English Vocabulary · Grade 10 Live Review Preview

10th Grade Vocabulary Words

Tenth-grade reading asks learners to move confidently among literary analysis, argument, source evaluation, laboratory science, mathematics, computing, history, economics, psychology, philosophy, and the arts. This level emphasizes precise academic language, disciplinary meanings, connotation, word relationships, and the ability to interpret unfamiliar vocabulary in demanding context.

This independently authored 800-word beta curriculum is arranged in twenty-three pages of up to thirty-five words. Pages containing words 1–500 include five cloze questions drawn only from that enhanced range; words 501–800 remain fully visible and editable as list pages while expanded practice is developed. Every row includes an editable subject-field label and a conservative word-study note about transparent affixes, compound structure, capitalization, or dictionary base forms. The cited sources calibrate range and difficulty only; all learner-facing definitions, examples, quizzes, and descriptions are original KSSR copy.

Please note: the vocabulary lists for grades 9~11 have been selected to ensure no overlap with the previous grade level. If the words are too specialized or difficult for you, please go back to grade levels 4~8 and review the words on those pages.

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Words 491–525 of 800
#	Word	Details	Meaning	Sample sentence
491	foreign key	noun Study Field: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: foreign + key. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	a field that refers to a primary key in another table	The order record uses customer ID as a foreign key.
492	database normalization	noun Study Field: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: database + normalization. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	the organization of database tables to reduce duplication and update inconsistency	Database normalization moved repeated addresses into a separate table.
493	SQL	proper noun Study Field: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Capitalization focus: SQL is an abbreviation or initialism; preserve its capital letters.	a language used to define, query, and modify relational databases	The analyst used SQL to select orders from the previous month.
494	application programming interface	noun Study Field: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: application + programming + interface. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	a defined interface through which software systems request data or actions from one another	The weather application programming interface returns forecast data in JSON.
495	object-oriented programming	noun Study Field: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: object + oriented + programming. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	a programming approach that organizes behavior and data around interacting objects and classes	Object-oriented programming groups each account's fields with methods that act on them.
496	object	noun Study Field: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Base-form focus: object is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	a particular instance of a programming class with its own state	The red bicycle is one object created from the Vehicle class.
497	memoization	noun Study Field: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Suffix focus: -ization forms a noun for a process of making or becoming.	an optimization technique that stores completed computations so repeated inputs can reuse their results	Memoization reduced the recursive program's running time by reusing earlier answers.
498	dynamic programming	noun Study Field: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: dynamic + programming. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	a method that solves overlapping subproblems once and combines their stored results	Dynamic programming found the cheapest route without recalculating every partial route.
499	referential integrity	noun Study Field: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: referential + integrity. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	a database rule requiring references between tables to point to valid records	Referential integrity prevented an order from naming a customer who did not exist.
500	parameterized query	noun Study Field: Grade 10 mathematics, statistics, and computing term Word study: Term structure: parameterized + query. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	a database command that keeps user-supplied values separate from the command structure	A parameterized query protected the login form from SQL injection.
501	humanism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	an intellectual movement emphasizing human experience, education, reason, and classical learning	Renaissance humanism encouraged the close study of history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy.
502	secularism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	the principle of separating religious authority from some public institutions or areas of thought	Secularism influenced debates about whether civil law should depend on one faith.
503	patronage	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Base-form focus: patronage is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	financial or political support given to artists, scholars, institutions, or clients	Medici patronage funded major works of Renaissance art.
504	indulgence	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Suffix focus: -ence commonly forms a noun naming an action, quality, or state.	in late medieval Catholic practice, a remission of temporal punishment associated with forgiven sin	Criticism of the sale of an indulgence helped ignite reform debates.
505	Council of Trent	proper noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: Council + of + Trent. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	the Catholic council held from 1545 to 1563 that addressed reform and doctrine	The Council of Trent condemned abuses while reaffirming major teachings.
506	religious pluralism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: religious + pluralism. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	the coexistence and public recognition of multiple religious traditions	Religious pluralism required states to negotiate differences among confessional communities.
507	empiricism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	the view that knowledge depends strongly on sensory experience and observation	Empiricism encouraged investigators to test claims against measured results.
508	rationalism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Suffix focus: -ism often names a belief, system, movement, or practice.	the view that reason is a major source of knowledge and justified belief	Rationalism led some philosophers to begin with principles they considered self-evident.
509	absolute monarchy	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: absolute + monarchy. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	a monarchy in which the ruler claims broad authority not effectively limited by representative institutions	Louis XIV became a symbol of absolute monarchy.
510	parliamentary government	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: parliamentary + government. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	a system in which an executive depends on the confidence of a legislature	The prime minister leads the parliamentary government while retaining legislative support.
511	English Bill of Rights	proper noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: English + Bill + of + Rights. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	the 1689 act limiting royal power and affirming parliamentary rights in England	The English Bill of Rights prohibited the monarch from suspending laws alone.
512	plantation economy	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: plantation + economy. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	an economy centered on large estates producing cash crops through controlled labor	The sugar plantation economy depended heavily on enslaved workers.
513	enclosure movement	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: enclosure + movement. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	the consolidation and fencing of shared or small agricultural lands into larger private holdings	The enclosure movement displaced some rural families while increasing commercial farming.
514	cottage industry	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: cottage + industry. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	production carried out in homes by workers using their own or supplied tools	Before large factories, the cottage industry employed families who spun and wove cloth.
515	division of labor	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: division + of + labor. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	organization of production into specialized tasks performed by different workers	Division of labor increased output but made many factory jobs repetitive.
516	labor union	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: labor + union. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	an organization of workers formed to negotiate pay, conditions, and workplace rights	The labor union organized a strike for safer equipment.
517	protectorate	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Base-form focus: protectorate is the dictionary headword; compare its inflected or derived forms in context.	a territory retaining some local government while a stronger state controls key affairs	The treaty turned the kingdom into a protectorate with limited sovereignty.
518	sphere of influence	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: sphere + of + influence. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	an area where an outside power claims privileged political or economic access	Foreign states divided port regions into a sphere of influence.
519	settler colonialism	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: settler + colonialism. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	colonization in which settlers seek permanent control of land and often displace Indigenous peoples	Settler colonialism transformed land ownership and governance.
520	extractive economy	noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: extractive + economy. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	an economy organized around removing natural resources for outside use or profit	The extractive economy exported minerals while investing little in local manufacturing.
521	Berlin Conference	proper noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: Berlin + Conference. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	the 1884–1885 meeting at which European powers established rules for claiming African territory	No African representatives participated in the Berlin Conference.
522	Social Darwinism	proper noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: Social + Darwinism. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	the misuse of evolutionary ideas to justify social hierarchy, racism, imperialism, or unrestricted competition	Social Darwinism provided false scientific language for imperial domination.
523	French Revolution	proper noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: French + Revolution. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	the upheaval beginning in 1789 that overthrew the French monarchy and transformed politics and society	The French Revolution abolished feudal privileges and declared civic equality.
524	Estates-General	proper noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: Estates + General. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	the representative assembly of France's three traditional estates before and during the early revolution	The king summoned the Estates-General to address the financial crisis.
525	National Assembly	proper noun Study Field: Grade 10 world-history, civics, and economics term Word study: Term structure: National + Assembly. Study the complete expression as one field-specific unit.	the body formed in 1789 when representatives of France's Third Estate claimed national authority	The National Assembly pledged to write a constitution.

Vocabulary reading and practice

Page 15 vocabulary review

Review five selected words from page 15.

Vocabulary quiz

Complete 5 review questions for this page.

1. The analyst used ___ to select orders from the previous month.

Answer: SQL

2. The weather ___ returns forecast data in JSON.

Answer: application programming interface

3. ___ groups each account's fields with methods that act on them.

Answer: object-oriented programming

4. The red bicycle is one ___ created from the Vehicle class.

Answer: object

5. ___ reduced the recursive program's running time by reusing earlier answers.

Answer: memoization

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10th Grade Vocabulary Words

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