English Vocabulary · Grade 10 Live Review Preview

10th Grade Vocabulary Words

Tenth-grade reading asks learners to move confidently among literary analysis, argument, source evaluation, laboratory science, mathematics, computing, history, economics, psychology, philosophy, and the arts. This level emphasizes precise academic language, disciplinary meanings, connotation, word relationships, and the ability to interpret unfamiliar vocabulary in demanding context.

This independently authored 800-word beta curriculum is arranged in twenty-three pages of up to thirty-five words. Pages containing words 1–500 include five cloze questions drawn only from that enhanced range; words 501–800 remain fully visible and editable as list pages while expanded practice is developed. Every row includes an editable subject-field label and a conservative word-study note about transparent affixes, compound structure, capitalization, or dictionary base forms. The cited sources calibrate range and difficulty only; all learner-facing definitions, examples, quizzes, and descriptions are original KSSR copy.

Please note: the vocabulary lists for grades 9~11 have been selected to ensure no overlap with the previous grade level. If the words are too specialized or difficult for you, please go back to grade levels 4~8 and review the words on those pages.

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Words 631–665 of 800
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
631	intrinsic motivation	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: intrinsic + motivation. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	内発的動機づけ	Curiosity provided intrinsic motivation for Omar to keep studying the night sky.
632	extrinsic motivation	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: extrinsic + motivation. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	外発的動機付け	The scholarship offered extrinsic motivation to maintain strong grades.
633	self-efficacy	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: self + efficacy. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	自己効力感	Completing smaller climbs increased Jia's self-efficacy before the difficult route.
634	locus of control	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: locus + of + control. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	制御の場所	An internal locus of control led Niko to focus on study choices he could change.
635	resilience	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	我慢	Community support strengthened residents' resilience after the flood.
636	epistemology	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Root and suffix focus: -logy means the study of a subject.	認識論	Epistemology asks what separates justified knowledge from a lucky guess.
637	metaphysics	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: metaphysics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	形而上学	Metaphysics includes questions about whether time exists independently of observers.
638	ontology	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: ontology is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. 存在論 2. オントロジー 3. 本体論	The debate in ontology asks whether numbers exist as objects or only as concepts.
639	ethics	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: ethics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	倫理学	Ethics examines whether a beneficial outcome can justify a dishonest action.
640	aesthetics	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: aesthetics is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	美学	Aesthetics asks why the same painting can move one viewer but leave another indifferent.
641	determinism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	決定論	Strict determinism raises questions about whether anyone could have acted differently.
642	free will	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: free + will. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	自由意志	The philosopher defended free will by distinguishing reasons from external coercion.
643	dualism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	二元論	Substance dualism treats mental experience as more than a physical brain process.
644	materialism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. 唯物論 2. 唯物主義	Materialism explains memory through changes in the nervous system.
645	idealism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	1. 観念論 2. イデアリスム	Idealism challenges the claim that objects are known exactly as they exist independently of perception.
646	relativism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	相対主義	Moral relativism questions whether one ethical standard applies identically across every society.
647	utilitarianism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	功利主義	Utilitarianism might support the policy if it produces the greatest net benefit for everyone affected.
648	deontology	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Root and suffix focus: -logy means the study of a subject.	義務論	Deontology can forbid deception even when a lie might produce a useful result.
649	virtue ethics	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: virtue + ethics. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	美徳倫理	Virtue ethics asks what a courageous and honest person would choose.
650	categorical imperative	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: categorical + imperative. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	定言命法	The categorical imperative challenges a person to reject an exception that could not be granted to everyone.
651	moral dilemma	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: moral + dilemma. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	道徳的ジレンマ	The rescue captain faced a moral dilemma when helping one vessel could delay aid to another.
652	thought experiment	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: thought + experiment. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	思考実験	The philosopher used a thought experiment about an invisible observer to examine privacy.
653	phenomenology	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Root and suffix focus: -logy means the study of a subject.	現象学	Phenomenology examines how time feels while a person waits anxiously.
654	linear perspective	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: linear + perspective. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	直線的な遠近法	The tiled floor uses linear perspective to lead the viewer's eye into the room.
655	atmospheric perspective	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: atmospheric + perspective. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	大気の視点	The painter used atmospheric perspective so the far mountains faded into blue haze.
656	vanishing point	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: vanishing + point. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	1. 消点 2. 消失点	The road narrows toward a vanishing point on the horizon.
657	chiaroscuro	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: chiaroscuro is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	1. キアロスクーロ 2. 明暗法 3. 陰影法	Chiaroscuro makes the face emerge from the dark background.
658	sfumato	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: sfumato is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	スフマート	Sfumato softens the transition around the portrait's mouth and eyes.
659	impasto	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: impasto is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	厚塗り	The artist used impasto to give the waves a rough physical texture.
660	fresco	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: fresco is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	フレスコ	The restored fresco covered the chapel ceiling.
661	tempera	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: tempera is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	テンペラ	The medieval panel's tempera produced crisp lines and luminous color.
662	oil painting	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Term structure: oil + painting. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	油絵	The portrait's transparent glazes are characteristic of oil painting.
663	watercolor	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: watercolor is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	水彩	The artist left areas of paper bare so the watercolor would retain bright highlights.
664	printmaking	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: printmaking is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	製版	Printmaking allowed the artist to produce a numbered edition from one carved block.
665	engraving	noun Study Field: Grade 10 psychology, philosophy, arts, and media term Word study: Base-form focus: engraving is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	彫刻	Fine crosshatched lines in the engraving create gradual shadow.

Vocabulary reading and practice

Motivation After a Setback

Reading practice for pages 19–21. Five relevant words are highlighted.

English reading

A student who practices piano for enjoyment acts from intrinsic motivation; a prize can add extrinsic motivation. After a difficult recital, resilience helps the student continue. Growing self-efficacy supports the belief that practice can improve performance, while an internal locus of control directs attention toward choices the student can actually make.

Japanese translation

A reviewed translation is not available for this passage yet.

Reading comprehension

1. What motivates practice for enjoyment?

Intrinsic motivation drives practice for enjoyment.

2. What does self-efficacy support?

It supports belief in one's capacity to improve.

3. How does an internal locus of control help?

It focuses attention on choices the student can make.

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Sources and curriculum references

These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.

10th Grade Vocabulary Words

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