, philosophy, and the arts. This level emphasizes precise academic language, disciplinary meanings, connotation, word relationships, and the ability to interpret unfamiliar vocabulary in demanding context.
This independently authored 800-word beta curriculum is arranged in twenty-three pages of up to thirty-five words. Pages containing words 1–500 include five cloze questions drawn only from that enhanced range; words 501–800 remain fully visible and editable as list pages while expanded practice is developed. Every row includes an editable subject-field label and a conservative word-study note about transparent affixes, compound structure, capitalization, or dictionary base forms. The cited sources calibrate range and difficulty only; all learner-facing definitions, examples, quizzes, and descriptions are original KSSR copy.
Please note: the vocabulary lists for grades 9~11 have been selected to ensure no overlap with the previous grade level. If the words are too specialized or difficult for you, please go back to grade levels 4~8 and review the words on those pages.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 246 | DNA sequencing | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: DNA + sequencing. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | DNA 시퀀싱 | DNA sequencing identified a change in the patient's gene. |
| 247 | genome | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: genome is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 게놈 2. 유전체 | The bacterial genome contains one main chromosome and several plasmids. |
| 248 | proteome | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: proteome is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 프로테옴 | The liver proteome changes in response to fasting. |
| 249 | transcriptome | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: transcriptome is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 전사체 | The transcriptome revealed which genes became active after infection. |
| 250 | bioinformatics | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: bioinformatics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 바이오인포매틱스 2. 생물정보학(生物情報學) | Bioinformatics helped compare thousands of DNA sequences. |
| 251 | genetic marker | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: genetic + marker. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 유전적 표지 | The researchers used a genetic marker to follow the disease-associated region. |
| 252 | single nucleotide polymorphism | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: single + nucleotide + polymorphism. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 단일 염기 다형성 | A single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with slower drug breakdown. |
| 253 | karyotype | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: karyotype is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 핵형 | The karyotype showed an extra copy of chromosome twenty-one. |
| 254 | nondisjunction | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Suffix focus: -tion commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 비분리 | Nondisjunction produced a gamete with an extra chromosome. |
| 255 | deletion mutation | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: deletion + mutation. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 결실 돌연변이 | The deletion mutation removed three bases from the coding sequence. |
| 256 | insertion mutation | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: insertion + mutation. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 삽입 돌연변이 | The insertion mutation added a repeated segment to the gene. |
| 257 | frameshift mutation | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: frameshift + mutation. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 프레임시프트 돌연변이 | A one-base deletion caused a frameshift mutation throughout the remaining code. |
| 258 | point mutation | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: point + mutation. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 점 돌연변이 | The point mutation replaced one base in the hemoglobin gene. |
| 259 | innate immunity | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: innate + immunity. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 선천적 면역 | Skin and inflammation are parts of innate immunity. |
| 260 | adaptive immunity | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: adaptive + immunity. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 적응 면역 | Adaptive immunity responds more quickly after a second encounter with the same virus. |
| 261 | antigen | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: antigen is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 항원(抗原) 2. 항원 | A protein on the virus acts as an antigen. |
| 262 | B cell | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: B + cell. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | B세포 | A B cell multiplied after recognizing its matching antigen. |
| 263 | T cell | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: T + cell. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | T세포 | A cytotoxic T cell recognized and killed the infected cell. |
| 264 | memory cell | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: memory + cell. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 1. 기억 세포 2. 면역 기억 세포 | A memory cell remained after the infection ended. |
| 265 | antigen-presenting cell | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: antigen + presenting + cell. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 항원 제시 세포 | A dendritic antigen-presenting cell carried viral fragments to a lymph node. |
| 266 | cytokine | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: cytokine is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 사이토카인 | The activated immune cell released a cytokine that recruited other cells. |
| 267 | inflammation | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 염증 | Inflammation made the injured ankle warm and swollen. |
| 268 | virulence | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state. | 독성 | The new strain had lower virulence and produced milder illness. |
| 269 | infectious disease | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: infectious + disease. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 전염병 | Measles is an infectious disease caused by a virus. |
| 270 | vaccination | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 접종 | Vaccination reduced the child's risk of severe infection. |
| 271 | herd immunity | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: herd + immunity. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 집단 면역(集團免疫) | High vaccination coverage strengthened herd immunity in the community. |
| 272 | autoimmune disease | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: autoimmune + disease. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 자가면역질환 | In an autoimmune disease, immune recognition fails to protect healthy tissue. |
| 273 | immunodeficiency | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: immunodeficiency is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 면역결핍 | The immunodeficiency left the patient vulnerable to ordinarily mild infections. |
| 274 | antibiotic resistance | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: antibiotic + resistance. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 항생제 내성 | Incomplete treatment can favor bacteria with antibiotic resistance. |
| 275 | microbiome | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: microbiome is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 미생물군집 | Diet can alter the intestinal microbiome. |
| 276 | neuron | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: neuron is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 신경 세포(神經細胞) 2. 뉴런 | The neuron carried a signal from the fingertip toward the spinal cord. |
| 277 | action potential | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: action + potential. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 활동 전위 | The action potential moved down the axon without gradually fading. |
| 278 | resting potential | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Term structure: resting + potential. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 1. 휴지막 전위 2. 안정막 전위 | Ion pumps help maintain the neuron's resting potential. |
| 279 | synapse | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: synapse is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 시냅스 | A neurotransmitter crossed the synapse between the two neurons. |
| 280 | neurotransmitter | noun StudyField: Grade 10 biology, biochemistry, and health-science term Word study: Base-form focus: neurotransmitter is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 신경전달물질(神經傳導物質) | The neurotransmitter bound to receptors on the next neuron. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 8 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 8.
English reading
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Korean translation
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Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- Common Core: Language Standards for Grades 9–10
- OpenStax: Biology 2e
- OpenStax: Chemistry 2e
- OpenStax: Algebra and Trigonometry 2e
- OpenStax: World History, Volume 2
- OpenStax: Psychology 2e
- OpenStax: Introduction to Philosophy
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words
- The Princeton Review, Word Smart: Building an Educated Vocabulary (Privately Owned KSSR Materials; bibliographic calibration only).