English Vocabulary · Grade 10 Live Review Preview
10th Grade Vocabulary Words
Tenth-grade reading asks learners to move confidently among literary analysis, argument, source evaluation, laboratory science, mathematics, computing, history, economics, psychology, philosophy, and the arts. This level emphasizes precise academic language, disciplinary meanings, connotation, word relationships, and the ability to interpret unfamiliar vocabulary in demanding context.
This independently authored 800-word beta curriculum is arranged in twenty-three pages of up to thirty-five words. Pages containing words 1–500 include five cloze questions drawn only from that enhanced range; words 501–800 remain fully visible and editable as list pages while expanded practice is developed. Every row includes an editable subject-field label and a conservative word-study note about transparent affixes, compound structure, capitalization, or dictionary base forms. The cited sources calibrate range and difficulty only; all learner-facing definitions, examples, quizzes, and descriptions are original KSSR copy.
Please note: the vocabulary lists for grades 9~11 have been selected to ensure no overlap with the previous grade level. If the words are too specialized or difficult for you, please go back to grade levels 4~8 and review the words on those pages.
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| # | Word | Details | Meaning | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 386 | salt bridge | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Term structure: salt + bridge. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 塩橋 | Nitrate ions crossed the salt bridge as the galvanic cell operated. |
| 387 | half-cell | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Term structure: half + cell. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 半電池 | The zinc half-cell lost mass as zinc atoms became ions. |
| 388 | anode | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Base-form focus: anode is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 陽極 2. アノード | Zinc served as the anode and released electrons. |
| 389 | cathode | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Base-form focus: cathode is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 1. 陰極 2. カソード | Copper ions gained electrons at the cathode. |
| 390 | electrolysis | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Base-form focus: electrolysis is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 電気分解 | Electrolysis split molten sodium chloride into its elements. |
| 391 | electrode potential | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Term structure: electrode + potential. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 電極電位 | The measured electrode potential changed when the ion concentration changed. |
| 392 | spontaneous reaction | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Term structure: spontaneous + reaction. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 自発的な反応 | The positive cell voltage indicated a spontaneous reaction. |
| 393 | nonspontaneous reaction | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Term structure: nonspontaneous + reaction. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 非自発的な反応 | Charging the battery drives a nonspontaneous reaction. |
| 394 | entropy change | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Term structure: entropy + change. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | エントロピー変化 | Melting ice has a positive entropy change because the liquid permits more molecular arrangements. |
| 395 | enthalpy change | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Term structure: enthalpy + change. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | エンタルピー変化 | The negative enthalpy change showed that combustion released heat. |
| 396 | calorimetry | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Root and suffix focus: -metry relates to measuring. | 熱量測定 | Calorimetry determined the energy released when the fuel burned. |
| 397 | specific heat capacity | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Term structure: specific + heat + capacity. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 比熱容量 | Water's high specific heat capacity helps moderate coastal temperatures. |
| 398 | Hess's law | proper noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Term structure: Hess's + law. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | ヘスの法則 | Hess's law allowed the chemist to combine known reactions and calculate an unknown heat change. |
| 399 | bond enthalpy | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Term structure: bond + enthalpy. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 結合エンタルピー | The strong nitrogen triple bond has a large bond enthalpy. |
| 400 | lattice energy | noun StudyField: Grade 10 chemistry, physics, and Earth-systems term Word study: Term structure: lattice + energy. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 格子エネルギー | Small highly charged ions generally produce a large lattice energy. |
| 401 | complex number | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: complex + number. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 複素数 | Three plus two i is a complex number. |
| 402 | imaginary unit | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: imaginary + unit. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 虚数単位 | The imaginary unit makes it possible to express square roots of negative numbers. |
| 403 | real part | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: real + part. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 1. 実部 2. 実数部 | The real part of five minus three i is five. |
| 404 | imaginary part | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: imaginary + part. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 1. 虚部 2. 虚数部 | The imaginary part of five minus three i is negative three. |
| 405 | complex conjugate | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: complex + conjugate. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 共役複素数 | The complex conjugate of two plus seven i is two minus seven i. |
| 406 | polynomial function | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: polynomial + function. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 多項式関数 | The graph of a third-degree polynomial function may have two turning points. |
| 407 | degree of polynomial | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: degree + of + polynomial. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 多項式の次数 | The degree of polynomial x cubed minus x is three. |
| 408 | leading term | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: leading + term. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 主要用語 | The leading term of four x cubed minus x is four x cubed. |
| 409 | polynomial long division | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: polynomial + long + division. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 多項式の長い除算 | Polynomial long division produced a quadratic quotient and a constant remainder. |
| 410 | synthetic division | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: synthetic + division. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 合成除算 | Synthetic division quickly evaluated the quotient for division by x minus two. |
| 411 | remainder theorem | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: remainder + theorem. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 剰余定理 | The remainder theorem shows that division by x minus three leaves a remainder of f of three. |
| 412 | factor theorem | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: factor + theorem. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 因数定理 | The factor theorem confirms that x plus one is a factor because f of negative one is zero. |
| 413 | rational root theorem | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: rational + root + theorem. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 有理根定理 | The rational root theorem narrowed the possible zeros to factors of the constant over factors of the leading coefficient. |
| 414 | multiplicity | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Suffix focus: -ity commonly forms a noun naming a quality, state, or condition. | 数 | A zero with even multiplicity makes the graph touch the axis and turn back. |
| 415 | end behavior | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: end + behavior. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 終了動作 | The leading term determines the polynomial's end behavior. |
| 416 | zero of function | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: zero + of + function. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 関数のゼロ | The graph crosses the x-axis at each real zero of function f. |
| 417 | asymptote | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Base-form focus: asymptote is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context. | 漸近線 | The hyperbola gets closer to its asymptote without meeting it. |
| 418 | horizontal asymptote | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: horizontal + asymptote. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 水平漸近線 | The function has y equals two as a horizontal asymptote. |
| 419 | vertical asymptote | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: vertical + asymptote. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 垂直漸近線 | The denominator becomes zero at the vertical asymptote x equals three. |
| 420 | oblique asymptote | noun StudyField: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: oblique + asymptote. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit. | 斜めの漸近線 | Polynomial division revealed the oblique asymptote y equals x plus one. |
Vocabulary reading and practice
Page 12 vocabulary review
Review five selected words from page 12.
English reading
Reading passage is being prepared.
Japanese translation
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Vocabulary quiz
Choose the dictionary equivalent for each of 5 selected words.
Vocabulary chart page
This page focuses on the word chart. Reading passages appear once in each three-page group, while cloze quizzes remain in the established enhanced range for this level.
Sources and curriculum references
These references guide selection and calibration. Definitions, sample sentences, readings, questions, and teaching notes are independently written and reviewed.
- Common Core: Language Standards for Grades 9–10
- OpenStax: Biology 2e
- OpenStax: Chemistry 2e
- OpenStax: Algebra and Trigonometry 2e
- OpenStax: World History, Volume 2
- OpenStax: Psychology 2e
- OpenStax: Introduction to Philosophy
- WikDict downloadable bilingual dictionaries
- Kaikki.org / Wiktextract machine-readable Wiktionary data
- Language-Learning-decks public flashcard datasets
- SBBIC English-to-Khmer Dictionary
- English–Khmer Dictionary Dataset (machine-generated Khmer fallback; human review required)
- PanLex meanings snapshot (direct CC0 gap candidates; human review required)
- Cambridge bilingual dictionaries (individual editorial sense checks)
- Collins English–Hindi Dictionary (individual editorial checks)
- Hindwi and Rekhta dictionaries (individual Hindi/Urdu checks)
- National Institute of Korean Language: Basic Korean Dictionary
- JMdict/EDRDG Japanese dictionary project
- CC-CEDICT Chinese dictionary project
- VDict Vietnamese Dictionary (individual editorial check)
- Google Translate (machine-assisted lesson-reading draft; fluent review required)
- Kuperman et al.: Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words
- The Princeton Review, Word Smart: Building an Educated Vocabulary (Privately Owned KSSR Materials; bibliographic calibration only).