English Vocabulary · Grade 10 Live Review Preview
10th Grade Vocabulary Words
Tenth-grade reading asks learners to move confidently among literary analysis, argument, source evaluation, laboratory science, mathematics, computing, history, economics, psychology, philosophy, and the arts. This level emphasizes precise academic language, disciplinary meanings, connotation, word relationships, and the ability to interpret unfamiliar vocabulary in demanding context.
This independently authored 800-word beta curriculum is arranged in twenty-three pages of up to thirty-five words. Pages containing words 1–500 include five cloze questions drawn only from that enhanced range; words 501–800 remain fully visible and editable as list pages while expanded practice is developed. Every row includes an editable subject-field label and a conservative word-study note about transparent affixes, compound structure, capitalization, or dictionary base forms. The cited sources calibrate range and difficulty only; all learner-facing definitions, examples, quizzes, and descriptions are original KSSR copy.
Please note: the vocabulary lists for grades 9~11 have been selected to ensure no overlap with the previous grade level. If the words are too specialized or difficult for you, please go back to grade levels 4~8 and review the words on those pages.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 596 | Truman Doctrine | proper noun StudyField: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: Truman + Doctrine. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 트루먼 독트린 | The Truman Doctrine framed aid to Greece and Turkey as part of a broader containment policy. |
| 597 | Marshall Plan | proper noun StudyField: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: Marshall + Plan. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 마샬플랜 | The Marshall Plan supplied grants and materials for rebuilding infrastructure and industry. |
| 598 | Berlin Airlift | proper noun StudyField: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: Berlin + Airlift. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 베를린 공수 | The Berlin Airlift delivered food and fuel for nearly a year. |
| 599 | NATO | proper noun StudyField: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Capitalization focus: NATO is an abbreviation or initialism; preserve its capital letters. | 1. ^나토 2. 나토 | Under NATO, members agreed that an attack on one could be treated as an attack on all. |
| 600 | Warsaw Pact | proper noun StudyField: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: Warsaw + Pact. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | ^바르샤바 조약 | The Warsaw Pact formalized military cooperation within the Soviet bloc. |
| 601 | classical conditioning | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: classical + conditioning. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 고전적 조건화 | Classical conditioning explains why the dog began to salivate when it heard the food cart. |
| 602 | unconditioned stimulus | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: unconditioned + stimulus. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 무조건자극 | Food was the unconditioned stimulus that automatically caused the dog to salivate. |
| 603 | conditioned stimulus | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: conditioned + stimulus. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 조건자극 | After several trials, the bell became a conditioned stimulus. |
| 604 | unconditioned response | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: unconditioned + response. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 무조건 반응 | Salivating at food is an unconditioned response. |
| 605 | conditioned response | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: conditioned + response. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 조건부 반응 | Salivating at the bell became the dog's conditioned response. |
| 606 | spontaneous recovery | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: spontaneous + recovery. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 자연 회복 | Spontaneous recovery occurred when the dog reacted to the bell again the next morning. |
| 607 | stimulus generalization | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: stimulus + generalization. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 자극 일반화 | Stimulus generalization caused the child to fear several dogs after one frightening encounter. |
| 608 | stimulus discrimination | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: stimulus + discrimination. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 자극 변별 | Stimulus discrimination allowed the dog to react to the food bell but ignore the doorbell. |
| 609 | operant conditioning | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: operant + conditioning. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 조작적 조건화 | Operant conditioning increased careful practice because completed sessions earned extra game time. |
| 610 | positive reinforcement | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: positive + reinforcement. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 긍정적 강화 | Praise served as positive reinforcement for submitting work on time. |
| 611 | negative reinforcement | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: negative + reinforcement. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 부적 강화 | Fastening the seat belt stops the warning sound, so the silence acts as negative reinforcement. |
| 612 | punishment | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Suffix focus: -ment commonly forms a noun for an action, process, state, or result. | 1. 처벌 2. 징계 3. 형벌 | Losing computer privileges was a punishment for repeatedly ignoring the rule. |
| 613 | shaping | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: shaping is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 조형 | The trainer used shaping by rewarding the parrot first for approaching and later for touching the target. |
| 614 | observational learning | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: observational + learning. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 관찰 학습 | Observational learning helped the child tie a knot after watching an older sibling. |
| 615 | working memory | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: working + memory. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 작업 기억 | Working memory keeps the first numbers available while a student completes a calculation. |
| 616 | long-term memory | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: long + term + memory. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 장기 기억 | Repeated retrieval helped the formulas enter long-term memory. |
| 617 | encoding | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: encoding is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 인코딩 | Connecting a date with a vivid image improved encoding. |
| 618 | retrieval | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: retrieval is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 인출 | A familiar song triggered retrieval of a childhood memory. |
| 619 | schema | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: schema is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 스키마 | A restaurant schema helps diners predict that they will order before paying. |
| 620 | accommodation | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Suffix focus: -ation commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 1. 조절 2. 도식의 조절 | Learning that whales are mammals required accommodation of the child's animal categories. |
| 621 | cognitive dissonance | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: cognitive + dissonance. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 인지부조화 | Cognitive dissonance troubled Lena when her purchases conflicted with her concern about waste. |
| 622 | metacognition | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Suffix focus: -ition commonly forms a noun naming an action, process, or result. | 메타인지 | Metacognition helped Arun notice that rereading alone was not helping him remember. |
| 623 | availability heuristic | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: availability + heuristic. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 가용성 휴리스틱 | After watching several reports about plane crashes, the availability heuristic made flying seem unusually dangerous. |
| 624 | representativeness heuristic | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: representativeness + heuristic. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 대표성 휴리스틱 | The representativeness heuristic led voters to assume the quiet book lover must be a librarian. |
| 625 | anchoring bias | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: anchoring + bias. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 고정 편향 | An inflated starting price created anchoring bias during the negotiation. |
| 626 | framing effect | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: framing + effect. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 프레이밍 효과 | The framing effect made ninety-percent survival sound more reassuring than ten-percent mortality. |
| 627 | hindsight bias | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: hindsight + bias. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 사후 판단 편향 | Hindsight bias made the upset victory seem obvious once the match was over. |
| 628 | fundamental attribution error | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: fundamental + attribution + error. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 근본적인 귀인 오류 | The fundamental attribution error led Theo to call the late driver careless without considering the road closure. |
| 629 | self-serving bias | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: self + serving + bias. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 자기본위적 편향 | Self-serving bias appeared when the player praised skill after winning but blamed the weather after losing. |
| 630 | growth mindset | noun StudyField: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: growth + mindset. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 성장 마인드 | A growth mindset encouraged Mina to treat corrections as information for improvement. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 18 vocabulary review
Vocabulary list page; expanded practice is coming later.
English reading
Reading passage is being prepared.
Korean translation
A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.
Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- Common Core: Language Standards for Grades 9–10
- OpenStax: Biology 2e
- OpenStax: Chemistry 2e
- OpenStax: Algebra and Trigonometry 2e
- OpenStax: World History, Volume 2
- OpenStax: Psychology 2e
- OpenStax: Introduction to Philosophy
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words
- The Princeton Review, Word Smart: Building an Educated Vocabulary (Privately Owned KSSR Materials; bibliographic calibration only).

